<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Analytics & AI Strategy by Tomorrow Marketers: Analytical Thinking]]></title><description><![CDATA[------]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/s/analytical-thinking</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bIpf!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62f9d148-f921-408f-80b2-0ab3427701d1_960x960.png</url><title>Analytics &amp; AI Strategy by Tomorrow Marketers: Analytical Thinking</title><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/s/analytical-thinking</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Thu, 04 Jun 2026 00:35:23 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Analytics & AI Strategy by Tomorrow Marketers]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[insightouch@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[insightouch@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Joey]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Joey]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[insightouch@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[insightouch@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Joey]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Lean Analytics – Tại sao cần tư duy phân tích dữ liệu và cách áp dụng vào 6 mô hình kinh doanh phổ biến]]></title><description><![CDATA[Lean Analytics tr&#7843; l&#7901;i m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#432;ng s&#7889;ng c&#242;n: &#8220;C&#7847;n &#273;o c&#225;i g&#236;, v&#224;o l&#250;c n&#224;o, v&#224; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;?&#8221;. T&#236;m hi&#7875;u ngay c&#225;ch t&#225;c gi&#7843; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n ch&#7885;n ra m&#7897;t v&#224;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&#7849;y m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n thay v&#236; &#273;o m&#7885;i th&#7913;.]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/lean-analytics</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/lean-analytics</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 25 Jun 2025 04:09:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>M&#236;nh lu&#244;n t&#242; m&#242; v&#7873; c&#225;ch m&#224; c&#225;c startup th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh nhanh ch&#243;ng, &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7855;n v&#224;&#8230; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; c&#7843;m t&#237;nh chi ph&#7889;i. C&#243; m&#7897;t giai &#273;o&#7841;n, m&#236;nh b&#7883; &#8220;ng&#7907;p&#8221; gi&#7919;a v&#244; v&#224;n ch&#7881; s&#7889;, m&#7895;i b&#234;n &#273;&#7873;u b&#7843;o c&#225;i n&#224;y quan tr&#7885;ng, c&#225;i kia ph&#7843;i theo d&#245;i. V&#224; r&#7891;i <em>Lean Analytics</em> xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n nh&#432; m&#7897;t b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; gi&#250;p m&#236;nh hi&#7875;u &#273;&#226;u l&#224; s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#7853;t s&#7921; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t, m&#224; c&#242;n gi&#250;p m&#236;nh h&#7885;c c&#225;ch nh&#236;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i t&#432; duy c&#243; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng.</p><p><em>Lean Analytics &#8211; Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u tinh g&#7885;n</em> l&#224; m&#7897;t cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch th&#7921;c t&#7871;, kh&#244;ng m&#224;u m&#232;. N&#243; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#432;ng s&#7889;ng c&#242;n: <strong>&#8220;C&#7847;n &#273;o c&#225;i g&#236;, v&#224;o l&#250;c n&#224;o, v&#224; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;?&#8221;</strong>. T&#225;c gi&#7843; kh&#244;ng d&#7841;y b&#7841;n &#8220;&#273;o m&#7885;i th&#7913;&#8221; m&#224; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n h&#7885;c c&#225;ch ch&#7885;n ra m&#7897;t v&#224;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; s&#7869; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&#7849;y m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ti&#7871;n l&#234;n.</p><h2>Gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u s&#225;ch Lean Analytics</h2><p>&#8216;Lean Analytics&#8217;, b&#7843;n ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t l&#224; &#8216;Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u tinh g&#7885;n&#8217;, l&#224; m&#7897;t quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n n&#259;m 2013 b&#7903;i Alistair Croll v&#224; Benjamin Yoskovitz. Quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch vi&#7871;t v&#7873; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p tinh g&#7885;n, d&#7921;a tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p>N&#7897;i dung c&#7911;a &#8216;Lean Analytics&#8217; bao g&#7891;m b&#7889;n ph&#7847;n ch&#237;nh:</p><ul><li><p>Gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u v&#7873; <a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/data-analysis-la-gi">t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a></p></li><li><p>Gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u t&#7893;ng quan v&#7873; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/5-chi-so-anh-huong-den-loi-nhuan-ma-marketing-va-sales-nen-theo-doi/">c&#225;c lo&#7841;i metrics c&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253; </a>&#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i 6 lo&#7841;i m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh kh&#225;c nhau.</p></li><li><p>Gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch c&#225;c lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau trong v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p</p></li><li><p>Gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong m&#7897;t t&#7893; ch&#7913;c &#8211; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n th&#224;nh c&#225;c lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p nh&#432; B2B, B2C v&#224; Intrapreneurs (h&#7879; th&#7889;ng cho ph&#233;p c&#225;c nh&#226;n vi&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p trong ch&#237;nh c&#244;ng ty h&#7885; &#273;ang l&#224;m vi&#7879;c).</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png" width="279" height="361" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:361,&quot;width&quot;:279,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Lean Analytics - T&#7841;i sao c&#7847;n t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; c&#225;ch &#225;p d&#7909;ng v&#224;o 6  m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n | Tomorrow Marketers&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Lean Analytics - T&#7841;i sao c&#7847;n t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; c&#225;ch &#225;p d&#7909;ng v&#224;o 6  m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n | Tomorrow Marketers" title="Lean Analytics - T&#7841;i sao c&#7847;n t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; c&#225;ch &#225;p d&#7909;ng v&#224;o 6  m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n | Tomorrow Marketers" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, m&#236;nh s&#7869; chia s&#7867; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m ch&#237;nh t&#7915; hai ph&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a s&#225;ch &#8211; n&#417;i b&#7841;n s&#7869; h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng v&#224; c&#225;ch x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c metrics quan tr&#7885;ng cho 6 lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh kinh doanh kh&#225;c nhau. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang x&#226;y s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, l&#224;m marketing hay b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u m&#7897;t d&#7921; &#225;n m&#7899;i, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch n&#234;n &#273;&#7885;c.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2>T&#7841;i sao c&#7847;n t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u?</h2><p>M&#236;nh t&#7915;ng ngh&#297; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a&#8230; team data. Nh&#432;ng c&#224;ng l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, m&#236;nh c&#224;ng nh&#7853;n ra: n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng t&#7921; trang b&#7883; cho m&#236;nh m&#7897;t t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#417; b&#7843;n, th&#236; r&#7845;t d&#7877; r&#417;i v&#224;o c&#225;i b&#7851;y l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t: <strong>l&#7915;a d&#7889;i ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh b&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889; &#8220;c&#243; v&#7867; &#273;&#250;ng&#8221;</strong>.</p><p>Theo hai t&#225;c gi&#7843; Croll v&#224; Yoskovitz c&#7911;a <em>Lean Analytics</em>, m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch l&#224; &#273;&#7875; nh&#236;n th&#7859;ng v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng <strong>facts</strong> ph&#417;i b&#224;y r&#245; hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nh&#7919;ng c&#7843;m gi&#225;c m&#417; h&#7891; nh&#432; &#8220;m&#236;nh ngh&#297; l&#224; n&#243; &#273;ang &#7893;n&#8221; hay &#8220;c&#243; v&#7867; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng th&#237;ch &#273;&#7845;y&#8221;. Khi c&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#237;t ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh theo c&#7843;m t&#237;nh h&#417;n v&#224; &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;n l&#7899;n.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u khi&#7871;n m&#236;nh t&#226;m &#273;&#7855;c &#7903; <em>Lean Analytics</em> l&#224; n&#243; kh&#244;ng khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch b&#7841;n &#273;o m&#7885;i th&#7913;. Tr&#225;i l&#7841;i, n&#243; bu&#7897;c b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i <strong>t&#432; duy k&#7929; c&#224;ng v&#7873; c&#226;u h&#7887;i g&#7889;c r&#7877;</strong>: &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; th&#7921;c s&#7921; quan tr&#7885;ng trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y? Ch&#7881; khi b&#7841;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o m&#7897;t v&#224;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#273;&#7911; &#8220;n&#7863;ng k&#253;&#8221;, nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n thay &#273;&#7893;i th&#7921;c s&#7921;, th&#236; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#7899;i c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883;. C&#242;n n&#7871;u &#244;m &#273;&#7891;m qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u metrics cho &#8220;b&#7857;ng b&#7841;n b&#7857;ng b&#232;&#8221;, b&#7841;n ch&#7881; &#273;ang ph&#237; ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c v&#224; th&#7901;i gian.</p><p>Th&#244;ng qua quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch, c&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; s&#7869; cung c&#7845;p cho b&#7841;n m&#7897;t b&#7843;n h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n, nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; v&#224; case study nh&#7857;m ch&#7913;ng minh: T&#7853;p trung v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7889;t l&#245;i trong th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#7911;a m&#7885;i startup.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra, c&#225;c doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; d&#7877; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng h&#417;n n&#7871;u th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n chu tr&#236;nh &#8220;Build &#8211; Learn &#8211; Measure&#8221; (X&#226;y d&#7921;ng &#8211; T&#236;m hi&#7875;u &#8211; &#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng). C&#7909; th&#7875; h&#417;n, h&#227;y b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m nh&#7887;, v&#7915;a &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng nhu c&#7847;u ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, sau &#273;&#243; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; r&#250;t kinh nghi&#7879;m t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ph&#233;p &#273;o &#273;&#7875; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng v&#224; ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ban &#273;&#7847;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png" width="1023" height="580" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:580,&quot;width&quot;:1023,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#8216;Lean Analytics&#8217; n&#7857;m trong b&#432;&#7899;c &#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a v&#242;ng tr&#242;n tr&#234;n.</p><h2>6 Business Models ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n v&#224; nh&#7919;ng metrics t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng</h2><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng ph&#7847;n m&#236;nh th&#7845;y hay nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a <em>Lean Analytics</em> l&#224; c&#225;ch m&#224; cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch chia nh&#7887; t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#224;nh t&#7915;ng m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh c&#7909; th&#7875;. M&#7895;i lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh s&#7869; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng &#8220;&#273;&#242;n b&#7849;y&#8221; kh&#225;c nhau, &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; b&#7841;n c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh &#273;ang ch&#417;i tr&#242; ch&#417;i n&#224;o, v&#224; lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i l&#224; g&#236;.</p><h3>#1. Th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917;</h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#244; h&#236;nh &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n r&#7845;t m&#7841;nh nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y. V&#7899;i m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh n&#224;y, doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p b&#225;n h&#224;ng tr&#234;n c&#225;c n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t s&#7889;. C&#225;c giao d&#7883;ch l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7847;n. H&#224;ng h&#243;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; digital nh&#432; file &#226;m nh&#7841;c, ho&#7863;c c&#225;c m&#7863;t h&#224;ng v&#7853;t l&#253;. V&#237; d&#7909;, Uniqlo b&#225;n qu&#7847;n &#225;o th&#244;ng qua trang web http://uniqlo.com/ v&#224; Apple b&#225;n nh&#7841;c th&#244;ng qua Kho nh&#7841;c iTunes.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png" width="1456" height="777" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:777,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sau &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#224;i metrics quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i m&#244; h&#236;nh TM&#272;T:</p><p>1. T&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i (conversion): s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p v&#224;o c&#7917;a h&#224;ng tr&#7921;c tuy&#7871;n v&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n mua h&#224;ng.</p><p>2. K&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7887; h&#224;ng (shopping cart size): m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i mua &#273;&#243; chi bao nhi&#234;u.</p><p>3. T&#7927; l&#7879; t&#7915; b&#7887; (abandonment): s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; b&#7887; mua h&#224;ng trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7863;t h&#224;ng.</p><p>4. S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng mua h&#224;ng m&#7895;i n&#259;m: th&#7875; hi&#7879;n lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917; c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p.</p><ul><li><p>Lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh mua l&#7841;i (acquisition mode): khi s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua l&#7841;i &#237;t h&#417;n 40%. V&#7899;i lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh n&#224;y, ta c&#7847;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o vi&#7879;c thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i v&#224; b&#7887; qua c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#226;n thi&#7871;t. V&#237; d&#7909;: m&#7897;t c&#7917;a h&#224;ng thi&#7871;t b&#7883; leo n&#250;i.</p></li><li><p>Lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh k&#7871;t h&#7907;p (hybrid mode): khi 40-60% ng&#432;&#7901;i mua n&#259;m ngo&#225;i s&#7869; mua trong n&#259;m nay. Doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n c&#226;n b&#7857;ng gi&#7919;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i v&#224; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#361;. V&#237; d&#7909;: n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng TM&#272;T Zappos.</p></li><li><p>Lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh trung th&#224;nh (loyalty mode): khi h&#417;n 60% ng&#432;&#7901;i mua n&#259;m ngo&#225;i s&#7869; mua h&#224;ng trong n&#259;m nay. Tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m c&#7911;a chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c l&#224; s&#7921; trung th&#224;nh, khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch c&#225;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng hi&#7879;n c&#243; mua th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n h&#417;n. V&#237; d&#7909;: Amazon.</p></li></ul><p>5. <a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/customer-acquisition-cost">Chi ph&#237; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (customer acquisition cost)</a>: Bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c chi ph&#237; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n marketing v&#224; sales.</p><p>6. Hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a t&#7915; kh&#243;a t&#236;m ki&#7871;m (search keyword effectiveness).</p><p>7. Doanh thu tr&#234;n m&#7895;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (revenue per customer).</p><p>8. Th&#7901;i gian v&#7853;n chuy&#7875;n (shipping time): m&#7897;t metric c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; h&#224;i l&#242;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><h3>#2. SaaS (Software as a Service) &#8211; Ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m d&#7883;ch v&#7909;</h3><p>L&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m SaaS gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; duy tr&#236; m&#7897;t m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; d&#224;i h&#7841;n. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; c&#361;ng tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n, v&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n c&#361;ng &#7903; l&#7841;i. Tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y m&#236;nh t&#432;&#7903;ng &#8220;c&#243; user l&#224; ngon r&#7891;i&#8221;, nh&#432;ng Lean Analytics gi&#250;p m&#236;nh nh&#236;n th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng &#8220;l&#7895; h&#7893;ng v&#244; h&#236;nh&#8221; qua t&#7915;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889;.</p><p>C&#225;c metrics quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i m&#244; h&#236;nh SaaS:</p><p>1. T&#7927; l&#7879; ch&#250; &#253; (attention): s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p k&#234;nh/ s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><p>2. T&#7927; l&#7879; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; (enrolment): s&#7889; kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237; ho&#7863;c d&#249;ng th&#7917;.</p><p>3. T&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i (conversion): s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng tr&#7903; th&#224;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n.</p><p>4. Churn rate: t&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i.</p><p>5. Stickiness: t&#7847;n su&#7845;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><p>6. M&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; viral: kh&#7843; n&#259;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng s&#7869; gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c</p><p>7. Doanh thu tr&#234;n m&#7895;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><p>8. Chi ph&#237; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (CAC).</p><p>9. Upselling: s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng chuy&#7875;n sang m&#7897;t m&#7913;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cao h&#417;n trong m&#7897;t giai &#273;o&#7841;n c&#7909; th&#7875; (v&#237; d&#7909;, t&#7915; d&#249;ng phi&#234;n b&#7843;n mi&#7877;n ph&#237; sang phi&#234;n b&#7843;n tr&#7843; ph&#237;).</p><p>10. <a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/customer-lifetime-value">Gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (CLV)</a>.</p><p>11. &#272;&#7897; tin c&#7853;y: c&#244;ng ty &#273;&#227; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bao nhi&#234;u khi&#7871;u n&#7841;i t&#7915; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><p>12. T&#7927; l&#7879; ho&#224;n tr&#7843; chi ph&#237; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng: s&#7889; ng&#224;y/th&#225;ng c&#7847;n b&#7887; ra &#273;&#7875; thu h&#7891;i CAC tr&#234;n m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><h3>#3. &#7912;ng d&#7909;ng di &#273;&#7897;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</h3><p>M&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng di &#273;&#7897;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237;, nh&#432;ng ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n t&#7915; c&#225;c t&#237;nh n&#259;ng trong tr&#242; ch&#417;i ho&#7863;c qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y ngh&#297;a l&#224; c&#225;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng di &#273;&#7897;ng tr&#7843; ph&#237; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7897;p v&#224;o m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y. V&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng di &#273;&#7897;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237;, qu&#225; tr&#236;nh thu l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n s&#7869; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n do b&#7841;n &#273;ang ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237;.</p><p>C&#225;c metrics c&#7847;n &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng:</p><p>1. L&#432;&#7907;t t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng: c&#243; bao nhi&#234;u ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; t&#7843;i &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng.</p><p>2. T&#7927; l&#7879; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t (activation rate): t&#7927; l&#7879; % s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng, kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7897;ng n&#243; v&#224; t&#7841;o m&#7897;t t&#224;i kho&#7843;n.</p><p>3. Ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng: l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng h&#224;ng ng&#224;y (DAU) v&#224; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/monthly-active-users-chi-so-phan-anh-muc-do-thanh-cong-cua-cac-nen-tang-cong-nghe/">h&#224;ng th&#225;ng (MAU)</a>.</p><p>4. S&#7889; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n.</p><p>5. Churn rate: bao nhi&#234;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng g&#7905; c&#224;i &#273;&#7863;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng, ho&#7863;c ch&#7881; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian ng&#7855;n.</p><p>6. Chi ph&#237; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (CAC).</p><p>7. Th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n giao d&#7883;ch &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n: m&#7845;t bao l&#226;u &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n.</p><p>8. Gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (CLV).</p><p>9. T&#7927; l&#7879; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; (Ratings click-through): S&#7889; % ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; cho &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng.</p><p>10. Virality: m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; viral.</p><p>11. Doanh thu trung b&#236;nh tr&#234;n m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng (Average Revenue Per User &#8211; ARPU).</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; Marketing Analytics!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3>#4. Trang web truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng</h3><p>Media website l&#224; m&#7897;t trang web ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n b&#7857;ng qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o. V&#237; d&#7909;: Th&#7901;i b&#225;o New York, Bloomberg hay Vox Media. &#272;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n c&#226;n b&#7857;ng gi&#7919;a content v&#224; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg" width="979" height="575" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:575,&quot;width&quot;:979,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Nh&#7919;ng metrics c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253;:</p><p>1. L&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p &#273;&#7897;c nh&#7845;t (Unique visitors): t&#7893;ng s&#7889; kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p kh&#244;ng b&#7883; tr&#249;ng l&#7863;p cho m&#7895;i kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian.</p><p>2. <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/lam-the-nao-de-cai-thien-churn-rate-ty-le-khach-hang-roi-di/">Churn rate: T&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#225;ch r&#7901;i &#273;i</a>.</p><p>3. T&#7927; l&#7879; click cho m&#7895;i phi&#234;n truy c&#7853;p (Sessions to clicks ratio): t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919;a s&#7889; l&#7847;n ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c click v&#224;o trang web t&#7915; c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m ho&#7863;c ngu&#7891;n b&#234;n ngo&#224;i, so v&#7899;i m&#7897;t phi&#234;n truy c&#7853;p th&#7921;c t&#7871; khi kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i trang web.</p><p>4. Th&#7901;i gian t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c (engaged time): th&#7901;i gian kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng b&#7887; ra &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c n&#7897;i dung v&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i website.</p><p>5. S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o (Ad inventory): s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t xem trang c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng thu l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n.</p><p>6. T&#7927; l&#7879; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o (ho&#7863;c chi ph&#237; cho m&#7895;i l&#432;&#7907;t t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c) &#8211; Ad rates (cost per engagement).</p><p>7. <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/4-metrics-quan-trong-nhat-trong-email-marketing/">T&#7927; l&#7879; click (Click-through rate)</a>.</p><p>8. M&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; c&#226;n b&#7857;ng gi&#7919;a content v&#224; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o (Content/advertising balance).</p><h3>#5. N&#7873;n t&#7843;ng v&#7899;i content &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o b&#7903;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng</h3><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang l&#224;m m&#7897;t c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng, b&#7841;n s&#7869; hi&#7875;u c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#8220;user &#273;&#244;ng m&#224; kh&#244;ng ai n&#243;i g&#236;&#8221; n&#243; kh&#243; ch&#7883;u th&#7871; n&#224;o. &#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do Lean Analytics kh&#244;ng n&#243;i v&#7873; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, m&#224; n&#243;i v&#7873; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c trong c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng.</p><p>N&#7871;u doanh nghi&#7879;p b&#7841;n thu&#7897;c lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh n&#224;y, c&#7847;n &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7919;ng metrics sau:</p><p>1. S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c: t&#7847;n su&#7845;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng quay l&#7841;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><p>2. S&#7889; ng&#224;y trung b&#236;nh k&#7875; t&#7915; l&#7847;n truy c&#7853;p cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng: con s&#7889; n&#224;y c&#361;ng s&#7869; cung c&#7845;p cho b&#7841;n th&#244;ng tin v&#7873; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p. Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7855;t (v&#237; d&#7909;: 30 ng&#224;y) &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; tr&#249;ng v&#7899;i t&#7927; l&#7879; churn.</p><p>3. T&#7927; l&#7879; n&#7897;i dung &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o (Content creation): S&#7889; % kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i content theo m&#7897;t c&#225;ch n&#224;o &#273;&#243;, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; vi&#7871;t b&#224;i, b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n, upvote, th&#237;ch v&#224; chia s&#7867;.</p><p>4. L&#432;&#7907;t t&#7843;i content th&#224;nh c&#244;ng (Content upload success): % ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng t&#7843;i n&#7897;i dung c&#7911;a h&#7885; l&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i th&#224;nh c&#244;ng.</p><p>5. T&#7927; l&#7879; thay &#273;&#7893;i k&#234;nh tham gia (Engagement funnel changes): t&#7927; l&#7879; website c&#7911;a b&#7841;n gi&#250;p chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c cao h&#417;n.</p><p>6. Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a n&#7897;i dung &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o (Value of created content): nh&#7919;ng l&#7907;i &#237;ch m&#224; content &#273;em l&#7841;i cho doanh nghi&#7879;p. V&#237; d&#7909;: &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c di&#7877;n &#273;&#224;n th&#236; review l&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng, Facebook l&#224; kho qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o c&#242;n Pinterest l&#224; t&#7927; l&#7879; click tr&#234;n c&#225;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng link qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o hi&#7875;n th&#7883; tr&#234;n n&#7897;i dung &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o b&#7903;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng.</p><p>7. M&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; chia s&#7867; v&#224; lan truy&#7873;n n&#7897;i dung.</p><p>8. T&#237;nh hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a thanh th&#244;ng b&#225;o (Notification effectiveness): % ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng s&#7869; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7909; th&#7875; khi nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#244;ng b&#225;o t&#7915; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng.</p><h3>#6. N&#7873;n t&#7843;ng th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917; hai chi&#7873;u (Marketplace)</h3><p>Trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y, doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; ki&#7871;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7873;n khi ng&#432;&#7901;i mua v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n trao &#273;&#7893;i h&#224;ng ho&#225; v&#224; ti&#7873;n th&#244;ng qua n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng TM&#272;T. M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng v&#237; d&#7909; &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh: Shopee, eBay, Airbnb,.. M&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y kh&#225;c v&#7899;i m&#244; h&#236;nh #1 &#7903; ch&#7895;, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng s&#7869; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i mua b&#225;n, c&#242;n doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; m&#7897;t b&#234;n trung gian.</p><p>C&#225;c metrics t&#7915; m&#244; h&#236;nh #1 c&#361;ng s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#7903; m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y v&#236; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh giao d&#7883;ch l&#224; nh&#432; nhau. Ngo&#224;i ra, sau &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#224;i metrics &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng kh&#225;c:</p><p>1. M&#7913;c t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i mua v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n (Buyer and seller growth): t&#7927; l&#7879; doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;ang thu h&#250;t th&#234;m ng&#432;&#7901;i mua v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n m&#7899;i, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o b&#7857;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; quay l&#7841;i v&#224; s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c. V&#237; d&#7909;: m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n &#273;ang t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; &#273;&#259;ng b&#225;n h&#224;ng trong v&#242;ng 30 ng&#224;y.</p><p>2. M&#7913;c t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng h&#224;ng t&#7891;n kho (Inventory growth): t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n &#273;ang b&#7893; sung h&#224;ng h&#243;a.</p><p>3. &#272;&#7897; linh ho&#7841;t c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c t&#236;m ki&#7871;m (Search effectiveness): h&#227;y ki&#7875;m tra nh&#7919;ng g&#236; ng&#432;&#7901;i mua &#273;ang t&#236;m ki&#7871;m v&#224; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh xem li&#7879;u n&#243; c&#243; ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i danh s&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#7891;n kho m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;ang x&#226;y d&#7921;ng. Theo d&#245;i c&#225;c t&#7915; kh&#243;a kh&#244;ng cho ra k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#361;ng nh&#432; c&#225;c t&#7915; kh&#243;a th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#236;m ki&#7871;m.</p><p>4. K&#234;nh chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i (Conversion funnels): t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a c&#225;c m&#7863;t h&#224;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;n v&#224; nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n kh&#250;c ti&#7871;t l&#7897; l&#253; do ch&#250;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c mua. Theo d&#245;i % ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng h&#224;i l&#242;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;c giao d&#7883;ch.</p><p>5. X&#7871;p h&#7841;ng v&#224; nh&#7919;ng d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u c&#7911;a l&#7915;a &#273;&#7843;o: theo d&#245;i &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#224; x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i mua v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n, t&#236;m ki&#7871;m d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c l&#7915;a &#273;&#7843;o v&#224; n&#7897;i dung c&#7911;a c&#225;c b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n. Theo d&#245;i t&#7927; l&#7879; % c&#225;c t&#224;i kho&#7843;n b&#7883; g&#7855;n m&#225;c sai ph&#7841;m.</p><p>6. Metrics v&#7873; gi&#225; c&#7843;: li&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n &#273;ang &#273;&#7863;t gi&#225; qu&#225; cao ho&#7863;c &#273;ang ph&#225; gi&#225;.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/lean-analytics?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/lean-analytics?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/lean-analytics?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</h2><p>Lean Analytics kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; m&#7897;t cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch v&#7873; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889;. N&#243; gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, marketing hay v&#7853;n h&#224;nh hi&#7875;u r&#245; m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#7903; &#273;&#226;u, n&#234;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;, v&#224; l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; ng&#7853;p trong bi&#7875;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Hy v&#7885;ng n&#7897;i dung t&#243;m t&#7855;t n&#224;y s&#7869; l&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u gi&#250;p b&#7841;n nh&#236;n l&#7841;i c&#225;ch m&#236;nh &#273;ang theo d&#245;i, &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#224; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u. </p><p>S&#7903; h&#7919;u t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#244; c&#249;ng quan tr&#7885;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n &#8220;&#273;&#7885;c v&#7883;&#8221; lo&#7841;t insights v&#224; khai th&#225;c tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7915; l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham gia <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substacks&amp;utm_content=lean-analytics">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics</a></strong> c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers, &#273;&#7875; r&#232;n luy&#7879;n t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u qua nhi&#7873;u case study c&#7911;a &#273;a d&#7841;ng ng&#224;nh h&#224;ng, c&#249;ng c&#225;c Trainers nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m kinh nghi&#7879;m trong ngh&#7873; nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jKKu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F339be43a-bb72-4ae9-b361-39d78051875b_1665x697.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jKKu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F339be43a-bb72-4ae9-b361-39d78051875b_1665x697.jpeg" width="1456" height="610" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Làm thế nào để cải thiện Churn Rate (tỷ lệ khách hàng rời đi)?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Ch&#7881; nh&#236;n s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#7911;a Churn Rate th&#244;i ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911;, c&#7847;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#226;u nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n kh&#225;ch r&#7901;i &#273;i &#273;&#7875; t&#7853;p trung ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c &#273;&#250;ng ch&#7895;, thay v&#236; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng gi&#7843;m ch&#7881; s&#7889; m&#224; kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n.]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/cai-thien-churn-rate</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/cai-thien-churn-rate</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 28 May 2025 03:52:12 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78598696-c950-405c-a12c-6e7f533210bf_1920x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YCMa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F166c4678-9541-46d3-9ec4-e25595b319da_1003x601.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YCMa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F166c4678-9541-46d3-9ec4-e25595b319da_1003x601.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YCMa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F166c4678-9541-46d3-9ec4-e25595b319da_1003x601.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YCMa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F166c4678-9541-46d3-9ec4-e25595b319da_1003x601.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YCMa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F166c4678-9541-46d3-9ec4-e25595b319da_1003x601.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YCMa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F166c4678-9541-46d3-9ec4-e25595b319da_1003x601.jpeg" width="1003" height="601" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/166c4678-9541-46d3-9ec4-e25595b319da_1003x601.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:601,&quot;width&quot;:1003,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>L&#224;m marketing, m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng ngh&#297; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n nh&#236;n v&#224;o con s&#7889; churn rate t&#259;ng hay gi&#7843;m l&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. Nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; cho th&#7845;y, ch&#7881; d&#7921;a v&#224;o bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#244;i th&#236; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; v&#224; th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh sai l&#7847;m. Churn rate l&#224; m&#7897;t con s&#7889; t&#7893;ng qu&#225;t, n&#234;n &#273;&#7875; t&#7889;i &#432;u hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, m&#236;nh ph&#7843;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#226;u h&#417;n nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n &#273;&#7857;ng sau &#8212; t&#7841;i sao kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i, h&#7885; g&#7863;p v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; g&#236; trong tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m hay d&#7883;ch v&#7909;. Vi&#7879;c n&#224;y gi&#250;p t&#7853;p trung ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c &#273;&#250;ng ch&#7895;, thay v&#236; ch&#7881; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng gi&#7843;m churn b&#7857;ng m&#7885;i gi&#225; m&#224; kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u r&#245; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n ph&#237;a sau.</p><p>V&#7853;y churn rate th&#7921;c s&#7921; l&#224; g&#236;, v&#224; l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;n n&#243; th&#224;nh l&#7907;i th&#7871; trong marketing? &#272;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i h&#7885;c m&#236;nh r&#250;t ra sau nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, hy v&#7885;ng gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#243; c&#225;i nh&#236;n r&#245; h&#417;n v&#7873; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n &#273;&#7857;ng sau m&#7895;i con s&#7889; nha!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>&#272;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a v&#224; c&#225;ch t&#237;nh Churn Rate</strong></h2><p>Churn rate, t&#7841;m d&#7883;ch l&#224; t&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i, l&#224; t&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ng&#7915;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ho&#7863;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909;. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty c&#243; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u l&#224; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng (&#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o b&#7857;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i) ph&#7843;i l&#7899;n h&#417;n churn rate.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WjqA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8387127-5040-4a99-b4ff-d6dcf86299f7_1118x422.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WjqA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8387127-5040-4a99-b4ff-d6dcf86299f7_1118x422.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WjqA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8387127-5040-4a99-b4ff-d6dcf86299f7_1118x422.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WjqA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8387127-5040-4a99-b4ff-d6dcf86299f7_1118x422.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WjqA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8387127-5040-4a99-b4ff-d6dcf86299f7_1118x422.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WjqA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8387127-5040-4a99-b4ff-d6dcf86299f7_1118x422.png" width="1118" height="422" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e8387127-5040-4a99-b4ff-d6dcf86299f7_1118x422.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:422,&quot;width&quot;:1118,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WjqA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8387127-5040-4a99-b4ff-d6dcf86299f7_1118x422.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WjqA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8387127-5040-4a99-b4ff-d6dcf86299f7_1118x422.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WjqA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8387127-5040-4a99-b4ff-d6dcf86299f7_1118x422.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WjqA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe8387127-5040-4a99-b4ff-d6dcf86299f7_1118x422.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7875; t&#237;nh churn rate:</p><ul><li><p>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian c&#7847;n &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian n&#224;y (bao g&#7891;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ban &#273;&#7847;u l&#7851;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i).</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i trong kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian n&#224;y (c&#243; th&#7875; l&#7845;y s&#7889; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u giai &#273;o&#7841;n tr&#7915; &#273;i s&#7889; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#7903; cu&#7889;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n).</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Chia s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i cho s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Nh&#226;n k&#7871;t qu&#7843; v&#7899;i 100%.</p></li></ul><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, m&#7897;t n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; thu h&#250;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 30,600 kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trong v&#242;ng 1 th&#225;ng g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y, bao g&#7891;m 30,000 kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#361; t&#237;nh &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7847;u th&#225;ng, v&#224; 600 kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i trong kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian 1 th&#225;ng &#273;&#243;. B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng n&#224;y c&#361;ng m&#7845;t &#273;i 150 kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng do h&#7871;t th&#7901;i h&#7841;n &#273;&#259;ng k&#253;. V&#7853;y, churn rate c&#7911;a &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng trong v&#242;ng 1 th&#225;ng g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y s&#7869; l&#224;: [150 &#247; (30000 + 600)] x 100 = 0.49 %.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!44gf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78598696-c950-405c-a12c-6e7f533210bf_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!44gf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78598696-c950-405c-a12c-6e7f533210bf_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!44gf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78598696-c950-405c-a12c-6e7f533210bf_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!44gf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78598696-c950-405c-a12c-6e7f533210bf_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!44gf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78598696-c950-405c-a12c-6e7f533210bf_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!44gf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78598696-c950-405c-a12c-6e7f533210bf_1920x1080.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/78598696-c950-405c-a12c-6e7f533210bf_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!44gf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78598696-c950-405c-a12c-6e7f533210bf_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!44gf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78598696-c950-405c-a12c-6e7f533210bf_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!44gf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78598696-c950-405c-a12c-6e7f533210bf_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!44gf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78598696-c950-405c-a12c-6e7f533210bf_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>T&#237;nh &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng c&#7911;a churn rate</strong></h2><p>Tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;, churn rate th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875;:</p><ul><li><p>&#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e v&#224; tri&#7875;n v&#7885;ng d&#224;i h&#7841;n c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty</p></li><li><p>Xem x&#233;t <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/tang-ty-le-giu-chan-khach-hang-customer-retention-rate-the-nao/">t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (retention rate) </a>c&#243; &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n hay kh&#244;ng</p></li><li><p>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c thay &#273;&#7893;i g&#226;y &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng x&#7845;u &#273;&#7871;n t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</p></li><li><p>T&#237;nh <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/cach-do-luong-va-tang-gia-tri-vong-doi-khach-hang/">gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</a></p></li><li><p>T&#236;m ra t&#7879;p kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t v&#7899;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n</p></li><li><p>D&#7921; b&#225;o hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty</p></li></ul><p>Ch&#7881; s&#7889; churn rate cao c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng x&#7845;u &#273;&#7871;n l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n v&#224; c&#7843;n tr&#7903; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng. M&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty c&#243; th&#7875; so s&#225;nh t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224; t&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh t&#236;nh h&#236;nh c&#244;ng ty. Trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y, t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng (growth rate) bi&#7875;u hi&#7879;n l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i.</p><ul><li><p>N&#7871;u growth rate &gt; churn rate, c&#244;ng ty &#273;ang tr&#234;n &#273;&#224; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng.</p></li><li><p>N&#7871;u growth rate &lt; churn rate, l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty &#273;ang theo &#273;&#224; &#273;i xu&#7889;ng.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u churn rate</strong></h2><p>M&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a m&#7885;i doanh nghi&#7879;p l&#224; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#224;ng t&#7889;t, v&#236; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh. V&#7853;y, l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m churn rate?</p><h3><strong>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n g&#7889;c r&#7877; &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n d&#7883;ch v&#7909; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#244;i khi, vi&#7879;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u kh&#244;ng th&#7875; tr&#225;nh kh&#7887;i. B&#7841;n h&#227;y s&#7917; d&#7909;ng churn rate nh&#432; m&#7897;t c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u v&#224;o l&#253; do khi&#7871;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; ngh&#297; ra gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p &#273;&#7875; ng&#259;n ch&#7863;n c&#225;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng kh&#225;c ng&#7915;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#236; l&#253; do t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;.</p><p><strong>Case Study:</strong> C&#244;ng ty T, m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty d&#7883;ch v&#7909; &#273;i&#7879;n, &#273;&#227; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng trong vi&#7879;c mang l&#7841;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u danh m&#7909;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909; v&#224; l&#7901;i h&#7913;a c&#243; m&#7913;c ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m cao h&#417;n so v&#7899;i &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, churn rate c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty l&#7841;i &#273;&#7841;t g&#7847;n 5% &#8211; m&#7897;t m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; nguy hi&#7875;m, c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#224;m gi&#7843;m hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#225;c n&#7895; l&#7921;c thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i.</p><p>C&#244;ng ty T quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u nh&#7857;m t&#236;m ra l&#253; do x&#7843;y ra con s&#7889; 5% &#273;&#243;. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; cho th&#7845;y, h&#7847;u h&#7871;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#7873;u ng&#7915;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng d&#7883;ch v&#7909; b&#7903;i c&#244;ng ty ch&#432;a &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng &#273;&#7911; nh&#7919;ng l&#7901;i h&#7913;a &#273;&#7873; ra trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n b&#225;n h&#224;ng ban &#273;&#7847;u, khi&#7871;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng kh&#244;ng h&#224;i l&#242;ng. &#272;&#7875; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y, c&#244;ng ty T &#273;&#227; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;ch th&#7913;c truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7889;t l&#245;i c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty (value proposition) v&#224; d&#7883;ch v&#7909; ch&#259;m s&#243;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. &#272;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i, c&#244;ng ty c&#361;ng b&#7893; sung c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh khuy&#7871;n m&#227;i. Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, t&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng duy tr&#236; d&#7883;ch v&#7909; t&#259;ng g&#7847;n 20%, t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng v&#7899;i doanh thu g&#7847;n 10 tri&#7879;u &#273;&#244; la m&#7895;i n&#259;m.</p><h3><strong>Th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n quy tr&#236;nh onboarding th&#237;ch h&#7907;p</strong></h3><p>Doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;m kh&#7843; n&#259;ng m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch ng&#259;n ch&#7863;n &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; ngay t&#7915; gi&#226;y ph&#250;t h&#7885; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng d&#7883;ch v&#7909;, th&#244;ng qua m&#7897;t quy tr&#236;nh onboarding h&#7907;p l&#253;. Onboarding, t&#7841;m d&#7883;ch l&#224; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n nh&#7853;p m&#244;n, l&#224; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m cho kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o r&#7857;ng h&#7885; n&#7855;m r&#245; c&#225;c nguy&#234;n l&#253; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng. &#272;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; m&#7897;t email ch&#224;o m&#7915;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i mang t&#237;nh c&#225; nh&#226;n ho&#225;, video h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n tr&#7921;c tuy&#7871;n 1:1 hay t&#7841;o content gi&#225;o d&#7909;c tr&#234;n blog &#273;&#7875; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#224; ch&#7881; cho h&#7885; c&#225;ch nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7889;i &#432;u t&#7915; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ho&#7863;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><p><strong>Case Study:</strong> Bingo Card Creator l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; gi&#225;o vi&#234;n ti&#7875;u h&#7885;c t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c d&#7909;ng c&#7909; h&#7885;c t&#7853;p trong l&#7899;p. Tuy nhi&#234;n, t&#7927; l&#7879; ng&#7915;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m &#7903; giai &#273;o&#7841;n truy c&#7853;p v&#224; th&#7921;c s&#7921; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng l&#234;n &#273;&#7871;n kho&#7843;ng 5%, m&#7863;c d&#249; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; r&#7845;t &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n v&#224; d&#7877; d&#249;ng.</p><p>Nh&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh &#273;&#432;a ra gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t r&#7857;ng nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng cho r&#7857;ng qu&#225; tr&#236;nh n&#224;y qu&#225; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p, n&#234;n &#273;&#227; kh&#244;ng di chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;p theo. V&#236; v&#7853;y, c&#244;ng ty &#273;&#227; th&#234;m m&#7897;t thanh hi&#7875;n th&#7883; ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh tr&#234;n trang web. H&#417;n n&#7919;a, gi&#225;o vi&#234;n c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cung c&#7845;p th&#234;m l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n di chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7871;n b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;p theo m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#224;i &#273;&#7863;t m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh, nh&#7901; &#273;&#243;, gi&#250;p t&#259;ng t&#7889;c qu&#225; tr&#236;nh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5D!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F11bd2260-a531-4b1e-ac0c-18166ca5b9e6_953x419.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5D!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F11bd2260-a531-4b1e-ac0c-18166ca5b9e6_953x419.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5D!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F11bd2260-a531-4b1e-ac0c-18166ca5b9e6_953x419.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5D!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F11bd2260-a531-4b1e-ac0c-18166ca5b9e6_953x419.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F11bd2260-a531-4b1e-ac0c-18166ca5b9e6_953x419.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F11bd2260-a531-4b1e-ac0c-18166ca5b9e6_953x419.jpeg" width="953" height="419" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/11bd2260-a531-4b1e-ac0c-18166ca5b9e6_953x419.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:419,&quot;width&quot;:953,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5D!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F11bd2260-a531-4b1e-ac0c-18166ca5b9e6_953x419.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5D!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F11bd2260-a531-4b1e-ac0c-18166ca5b9e6_953x419.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5D!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F11bd2260-a531-4b1e-ac0c-18166ca5b9e6_953x419.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Q5D!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F11bd2260-a531-4b1e-ac0c-18166ca5b9e6_953x419.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i nh&#7887; n&#224;y c&#243; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng r&#7845;t l&#7899;n. Trong khi tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; ch&#7881; c&#243; 82% ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ho&#224;n th&#224;nh b&#432;&#7899;c t&#249;y ch&#7881;nh, sau khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n thay &#273;&#7893;i, g&#7847;n 90% &#273;&#227; ho&#224;n th&#224;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng d&#7883;ch v&#7909;.</p><h3><strong>&#272;&#7847;u t&#432; v&#224;o &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o &#273;&#7897;i sales v&#224; h&#7895; tr&#7907; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#7897;i sales n&#234;n trung th&#7921;c qu&#7843;ng b&#225; gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7921;c c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ho&#7863;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909; &#273;&#7875; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng kh&#244;ng nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#244;ng tin sai l&#7879;ch, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; ng&#7915;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m. Ngo&#224;i ra, nh&#226;n vi&#234;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trang b&#7883; t&#7889;t &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t m&#7885;i v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; x&#7843;y ra nh&#7857;m &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o s&#7921; h&#224;i l&#242;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. &#272;&#7847;u t&#432; v&#224;o quy tr&#236;nh v&#224; ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c cho hai b&#7897; ph&#7853;n n&#224;y s&#7869; c&#243; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7841;nh m&#7869; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i</p><p><strong>Case Study: </strong>Zappos &#8211; m&#7897;t n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917; &#8211; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7869; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; v&#224;o b&#7897; ph&#7853;n CSKH qua &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i. Quy t&#7855;c c&#7911;a h&#7885; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#226;n vi&#234;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng l&#224; kh&#244;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng k&#7883;ch b&#7843;n c&#243; s&#7861;n, c&#361;ng nh&#432; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ho&#224;n th&#224;nh cu&#7897;c g&#7885;i trong th&#7901;i gian ng&#7855;n nh&#7845;t. &#272;&#7875; cung c&#7845;p tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#237;ch c&#7921;c, v&#7889;n l&#224; trung t&#226;m c&#7911;a m&#7885;i ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng, Zappos quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; cung c&#7845;p &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o k&#7929; n&#259;ng th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng m&#224; c&#242;n:</p><ul><li><p>Cung c&#7845;p &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o cho nh&#226;n vi&#234;n c&#225;c kh&#243;a h&#7885;c t&#226;m l&#253; v&#7873; h&#7841;nh ph&#250;c, c&#225;ch &#273;em &#273;&#7871;n c&#7843;m gi&#225;c t&#237;ch c&#7921;c cho kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng,..</p></li><li><p>Trao l&#432;&#417;ng th&#432;&#7903;ng cho nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7841;i l&#253; c&#243; t&#7927; l&#7879; feedback t&#237;ch c&#7921;c nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t v&#224; t&#7893; ch&#7913;c &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o b&#7893; sung cho nh&#7919;ng chi nh&#225;nh kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#7927; l&#7879; cao.</p></li></ul><p>Nh&#7901; &#273;&#243;, c&#244;ng ty thu h&#250;t r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#244;ng qua ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p truy&#7873;n mi&#7879;ng (word-of-mouth). Trong s&#7889; c&#225;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a Zappos, h&#417;n 75% l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i mua l&#7863;p l&#7841;i.</p><h3><strong>Thu th&#7853;p ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#7841;i c&#225;c th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m quan tr&#7885;ng</strong></h3><p>N&#7871;u &#273;&#227; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; th&#7875; r&#7901;i &#273;i n&#7871;u h&#7885; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#259;ng nh&#7853;p v&#224;o d&#7883;ch v&#7909; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n sau m&#7895;i 15 ng&#224;y, h&#227;y y&#234;u c&#7847;u h&#7885; ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i v&#224;o kho&#7843;ng ng&#224;y th&#7913; 10 v&#224; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng thu h&#250;t h&#7885; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng l&#7841;i d&#7883;ch v&#7909;. N&#7871;u h&#7885; &#273;&#227; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n sau m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian c&#7909; th&#7875; (1 n&#259;m, 1 th&#225;ng), h&#227;y th&#244;ng b&#225;o cho h&#7885; bi&#7871;t v&#224; thu th&#7853;p feedback ngay th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#243;. Ch&#7881; ra nh&#7919;ng kho&#7843;nh kh&#7855;c quan tr&#7885;ng v&#224; y&#234;u c&#7847;u ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i t&#7841;i c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m ti&#7871;p x&#250;c &#273;&#243; s&#7869; gi&#250;p c&#7911;ng c&#7889; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; v&#7899;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><h3><strong>Ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng giao ti&#7871;p v&#7899;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</strong></h3><p>X&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; v&#7899;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch ch&#7911; &#273;&#7897;ng li&#234;n l&#7841;c v&#7899;i h&#7885; &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7889;i t&#225;c &#273;&#225;ng tin c&#7853;y. Ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#7899;i n&#7897;i dung m&#224; h&#7885; s&#7869; th&#7845;y th&#250; v&#7883; ho&#7863;c h&#7919;u &#237;ch, k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#224; tham gia c&#249;ng h&#7885; tr&#234;n ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i. T&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u tr&#234;n s&#7869; khi&#7871;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7843;m th&#7845;y h&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o b&#7841;n &#8211; t&#7915; &#273;&#243;, h&#7885; s&#7869; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; r&#7901;i &#273;i.</p><h2><strong>M&#7897;t v&#224;i &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; kh&#225;c</strong></h2><p>M&#7897;t churn rate t&#7889;t s&#7869; n&#7857;m &#7903; m&#7913;c th&#7845;p, kho&#7843;ng 2%. T&#7927; l&#7879; r&#7901;i trung b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng dao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; 2% &#8211; 8%. Theo &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty, c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty th&#224;nh l&#7853;p tr&#234;n 10 n&#259;m th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; t&#7927; l&#7879; 2-4%, trong khi c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty tr&#7867; h&#417;n dao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; 4%-24%.</p><p>T&#7927; l&#7879; r&#7901;i &#273;i s&#7869; &#226;m khi doanh thu t&#259;ng th&#234;m t&#7915; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i v&#432;&#7907;t qu&#225; doanh thu b&#7883; m&#7845;t t&#7915; &#8203;&#8203;kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i. Churn &#226;m th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#226;y ra b&#7903;i c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng nh&#432; n&#226;ng c&#7845;p s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, b&#7893; sung t&#249;y ch&#7885;n d&#7883;ch v&#7909;, b&#7893; sung c&#225;c ti&#7879;n &#237;ch m&#7899;i, v.v.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/cai-thien-churn-rate?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/cai-thien-churn-rate?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/cai-thien-churn-rate?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h3><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h3><p>Hi&#7875;u r&#245; Churn Rate c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p v&#224; t&#236;m ra nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n g&#7889;c r&#7877; &#273;&#7857;ng sau m&#7897;t t&#7927; l&#7879; r&#7901;i &#273;i cao l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u m&#224; c&#225;c Marketer c&#7847;n n&#7855;m r&#245;, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang ph&#7843;i ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i h&#224;ng lo&#7841;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, m&#224; ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng ch&#250;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m Insights ph&#7909;c v&#7909; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c v&#224; ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c, &#273;&#7915;ng b&#7887; l&#7905; <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=data_analysis&amp;utm_content=churn-rate">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics</a></strong> c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketes nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=data_analysis&amp;utm_content=churn-rate" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nDE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba1d47e9-284c-463d-9fbc-5fa3382cb306_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nDE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba1d47e9-284c-463d-9fbc-5fa3382cb306_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nDE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba1d47e9-284c-463d-9fbc-5fa3382cb306_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nDE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba1d47e9-284c-463d-9fbc-5fa3382cb306_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nDE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba1d47e9-284c-463d-9fbc-5fa3382cb306_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nDE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba1d47e9-284c-463d-9fbc-5fa3382cb306_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0nDE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba1d47e9-284c-463d-9fbc-5fa3382cb306_1665x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Tăng tỷ lệ giữ chân khách hàng (Customer Retention Rate) thế nào?]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#8220;Ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n nhi&#7873;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua m&#7897;t l&#7847;n, ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n.&#8221; V&#7853;y l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c duy tr&#236; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng? &#272;&#243; l&#224; d&#7921;a v&#224;o t&#7927; l&#7879; duy tr&#236; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng Customer Retention. H&#227;y c&#249;ng t&#236;m hi&#7875;u trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y nha]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/customer-retention-rate</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/customer-retention-rate</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 21 May 2025 04:04:26 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d7adc0dc-df12-4f08-b5db-c503e2d0739b_1366x768.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YAjU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6140889-b1e6-4b3e-a866-aff95b38785e_2560x1707.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YAjU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6140889-b1e6-4b3e-a866-aff95b38785e_2560x1707.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YAjU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6140889-b1e6-4b3e-a866-aff95b38785e_2560x1707.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YAjU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6140889-b1e6-4b3e-a866-aff95b38785e_2560x1707.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YAjU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6140889-b1e6-4b3e-a866-aff95b38785e_2560x1707.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YAjU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6140889-b1e6-4b3e-a866-aff95b38785e_2560x1707.jpeg" width="1456" height="971" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e6140889-b1e6-4b3e-a866-aff95b38785e_2560x1707.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" 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stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#8220;Ch&#250;ng ta kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n nhi&#7873;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua m&#7897;t l&#7847;n, ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n.&#8221; &#272;&#243; l&#224; c&#226;u kh&#7849;u hi&#7879;u quen thu&#7897;c c&#7911;a r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u doanh nghi&#7879;p khi b&#225;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ho&#7863;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909;. Gi&#7919; ch&#226;n hay duy tr&#236; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (Customer Retention) l&#224; vi&#7879;c c&#244;ng ty ng&#259;n ch&#7863;n vi&#7879;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng b&#7887; &#273;i, <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/ven-buc-man-bi-an-ve-khach-hang-trung-thanh/">duy tr&#236; v&#224; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trung th&#224;nh</a>. V&#7853;y l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c duy tr&#236; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng? &#272;&#243; l&#224; d&#7921;a v&#224;o t&#7927; l&#7879; duy tr&#236; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng Customer Retention. H&#227;y c&#249;ng t&#236;m hi&#7875;u c&#225;ch &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch t&#259;ng v&#224; t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a t&#7927; l&#7879; &#273;&#243;.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng Customer Retention?</strong></h2><p>T&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng s&#7889; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#7903; cu&#7889;i k&#7923;, tr&#7915; s&#7889; kh&#225;ch m&#7899;i, chia cho s&#7889; kh&#225;ch &#273;&#7847;u k&#7923;. &#272;&#7889;i l&#7853;p l&#224; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/lam-the-nao-de-cai-thien-churn-rate-ty-le-khach-hang-roi-di/">t&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i b&#7887; (customer churn rate)</a> &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng bao nhi&#234;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i b&#7887; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/d&#7883;ch v&#7909; trong m&#7897;t th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5TSi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e85a3-8cff-4370-8060-1b8e0bb39879_1740x190.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5TSi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e85a3-8cff-4370-8060-1b8e0bb39879_1740x190.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5TSi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e85a3-8cff-4370-8060-1b8e0bb39879_1740x190.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5TSi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e85a3-8cff-4370-8060-1b8e0bb39879_1740x190.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5TSi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e85a3-8cff-4370-8060-1b8e0bb39879_1740x190.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5TSi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e85a3-8cff-4370-8060-1b8e0bb39879_1740x190.png" width="1456" height="159" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0a9e85a3-8cff-4370-8060-1b8e0bb39879_1740x190.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:159,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5TSi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e85a3-8cff-4370-8060-1b8e0bb39879_1740x190.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5TSi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e85a3-8cff-4370-8060-1b8e0bb39879_1740x190.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5TSi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e85a3-8cff-4370-8060-1b8e0bb39879_1740x190.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5TSi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0a9e85a3-8cff-4370-8060-1b8e0bb39879_1740x190.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#193;p d&#7909;ng c&#244;ng th&#7913;c n&#224;y, n&#7871;u doanh nghi&#7879;p b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u m&#7897;t th&#225;ng v&#7899;i 500 kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#224; m&#7845;t 40 nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i c&#243; th&#234;m 80 kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, &#273;&#7871;n cu&#7889;i th&#225;ng h&#7885; c&#243; 540 kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. T&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (retention rate) cho th&#225;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; (540-80)/500 = 92%</p><h2><strong>C&#7843;i thi&#7879;n Customer Retention v&#7899;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</strong></h2><h3><strong>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</strong></h3><h4><strong>C&#243; c&#225;i nh&#236;n t&#7893;ng quan v&#7873; c&#7843; h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh (Journey-based view) thay v&#236; ch&#7881; nh&#236;n v&#224;o &#273;i&#7875;m cu&#7889;i c&#7911;a h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (Last-Click View)</strong></h4><p>B&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c v&#7869; ra h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch to&#224;n di&#7879;n tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7871;n cu&#7889;i d&#7921;a tr&#234;n g&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng kh&#225;c nhau s&#7869; c&#243; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m kh&#225;c nhau, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#236;n v&#224;o t&#7915;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i, v&#7899;i v&#244; s&#7889; ki&#7875;u bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/d&#7883;ch v&#7909; v&#224; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a h&#7885; t&#7915; &#273;&#243;. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng s&#7869; ch&#7881; quan t&#226;m &#273;&#7871;n &#273;i&#7875;m cu&#7889;i trong h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh &#8211; mua h&#224;ng v&#224; thanh to&#225;n, nh&#432;ng vi&#7879;c b&#225;n h&#224;ng hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i c&#242;n c&#7847;n quan t&#226;m &#273;&#7871;n to&#224;n b&#7897; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m v&#224; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; l&#226;u d&#224;i gi&#7919;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, d&#7883;ch v&#7909;. V&#236; th&#7871;, &#273;&#7875; kh&#225;m ph&#225; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n g&#7889;c r&#7877; c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c m&#7845;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n xem x&#233;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh.</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; CE c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n t&#7927; l&#7879; r&#7901;i b&#7887; trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nwyw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd4de730-11cc-43b7-9350-c3c679af20b6_768x633.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nwyw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd4de730-11cc-43b7-9350-c3c679af20b6_768x633.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nwyw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd4de730-11cc-43b7-9350-c3c679af20b6_768x633.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nwyw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd4de730-11cc-43b7-9350-c3c679af20b6_768x633.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nwyw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd4de730-11cc-43b7-9350-c3c679af20b6_768x633.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nwyw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd4de730-11cc-43b7-9350-c3c679af20b6_768x633.png" width="768" height="633" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cd4de730-11cc-43b7-9350-c3c679af20b6_768x633.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:633,&quot;width&quot;:768,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nwyw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd4de730-11cc-43b7-9350-c3c679af20b6_768x633.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nwyw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd4de730-11cc-43b7-9350-c3c679af20b6_768x633.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nwyw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd4de730-11cc-43b7-9350-c3c679af20b6_768x633.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nwyw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcd4de730-11cc-43b7-9350-c3c679af20b6_768x633.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch tr&#234;n, h&#7885; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra r&#7857;ng trong khi l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t g&#7863;p ph&#7843;i c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#7873; thanh to&#225;n v&#224; truy&#7873;n h&#236;nh, th&#236; c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n internet th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;ang khi&#7871;n s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#224;i kho&#7843;n b&#7883; &#273;&#243;ng nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t v&#224; ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m v&#7873; vi&#7879;c m&#7845;t doanh thu l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t. Nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng g&#7863;p v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#7873; internet d&#7877; g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n v&#224; r&#7901;i b&#7887; v&#7899;i t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; cao nh&#7845;t.</p><p>T&#7915; &#273;&#243;, nh&#243;m CX c&#244; l&#7853;p hai v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n internet c&#7909; th&#7875; c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c r&#7901;i b&#7887; v&#224; &#432;u ti&#234;n m&#7897;t s&#225;ng ki&#7871;n &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t ch&#250;ng.</p><p>H&#7885; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n r&#7857;ng s&#225;ng ki&#7871;n n&#224;y s&#7869; l&#224;m gi&#7843;m t&#7927; l&#7879; r&#7901;i b&#7887; c&#7911;a h&#7885; xu&#7889;ng kho&#7843;ng 2,0%, ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m cho c&#244;ng ty kho&#7843;ng 1,8 tri&#7879;u &#273;&#244; la doanh thu b&#7883; m&#7845;t trong 12 th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n sau khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p.</p><h4><strong>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#224;nh vi &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n t&#7927; l&#7879; duy tr&#236; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</strong></h4><p>B&#234;n c&#7841;nh vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng d&#7921;a tr&#234;n h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh mua h&#224;ng c&#7911;a h&#7885;, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#7873; h&#224;nh vi, v&#237; d&#7909; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; chia kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#224;nh c&#225;c nh&#243;m nh&#432; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:</p><ul><li><p>Theo h&#224;nh vi chi tr&#7843; (Purchasing behavior): C&#225;ch kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;i &#273;&#7871;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh mua h&#224;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o? Qu&#225; tr&#236;nh mua h&#224;ng c&#243; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p? Nh&#7919;ng c&#7843;n tr&#7903; trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh mua h&#224;ng? H&#224;nh vi n&#224;o c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n v&#7873; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh mua h&#224;ng?</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>Theo Decision Tree &#8211; &#431;u ti&#234;n v&#7873; l&#7907;i &#237;ch/ t&#237;nh n&#259;ng (Benefits sought): Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#432;u ti&#234;n t&#237;nh n&#259;ng n&#224;o c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m h&#417;n c&#7843;: Gi&#225;, ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u, xu h&#432;&#7899;ng?</p></li><li><p>&#8230;</p></li></ul><p>V&#237; d&#7909; v&#7899;i c&#244;ng ty th&#7901;i trang, vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng d&#7921;a tr&#234;n &#432;u ti&#234;n v&#7873; l&#7907;i &#237;ch/t&#237;nh n&#259;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m: gi&#225; c&#7843;, ch&#7845;t li&#7879;u, &#273;&#7897; ti&#7879;n d&#7909;ng hay xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, s&#7869; gi&#250;p nh&#236;n r&#245; insights c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#224; l&#253; do kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#7903; l&#7841;i v&#7899;i th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u. T&#7915; &#273;&#243;, c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t &#273;&#7871;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng nh&#7919;ng n&#7897;i dung c&#361;ng nh&#432; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh mang t&#237;nh c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a h&#417;n, t&#259;ng c&#417; h&#7897;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua l&#7841;i. Ho&#7863;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c theo c&#225;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; th&#243;i quen mua h&#224;ng t&#7841;i c&#7917;a h&#224;ng v&#224; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua tr&#234;n website b&#225;n h&#224;ng c&#361;ng s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n nh&#7855;m &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7889;t h&#417;n cho marketing &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><h4><strong>Li&#234;n t&#7909;c theo d&#245;i &#273;&#7897; h&#224;i l&#242;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (Customer Satisfaction) trong su&#7889;t c&#7843; h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh</strong></h4><p>&#272;&#7875; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; h&#224;i l&#242;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, c&#225;c doanh nghi&#7879;p th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng 3 lo&#7841;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; sau:</p><ul><li><p>CSAT (Customer Satisfaction Score): Ch&#7881; s&#7889; h&#224;i l&#242;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. Th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#7873; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, d&#7883;ch v&#7909; ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7909; th&#7875;.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8i9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa34cdced-f17d-4d27-bd75-1a3087928ab4_600x250.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8i9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa34cdced-f17d-4d27-bd75-1a3087928ab4_600x250.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8i9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa34cdced-f17d-4d27-bd75-1a3087928ab4_600x250.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8i9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa34cdced-f17d-4d27-bd75-1a3087928ab4_600x250.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8i9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa34cdced-f17d-4d27-bd75-1a3087928ab4_600x250.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8i9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa34cdced-f17d-4d27-bd75-1a3087928ab4_600x250.png" width="600" height="250" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a34cdced-f17d-4d27-bd75-1a3087928ab4_600x250.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:250,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8i9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa34cdced-f17d-4d27-bd75-1a3087928ab4_600x250.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8i9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa34cdced-f17d-4d27-bd75-1a3087928ab4_600x250.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8i9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa34cdced-f17d-4d27-bd75-1a3087928ab4_600x250.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e8i9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa34cdced-f17d-4d27-bd75-1a3087928ab4_600x250.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><ul><li><p>NPS (Net Promoter Score): NPS th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7875; hi&#7879;n qua c&#225;c b&#7843;ng h&#7887;i v&#224; t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng c&#244;ng th&#7913;c d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JYji!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff54acc-0ed1-46da-8ae9-978713841296_800x300.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JYji!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff54acc-0ed1-46da-8ae9-978713841296_800x300.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JYji!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff54acc-0ed1-46da-8ae9-978713841296_800x300.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JYji!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff54acc-0ed1-46da-8ae9-978713841296_800x300.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JYji!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff54acc-0ed1-46da-8ae9-978713841296_800x300.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JYji!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff54acc-0ed1-46da-8ae9-978713841296_800x300.png" width="800" height="300" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/aff54acc-0ed1-46da-8ae9-978713841296_800x300.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:300,&quot;width&quot;:800,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JYji!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff54acc-0ed1-46da-8ae9-978713841296_800x300.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JYji!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff54acc-0ed1-46da-8ae9-978713841296_800x300.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JYji!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff54acc-0ed1-46da-8ae9-978713841296_800x300.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JYji!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faff54acc-0ed1-46da-8ae9-978713841296_800x300.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><ol><li><p>T&#7915; 9 &#8211; 10 &#273;i&#7875;m: Promoters &#8211; l&#224; nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng h&#224;i l&#242;ng v&#7899;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#224; s&#7869; mua l&#7841;i c&#361;ng nh&#432; gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u &#273;&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i quen s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m n&#224;y.</p></li><li><p>T&#7915; 7 &#8211; 8 &#273;i&#7875;m: Passives &#8211; thu&#7897;c nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7921; trung th&#224;nh &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m. H&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i n&#7871;u c&#7843;m th&#7845;y s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#225;c c&#243; l&#7907;i h&#417;n.</p></li><li><p>T&#7915; 0 &#8211; 6 &#273;i&#7875;m: Detractors bao g&#7891;m nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; th&#225;i &#273;&#7897; ph&#7843;n c&#7843;m &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i doanh nghi&#7879;p. H&#7885; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; th&#7845;p ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#224; khi&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n b&#7887; &#273;i.</p></li></ol><ul><li><p>CES (Customer Effort Score): Ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#7895; l&#7921;c c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. T&#236;m ra &#273;i&#7873;u g&#226;y tr&#7903; ng&#7841;i cho kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng tr&#234;n h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. Thang &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; t&#7915; 1 (r&#7845;t kh&#243;) &#273;&#7871;n 7 (r&#7845;t d&#7877;).</p></li></ul><p>T&#7841;i m&#7895;i m&#7897;t ch&#7863;ng tr&#234;n h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ho&#7863;c m&#7895;i touchpoint, doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh xem &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; y&#7871;u t&#7889; g&#236;, v&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889;, c&#226;u h&#7887;i ph&#249; h&#7907;p.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: T&#7841;i ph&#242;ng giao d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a ng&#226;n h&#224;ng. Do t&#237;nh y&#234;u c&#7847;u cao &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i m&#7895;i giao d&#7883;ch vi&#234;n, tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7895;i qu&#7847;y giao d&#7883;ch s&#7869; c&#7847;n &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#7873; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m t&#7841;i &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;y. B&#234;n c&#7841;nh tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i giao d&#7883;ch vi&#234;n, kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng s&#7869; c&#243; c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m ti&#7871;p x&#250;c kh&#225;c, nh&#432; v&#7853;y doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n tri&#7875;n khai th&#234;m m&#225;y &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; t&#7841;i khu v&#7921;c gh&#7871; ch&#7901; ho&#7863;c c&#7841;nh c&#7917;a ra v&#7873;.</p><p>Khi &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#224; n&#7855;m r&#245; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; h&#224;i l&#242;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng tr&#234;n m&#7885;i b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;i c&#7911;a h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t, gi&#250;p t&#259;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; duy tr&#236; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay &#273;&#7875; kh&#225;m ph&#225; th&#234;m ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; Marketing Analytics nh&#233;!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h4><strong>X&#226;y d&#7921;ng ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#7875; k&#237;ch th&#237;ch s&#7921; trung th&#224;nh</strong></h4><p>&#272;&#7875; n&#7893;i b&#7853;t trong th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ng&#224;y nay, n&#417;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng tr&#224;n ng&#7853;p &#432;u &#273;&#227;i, h&#227;y l&#224;m ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/bi-mat-dang-sau-cac-chuong-trinh-the-tich-diem-the-khach-hang-than-thiet/">kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#226;n thi&#7871;t</a> c&#7911;a b&#7841;n kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c ph&#7847;n th&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7897;c &#273;&#225;o v&#224; c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; th&#7913; g&#236; &#273;&#243; mi&#7877;n ph&#237; m&#224; c&#242;n c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#7897;i t&#7841;i trong cu&#7897;c s&#7889;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jFuw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffec64190-bba7-4443-b5ac-8f60925788a2_700x400.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jFuw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffec64190-bba7-4443-b5ac-8f60925788a2_700x400.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jFuw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffec64190-bba7-4443-b5ac-8f60925788a2_700x400.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jFuw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffec64190-bba7-4443-b5ac-8f60925788a2_700x400.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jFuw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffec64190-bba7-4443-b5ac-8f60925788a2_700x400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jFuw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffec64190-bba7-4443-b5ac-8f60925788a2_700x400.png" width="700" height="400" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fec64190-bba7-4443-b5ac-8f60925788a2_700x400.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:400,&quot;width&quot;:700,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jFuw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffec64190-bba7-4443-b5ac-8f60925788a2_700x400.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jFuw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffec64190-bba7-4443-b5ac-8f60925788a2_700x400.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jFuw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffec64190-bba7-4443-b5ac-8f60925788a2_700x400.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jFuw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffec64190-bba7-4443-b5ac-8f60925788a2_700x400.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>VinID &#8211; h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i s&#7889; c&#7911;a Vingroup &#273;&#227; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n r&#7845;t hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trung th&#224;nh. &#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, VinID c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng d&#432;&#7899;i 2 d&#7841;ng: th&#7867; c&#7913;ng v&#224; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng (trong &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng c&#7911;a VinID c&#361;ng bao g&#7891;m m&#7897;t s&#7889; d&#7883;ch v&#7909; nh&#432; &#273;i ch&#7907; Vinmart, Scan&amp;Go, mua nh&#224; Vinhomes&#8230;), t&#259;ng t&#237;nh ti&#7879;n d&#7909;ng, gi&#250;p duy tr&#236; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. Th&#7867; VinID &#273;&#259;ng k&#237; mi&#7877;n ph&#237; nh&#432;ng c&#243; h&#224;ng ng&#224;n &#432;u &#273;&#227;i, khuy&#7871;n m&#227;i v&#224; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#237;ch &#273;i&#7875;m, &#273;&#7893;i &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh nh&#7887; nh&#7845;t nh&#432; t&#7863;ng qu&#224; cho c&#225;c b&#224; n&#7897;i tr&#7907; t&#7841;i Vinmart &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng &#432;u &#273;&#227;i khi ngh&#7881; d&#432;&#7905;ng t&#7841;i Vinpearl. VinID c&#361;ng chia ra 3 h&#7841;ng m&#7913;c: h&#7841;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#226;n thi&#7871;t v&#224; VIP. Quy&#7873;n l&#7907;i c&#7911;a th&#7867; VIP: c&#243; qu&#7847;y ph&#7909;c v&#7909; ri&#234;ng, &#432;u ti&#234;n check-in s&#7899;m, check-out mu&#7897;n t&#7841;i kh&#225;ch s&#7841;n, &#432;u ti&#234;n x&#7871;p h&#224;ng t&#7841;i c&#225;c qu&#7847;y d&#7883;ch v&#7909; gi&#7843;i tr&#237; &#8230; VinID &#273;&#227; duy tr&#236; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trong h&#7879; sinh th&#225;i c&#7911;a m&#236;nh b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch khi&#7871;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7843;m th&#7845;y b&#7843;n th&#226;n quan tr&#7885;ng khi s&#7903; h&#7919;u m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c th&#7867; v&#7899;i r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;c quy&#7873;n, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; b&#7857;ng ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh khuy&#7871;n m&#227;i, t&#237;ch &#273;i&#7875;m th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/cach-do-luong-va-tang-gia-tri-vong-doi-khach-hang/">C&#225;ch &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; t&#259;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</a></strong></p><h3><strong>&#193;p d&#7909;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</strong></h3><h4><strong>K&#7871;t h&#7907;p, k&#7871;t n&#7889;i c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#7875; c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#225;i nh&#236;n th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t, t&#7893;ng qu&#225;t v&#7873; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n</strong></h4><p>Trong nhi&#7873;u t&#7893; ch&#7913;c, d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;ang kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p xung quanh tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#224; ch&#7881; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng theo &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; kinh doanh v&#224; k&#234;nh b&#225;n h&#224;ng. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y khi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; c&#244;ng ty c&#7911;a b&#7841;n m&#7845;t k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#225; nh&#226;n c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. Th&#225;ch th&#7913;c th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p v&#224; qu&#7843;n l&#253; ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng tr&#234;n c&#225;c k&#234;nh v&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m ti&#7871;p x&#250;c kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7885;c t&#7853;p Dollar Shave Club &#8211; K&#7871;t n&#7889;i c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m tr&#234;n h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, &#273;em l&#7841;i tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch khai th&#225;c th&#244;ng minh d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UO4t!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a426ef0-a853-4287-87a5-e1be8b849a4c_940x470.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UO4t!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a426ef0-a853-4287-87a5-e1be8b849a4c_940x470.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UO4t!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a426ef0-a853-4287-87a5-e1be8b849a4c_940x470.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UO4t!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a426ef0-a853-4287-87a5-e1be8b849a4c_940x470.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UO4t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a426ef0-a853-4287-87a5-e1be8b849a4c_940x470.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UO4t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a426ef0-a853-4287-87a5-e1be8b849a4c_940x470.png" width="940" height="470" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9a426ef0-a853-4287-87a5-e1be8b849a4c_940x470.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:470,&quot;width&quot;:940,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UO4t!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a426ef0-a853-4287-87a5-e1be8b849a4c_940x470.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UO4t!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a426ef0-a853-4287-87a5-e1be8b849a4c_940x470.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UO4t!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a426ef0-a853-4287-87a5-e1be8b849a4c_940x470.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UO4t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a426ef0-a853-4287-87a5-e1be8b849a4c_940x470.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Dollar Shave Club &#8211; M&#7897;t start-up v&#7899;i c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m d&#224;nh cho nam gi&#7899;i, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n v&#7899;i s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u v&#224; s&#7921; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng ch&#243;ng m&#7863;t. Unilever chi 1 t&#7927; USD &#273;&#7875; mua l&#7841;i c&#244;ng ty. &#272;i&#7873;u g&#236; l&#224;m cho Dollar Shave Club tr&#7903; n&#234;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7871;n v&#7853;y?</p><p>C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i l&#224; DSC &#273;&#227; &#273;em &#273;&#7871;n g&#243;c nh&#236;n 360 &#273;&#7897; v&#7873; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng. T&#7915; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m ai &#273;&#243; truy c&#7853;p v&#224;o trang web DSC, c&#225;ch h&#7885; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i trang web, tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m mua h&#224;ng tr&#244;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o, c&#225;ch h&#7885; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7909;c v&#7909; sau &#273;&#243; l&#224; g&#236; &#8230; &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; theo d&#245;i th&#244;ng qua n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng. DSC &#273;&#227; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t c&#7845;u &#8203;&#8203;tr&#250;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7841;nh m&#7869; &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i v&#224; n&#7855;m b&#7855;t chi ti&#7871;t m&#7885;i t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng. T&#7915; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7841;nh, DSC tri&#7875;n khai Adobe Audience Manager. Adobe Audience Manager cho ph&#233;p DSC t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a c&#225;c &#432;u &#273;&#227;i v&#224; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883;. T&#7915; &#273;&#243;, c&#244;ng ty c&#243; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#7911;a kh&#7843; n&#259;ng c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#7889;i &#273;a t&#7841;i th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c. DSC c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; v&#224;o c&#225;c c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; Adobe Analytics v&#224; Adobe Advertising Cloud &#273;&#7875; n&#7855;m b&#7855;t v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#432; Dollar Shave Club, b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i hi&#7875;u v&#224; n&#226;ng cao tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch t&#237;ch h&#7907;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#233;o k&#234;nh (cross-channel data), &#273;&#7875; c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#225;i nh&#236;n ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh v&#7873; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trong su&#7889;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a h&#7885;. D&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7869; n&#7857;m trong h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;i&#7875;m b&#225;n h&#224;ng, n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng ti&#7871;p th&#7883; qua email, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng h&#243;a ti&#7871;p th&#7883;, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng qu&#7843;n l&#253; trung t&#226;m cu&#7897;c g&#7885;i, v.v.</p><p>C&#225;c ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; th&#7875; t&#237;ch h&#7907;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u nhanh ch&#243;ng v&#224; d&#7877; d&#224;ng. C&#225;c n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#226;ng cao h&#417;n c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243; ETL (Extract Transform Load) t&#237;ch h&#7907;p cho ph&#233;p b&#7841;n tr&#237;ch xu&#7845;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#7903; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng d&#7877; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#7845;t.</p><p>T&#7841;i Vi&#7879;t Nam, m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p gi&#250;p doanh nghi&#7879;p th&#7845;u hi&#7875;u s&#226;u s&#7855;c h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; th&#7875; k&#7875; &#273;&#7871;n l&#224; <strong><a href="https://oncustomer.asia/?utm_source=partner%20blog&amp;utm_medium=TM&amp;utm_campaign=customer%20retention">OnCustomer</a></strong>. N&#7873;n t&#7843;ng n&#224;y b&#234;n c&#7841;nh l&#224; gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p t&#7853;p trung v&#224; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i &#273;a k&#234;nh giao ti&#7871;p, OnCustomer c&#242;n c&#243; th&#7875; tracking d&#7845;u ch&#226;n c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng tr&#234;n website t&#7915; c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;ch h&#7907;p, t&#7841;o &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7875;n &#273;&#7875; doanh nghi&#7879;p t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng t&#7889;i &#273;a c&#417; h&#7897;i t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c, nh&#7857;m gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#7889;t h&#417;n.</p><h4><strong>Nh&#226;n vi&#234;n c&#7847;n n&#7855;m r&#245; d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh</strong></h4><p>&#272;&#7897;i ng&#361; CE, Marketing v&#224; Product s&#7869; &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. V&#236; v&#7853;y, h&#7885; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cung c&#7845;p, n&#7855;m r&#245; v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch nh&#7919;ng insights r&#250;t ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7915; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh c&#361;ng nh&#432; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#7841;i th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c, nh&#7919;ng ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i, feedback ngay t&#7913;c th&#236;. T&#7915; &#273;&#243;, m&#7899;i c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#224; k&#7883;p th&#7901;i &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. B&#7903;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng lu&#244;n thay &#273;&#7893;i, nh&#432; trong &#273;&#7907;t d&#7883;ch Covid 19 v&#7915;a r&#7891;i. N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cung c&#7845;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u nhanh ch&#243;ng v&#7873; vi&#7879;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;ang r&#7901;i b&#7887; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, d&#7883;ch v&#7909;, hay ph&#226;n kh&#250;c h&#224;nh vi kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;o &#273;ang chi&#7871;m &#432;u th&#7871;, &#273;&#7897;i ng&#361; CE, Marketing v&#224; Product kh&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; &#7913;ng bi&#7871;n.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/customer-retention-rate?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/customer-retention-rate?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/customer-retention-rate?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h3><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h3><p>Qua t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p t&#259;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng Customer Retention c&#361;ng nh&#432; &#273;i qua nh&#7919;ng v&#237; d&#7909; minh h&#7885;a c&#7911;a c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty th&#224;nh c&#244;ng, c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c khai th&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. Kh&#243;a h&#7885;c <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substacks&amp;utm_content=customer-retention-rate">Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics</a></strong> c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers ph&#7889;i h&#7907;p c&#249;ng c&#225;c gi&#225;m &#273;&#7889;c, qu&#7843;n l&#253; c&#7845;p cao s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u s&#226;u h&#417;n v&#7873; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#224; l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng t&#7889;i &#273;a t&#224;i nguy&#234;n n&#224;y.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substacks&amp;utm_content=customer-retention-rate" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Customer Acquisition Cost là gì? Hướng dẫn cách tính và cải thiện chỉ số CAC]]></title><description><![CDATA[N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang l&#224;m Marketing th&#236; ch&#7855;c h&#7859;n &#273;&#227; &#237;t nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t l&#7847;n loay hoay v&#7899;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i: &#8220;Ch&#250;ng ta &#273;ang m&#7845;t bao nhi&#234;u ti&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i?&#8221; &#272;&#243; ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#250;c b&#7841;n c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; v&#7873; Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC).]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/customer-acquisition-cost</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/customer-acquisition-cost</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 07 May 2025 10:34:04 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad96807-6e6e-4fcf-b97d-193d94b54121_735x500.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySUF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad96807-6e6e-4fcf-b97d-193d94b54121_735x500.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySUF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad96807-6e6e-4fcf-b97d-193d94b54121_735x500.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySUF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad96807-6e6e-4fcf-b97d-193d94b54121_735x500.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySUF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad96807-6e6e-4fcf-b97d-193d94b54121_735x500.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySUF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad96807-6e6e-4fcf-b97d-193d94b54121_735x500.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySUF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad96807-6e6e-4fcf-b97d-193d94b54121_735x500.jpeg" width="735" height="500" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4ad96807-6e6e-4fcf-b97d-193d94b54121_735x500.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:500,&quot;width&quot;:735,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Customer Acquisition Cost l&#224; g&#236;? H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#225;ch t&#237;nh v&#224; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ch&#7881; s&#7889;  CAC | Tomorrow Marketers&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Customer Acquisition Cost l&#224; g&#236;? H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#225;ch t&#237;nh v&#224; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ch&#7881; s&#7889;  CAC | Tomorrow Marketers" title="Customer Acquisition Cost l&#224; g&#236;? H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#225;ch t&#237;nh v&#224; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ch&#7881; s&#7889;  CAC | Tomorrow Marketers" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySUF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad96807-6e6e-4fcf-b97d-193d94b54121_735x500.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySUF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad96807-6e6e-4fcf-b97d-193d94b54121_735x500.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySUF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad96807-6e6e-4fcf-b97d-193d94b54121_735x500.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ySUF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4ad96807-6e6e-4fcf-b97d-193d94b54121_735x500.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>B&#7841;n t&#7915;ng th&#7855;c m&#7855;c v&#236; sao chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch ch&#7841;y qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o ng&#7889;n c&#7843; tr&#259;m tri&#7879;u nh&#432;ng s&#7889; &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng l&#7841;i l&#232;o t&#232;o? Ho&#7863;c t&#7915;ng &#273;au &#273;&#7847;u v&#236; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t n&#234;n ph&#226;n b&#7893; ng&#226;n s&#225;ch marketing th&#7871; n&#224;o cho hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;? N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang l&#224;m trong m&#7897;t startup, agency hay th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; team marketing n&#7897;i b&#7897; c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p &#8211; th&#236; ch&#7855;c h&#7859;n &#273;&#227; &#237;t nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t l&#7847;n loay hoay v&#7899;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i: <em>&#8220;Ch&#250;ng ta &#273;ang m&#7845;t bao nhi&#234;u ti&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i?&#8221;</em> &#272;&#243; ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#250;c b&#7841;n c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; v&#7873; <strong>Customer Acquisition Cost (CAC)</strong> &#8211; c&#249;ng Insight Ouch! t&#236;m hi&#7875;u trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t sau nha.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>Customer Acquisition Cost l&#224; g&#236;?</strong></h2><p>Customer Acquisition Cost (vi&#7871;t t&#7855;t l&#224; CAC) l&#224; t&#7893;ng t&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng chi ph&#237; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i b&#7887; ra &#273;&#7875; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng mua s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ho&#7863;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909; trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian c&#7909; th&#7875;.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng chi ph&#237; n&#224;y bao g&#7891;m chi ph&#237; cho marketing, sales, ti&#7873;n l&#432;&#417;ng, hoa h&#7891;ng &#8211; t&#7845;t c&#7843; chi ph&#237; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng m&#7899;i v&#224; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i h&#7885; th&#224;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921;.</p><h2><strong>C&#244;ng th&#7913;c t&#237;nh CAC</strong></h2><p>V&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n, ch&#7881; s&#7889; CAC &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch chia t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c chi ph&#237; b&#7887; ra nh&#7857;m thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (ch&#7911; y&#7871;u l&#224; chi ph&#237; b&#225;n h&#224;ng v&#224; marketing) cho s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7889; ti&#7873;n &#273;&#243;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RSP2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5bc0769e-ad83-4458-b9a6-3949efe46836_1238x315.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RSP2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5bc0769e-ad83-4458-b9a6-3949efe46836_1238x315.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RSP2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5bc0769e-ad83-4458-b9a6-3949efe46836_1238x315.png 848w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5bc0769e-ad83-4458-b9a6-3949efe46836_1238x315.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:315,&quot;width&quot;:1238,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RSP2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5bc0769e-ad83-4458-b9a6-3949efe46836_1238x315.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RSP2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5bc0769e-ad83-4458-b9a6-3949efe46836_1238x315.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RSP2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5bc0769e-ad83-4458-b9a6-3949efe46836_1238x315.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RSP2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5bc0769e-ad83-4458-b9a6-3949efe46836_1238x315.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>Chi ph&#237; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng = Chi ph&#237; b&#225;n h&#224;ng v&#224; marketing/ s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i s&#7903; h&#7919;u.</strong></p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: n&#7871;u m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty chi $100 cho vi&#7879;c thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trong 1 n&#259;m v&#224; thu v&#7873; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 100 kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trong c&#249;ng m&#7897;t n&#259;m &#273;&#243;, suy ra CAC c&#7911;a h&#7885; l&#224; $1. Chi ph&#237; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#7903; &#273;&#226;y c&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224;:</p><ul><li><p>T&#7893;ng chi ph&#237; cho c&#225;c cu&#7897;c g&#7885;i h&#7895; tr&#7907; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i: $10/n&#259;m</p></li><li><p>T&#7893;ng chi ph&#237; tr&#7843; cho c&#225;c &#273;&#7889;i t&#225;c chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c tr&#234;n m&#7895;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng: $0.5</p></li><li><p>T&#7893;ng chi ti&#234;u h&#224;ng th&#225;ng cho vi&#7879;c t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a c&#244;ng c&#7909; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m: $40/n&#259;m</p></li></ul><p>Tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;, <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/5-chi-so-anh-huong-den-loi-nhuan-ma-marketing-va-sales-nen-theo-doi/">chi ph&#237; Marketing v&#224; b&#225;n h&#224;ng</a> c&#243; th&#7875; bao g&#7891;m:</p><ul><li><p>Chi ph&#237; Ads: S&#7889; ti&#7873;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chi cho vi&#7879;c ch&#7841;y qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o</p></li><li><p>L&#432;&#417;ng nh&#226;n vi&#234;n thu&#7897;c c&#225;c b&#7897; ph&#7853;n ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i</p></li><li><p>Chi ph&#237; s&#225;ng t&#7841;o: S&#7889; ti&#7873;n chi cho vi&#7879;c s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t content, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; ti&#7873;n tr&#7843; cho c&#225;c content creator ho&#7863;c ti&#7873;n cafe cho m&#7897;t bu&#7893;i h&#7885;p brainstorm &#273;&#7875; ngh&#297; ra concept s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#7899;i &#8211; t&#243;m l&#7841;i l&#224; t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; chi cho vi&#7879;c s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t n&#7897;i dung.</p></li><li><p>Chi ph&#237; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t: Chi ph&#237; b&#7887; ra cho c&#225;c lo&#7841;i c&#244;ng c&#7909; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t. V&#237; d&#7909;: s&#7889; ti&#7873;n d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; mua m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; b&#225;o c&#225;o theo d&#245;i ti&#7871;n tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a c&#225;c digital ads.</p></li><li><p>Chi ph&#237; xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n: Chi ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t h&#224;nh chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch marketing ra c&#244;ng ch&#250;ng. &#272;&#226;y c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; chi ph&#237; ph&#225;t s&#243;ng tr&#234;n TV, qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o tr&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i ho&#7863;c ti&#7873;n hoa h&#7891;ng cho m&#7897;t t&#7901; b&#225;o ho&#7863;c t&#7841;p ch&#237;.</p></li><li><p>Chi ph&#237; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t: Chi ph&#237; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n v&#7853;t ch&#7845;t. V&#237; d&#7909;, n&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n quay video qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n mua m&#225;y &#7843;nh, set l&#224;m phim, ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a video, v.v.</p></li><li><p>Chi ph&#237; b&#7843;o tr&#236; h&#224;ng t&#7891;n kho</p></li></ul><h2><strong>&#7912;ng d&#7909;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#7911;a ch&#7881; s&#7889; CAC</strong></h2><p>Tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;, ch&#7881; s&#7889; CAC l&#224; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u nh&#7853;n bi&#7871;t li&#7879;u c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh b&#225;n h&#224;ng, marketing v&#224; d&#7883;ch v&#7909; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; &#273;ang ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;. CAC s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n hi&#7879;u ch&#7881;nh kho&#7843;n &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7855;n nh&#7845;t cho s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p.</p><p>Sau &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; t&#237;nh to&#225;n CAC trong Marketing.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o51z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e8d6f33-2652-45a1-9884-bb1df077e82d_1238x992.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o51z!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e8d6f33-2652-45a1-9884-bb1df077e82d_1238x992.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o51z!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e8d6f33-2652-45a1-9884-bb1df077e82d_1238x992.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o51z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e8d6f33-2652-45a1-9884-bb1df077e82d_1238x992.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o51z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e8d6f33-2652-45a1-9884-bb1df077e82d_1238x992.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o51z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e8d6f33-2652-45a1-9884-bb1df077e82d_1238x992.png" width="1238" height="992" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6e8d6f33-2652-45a1-9884-bb1df077e82d_1238x992.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:992,&quot;width&quot;:1238,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o51z!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e8d6f33-2652-45a1-9884-bb1df077e82d_1238x992.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o51z!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e8d6f33-2652-45a1-9884-bb1df077e82d_1238x992.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o51z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e8d6f33-2652-45a1-9884-bb1df077e82d_1238x992.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o51z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e8d6f33-2652-45a1-9884-bb1df077e82d_1238x992.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Gi&#7843; s&#7917; b&#7841;n mua 100 l&#7847;n click cho m&#7895;i qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o, nh&#432;ng tr&#7843; s&#7889; ti&#7873;n kh&#225;c nhau cho nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n click &#273;&#243;. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i Qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o 1, gi&#225; cho m&#7895;i l&#7847;n click l&#224; $5. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i Qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o 2 v&#224; 3, gi&#225; l&#7847;n l&#432;&#7907;t l&#224; $10 v&#224; $20. Nh&#226;n l&#234;n, ta c&#243; chi ph&#237; ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; cho ba qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o l&#7847;n l&#432;&#7907;t l&#224;: $500, $1000 v&#224; $200.</p><p>C&#7843; ba qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o &#273;&#7873;u thu h&#250;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 10 kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. C&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; CAC c&#7911;a m&#7895;i qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o l&#224; kh&#225;c nhau. V&#7899;i qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o 1, ta ch&#7881; ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; $50 cho m&#7895;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y cho th&#7845;y ta n&#234;n t&#7853;p trung &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; v&#224;o qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o 1 nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n hai qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o c&#242;n l&#7841;i, v&#236; n&#243; cho ra hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng v&#7899;i s&#7889; chi ph&#237; nh&#7887; h&#417;n.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra, CAC c&#242;n l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c nh&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432;. Trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n v&#224; xem x&#233;t m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng c&#7911;a startup, t&#7927; l&#7879; CAC v&#224; CLV (gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng) l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#7863;p metric c&#243; t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng r&#7845;t l&#7899;n. C&#7863;p t&#7927; l&#7879; n&#224;y gi&#250;p c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; m&#7841;o hi&#7875;m ho&#7863;c c&#225;c nh&#224; &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; xem x&#233;t hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/lam-the-nao-de-cai-thien-churn-rate-ty-le-khach-hang-roi-di/">L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n T&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i</a></strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/lam-the-nao-de-cai-thien-churn-rate-ty-le-khach-hang-roi-di/">?</a></p><p><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/cach-do-luong-va-tang-gia-tri-vong-doi-khach-hang/">Gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (CLV)</a> l&#224; t&#7893;ng s&#7889; ti&#7873;n k&#7923; v&#7885;ng m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng chi tr&#7843; cho doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a b&#7841;n trong su&#7889;t v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a h&#7885;. CAC v&#224; CLV c&#243; m&#7889;i t&#432;&#417;ng quan ch&#7863;t ch&#7869; v&#7899;i nhau. M&#7897;t v&#224;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p c&#243; th&#7875; x&#7843;y ra v&#7899;i t&#7927; l&#7879; CLV/CAC:</p><ul><li><p>CLV/CAC = 1 th&#236; c&#244;ng ty &#273;ang l&#7895; v&#7899;i m&#7895;i m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i.</p></li><li><p>CLV/CAC &lt; 1 th&#236; c&#244;ng ty &#273;ang g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n v&#7873; t&#224;i ch&#237;nh, v&#236; s&#7889; ti&#7873;n b&#7887; ra &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;ang cao h&#417;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p></li><li><p>CLV/CAC &gt;1 th&#236; chi ph&#237; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;ang &#7903; m&#7913;c ph&#249; h&#7907;p, c&#249;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;c m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#7919;ng ch&#7855;c.</p></li></ul><p>N&#243;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n h&#417;n, ch&#7881; s&#7889; CAC c&#7847;n nh&#7887; h&#417;n CLV &#273;&#7875; doanh nghi&#7879;p thu &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n &#8211; ngh&#297;a l&#224; chi ph&#237; thu h&#250;t m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i ph&#7843;i nh&#7887; h&#417;n s&#7889; ti&#7873;n m&#224; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#243; s&#7869; b&#7887; ra cho doanh nghi&#7879;p trong su&#7889;t v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a h&#7885;. V&#237; d&#7909; c&#7909; th&#7875;: chi ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng A l&#234;n &#273;&#7871;n $200, nh&#432;ng trong su&#7889;t v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a h&#7885;, kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y s&#7869; chi cho c&#244;ng ty $600. V&#7853;y n&#234;n $200 b&#7887; ra ban &#273;&#7847;u s&#7869; thu v&#7873; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n cho c&#244;ng ty.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c v&#7873; Marketing Analytics nha!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ch&#7881; s&#7889; CAC?</strong></h2><p>Nh&#432; &#273;&#227; n&#243;i &#7903; tr&#234;n, m&#7909;c ti&#234;u cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c doanh nghi&#7879;p khi &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng CAC ch&#237;nh l&#224; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u n&#243; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7843;m chi ph&#237; b&#7887; ra ho&#7863;c t&#259;ng l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i thu h&#250;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. V&#7853;y, l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ch&#7881; s&#7889; CAC qua vi&#7879;c chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng?</p><h3><strong>Hi&#7875;u r&#245; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ho&#7863;c ng&#224;nh h&#224;ng</strong></h3><p>&#272;i&#7873;u &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#225;c doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n n&#7855;m r&#245; l&#224; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ch&#7881; s&#7889; CAC trung b&#236;nh trong ng&#224;nh h&#224;ng c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. M&#7895;i th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7869; c&#243; &#273;&#7897; l&#7899;n CAC kh&#225;c nhau, tu&#7923; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o th&#7901;i gian v&#224; chi ph&#237; b&#7887; ra &#273;&#7875; nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng. V&#237; d&#7909;: B&#7841;n s&#7869; m&#7845;t &#237;t th&#7901;i gian v&#224; chi ph&#237; &#273;&#7875; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c ai &#273;&#243; mua m&#7897;t quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch h&#417;n l&#224; mua m&#7897;t chi&#7871;c xe h&#417;i. S&#225;ch c&#243; gi&#225; r&#7867; h&#417;n, n&#234;n s&#7869; d&#7877; d&#224;ng &#273;&#7875; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c ai &#273;&#243; chi $20 sau khi ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n h&#7885; trong v&#224;i ng&#224;y. M&#7863;t kh&#225;c, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; m&#7845;t 2-3 th&#225;ng &#273;&#7875; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua xe, nh&#432;ng b&#249; l&#7841;i, b&#7841;n s&#7869; nh&#7853;n v&#7873; h&#224;ng ng&#224;n &#273;&#244; la.</p><p>Khi bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; CAC c&#7911;a ng&#224;nh h&#224;ng, c&#244;ng ty s&#7869; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#234;n chi bao nhi&#234;u &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n v&#7873; m&#7863;t chi ph&#237;.</p><h3><strong>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; nh&#7855;m &#273;&#7871;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t</strong></h3><p>Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng mua s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n cao nh&#7845;t. Vi&#7879;c nh&#7855;m &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#250;ng t&#7879;p kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty thay v&#236; ti&#7871;p th&#7883; t&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#253; &#273;&#7883;nh mua h&#224;ng s&#7869; gi&#250;p ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m chi ph&#237;, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; gi&#7843;m CAC. V&#237; d&#7909;: n&#7871;u c&#244;ng ty b&#7841;n b&#225;n m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m qu&#7843;n l&#253; nh&#226;n s&#7921;, sau &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#224;i ch&#226;n dung kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a b&#7841;n:</p><ul><li><p>CIO (Chief information officer &#8211; Gi&#225;m &#273;&#7889;c th&#244;ng tin) t&#7841;i m&#7897;t t&#7893; ch&#7913;c s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t l&#7899;n</p></li><li><p>Tr&#432;&#7903;ng ph&#242;ng nh&#226;n s&#7921; trong m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; c&#7905; v&#7915;a</p></li><li><p>Gi&#225;m &#273;&#7889;c &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh t&#7841;i c&#225;c startup &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n nhanh ch&#243;ng</p></li></ul><h3><strong>C&#7843;i thi&#7879;n chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i v&#7899;i Audience Retargeting</strong></h3><p>Theo AdRoll, ch&#7881; c&#243; 2% kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p website c&#7911;a b&#7841;n chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i th&#224;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trong l&#7847;n truy c&#7853;p &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m chi ph&#237; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o theo &#273;u&#244;i (Retargeting) s&#7869; l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n &#273;&#225;ng c&#226;n nh&#7855;c. Qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o n&#224;y s&#7869; hi&#7879;n l&#234;n v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#227; truy c&#7853;p website/ landing page c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#7903; nh&#7919;ng website kh&#225;c sau khi h&#7885; &#273;&#227; tho&#225;t kh&#7887;i trang c&#7911;a b&#7841;n.</p><p>Retargeting s&#7869; gi&#250;p c&#225;c doanh nghi&#7879;p t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng t&#7889;i &#273;a c&#225;c n&#7895; l&#7921;c qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n. B&#7857;ng c&#225;ch nh&#7855;m v&#224;o kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i doanh nghi&#7879;p, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; nu&#244;i d&#432;&#7905;ng v&#224; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i h&#7885; v&#7899;i chi ph&#237; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u so v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng bi&#7871;t v&#7873; doanh nghi&#7879;p.</p><p>Case Study: &#272;&#7875; thu h&#250;t nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng &#7903; g&#7847;n m&#7897;t &#273;&#7841;i l&#253; Mazda, c&#244;ng ty &#273;&#227; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng retargeting ads theo &#273;&#7883;a l&#253; &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;n th&#7883; nh&#7919;ng qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a. G&#7847;n 53% nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#236;n th&#7845;y qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o n&#224;y &#273;&#227; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#7841;i l&#253; Mazda &#273;&#243;. K&#7871;t qu&#7843;: Mazda &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c doanh s&#7889; b&#225;n h&#224;ng cao h&#417;n 98% k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch d&#7921; ki&#7871;n.</p><h3><strong>Gi&#7843;m s&#7921; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o tr&#7843; ph&#237;</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#7847;u t&#432; v&#224;o owned v&#224; earned media l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7889;t &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u CAC v&#7873; m&#7863;t l&#226;u d&#224;i. Owned media l&#224; t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c k&#234;nh truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;ang s&#7903; h&#7919;u: website, n&#7897;i dung blog, t&#7841;p ch&#237;, infographics,&#8230; Earned media l&#224; lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng doanh nghi&#7879;p kh&#244;ng t&#7921; t&#7841;o, m&#224; ki&#7871;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. V&#237; d&#7909;: KOLs gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, b&#225;o ch&#237; vi&#7871;t b&#224;i v&#7873; c&#244;ng ty b&#7841;n,&#8230;</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/phan-biet-owned-media-paid-media-earned-media/">Ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t Owned Media, Paid Media v&#224; Earned Media</a></strong></p><p>Khi doanh nghi&#7879;p th&#224;nh c&#244;ng x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i theo d&#245;i trung th&#224;nh, m&#7895;i b&#224;i vi&#7871;t tr&#234;n blog ho&#7863;c b&#224;i &#273;&#259;ng tr&#234;n ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng s&#7869; gi&#250;p thu h&#250;t nhi&#7873;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng h&#417;n, c&#249;ng m&#7897;t kho&#7843;n &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; nh&#7887; h&#417;n Paid Media. M&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh cho chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c n&#224;y &#273;&#243; l&#224; Hubspot, v&#7899;i chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c n&#7897;i dung &#273;em l&#7841;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; cho nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang v&#7853;n h&#224;nh b&#7897; ph&#7853;n Sales &amp; Marketing, Hubspot thu h&#250;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n &#273;&#7897;c gi&#7843; trung th&#224;nh tr&#234;n owned media, s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7921; nhi&#234;n m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n d&#249;ng qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o tr&#7843; ph&#237;. </p><h3><strong>Th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u b&#7841;n b&#232; (referal) &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n &#432;u &#273;&#227;i</strong></h3><p>N&#7871;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a b&#7841;n t&#7899;i m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng kh&#225;c &#8211; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7889;n &#273;&#227; quan t&#226;m &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, CAC h&#7885; s&#7869; l&#224; $0 n&#7871;u h&#7885; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i th&#224;nh c&#244;ng. Nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#8220;mi&#7877;n ph&#237;&#8221; n&#224;y s&#7869; gi&#250;p gi&#7843;m t&#7927; l&#7879; CAC c&#7911;a b&#7841;n theo th&#7901;i gian. V&#236; v&#7853;y, h&#227;y &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u b&#7841;n b&#232; m&#224; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n th&#7921;c s&#7921; mu&#7889;n tham gia.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/monthly-active-users-chi-so-phan-anh-muc-do-thanh-cong-cua-cac-nen-tang-cong-nghe/">Monthly Active Users &#8211; ch&#7881; s&#7889; ph&#7843;n &#225;nh m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;</a></strong></p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/customer-acquisition-cost?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/customer-acquisition-cost?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/customer-acquisition-cost?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h3><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h3><p>Hi&#7875;u r&#245; Customer Acquisition Cost c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng k&#234;nh ti&#7871;p th&#7883; l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u m&#224; h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c Marketer &#273;&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7899;i. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t r&#245; t&#7927; l&#7879; CAC, b&#7841;n s&#7869; bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch ph&#226;n b&#7893; ng&#226;n s&#225;ch Marketing v&#224; Sales h&#7907;p l&#253;. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang ph&#7843;i ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i h&#224;ng lo&#7841;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, m&#224; ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng ch&#250;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m Insights ph&#7909;c v&#7909; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c v&#224; ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c, &#273;&#7915;ng b&#7887; l&#7905; <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substacks&amp;utm_content=cac-customer-acquisition-cost">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics</a></strong> c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketes nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[5 chỉ số quan trọng đo lường hiệu quả conversion ad – Case study phân tích chiến dịch Shopping Mall]]></title><description><![CDATA[H&#224;ng lo&#7841;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n sau khi ch&#7841;y ads xong: Qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o &#273;&#227; t&#7889;i &#432;u ch&#432;a, c&#243; l&#227;ng ph&#237; ng&#226;n s&#225;ch hay &#273;&#225;ng &#273;&#7875; scale up kh&#244;ng?&#160;V&#7853;y marketers c&#7847;n nh&#236;n v&#224;o c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i nh&#7919;ng th&#7855;c m&#7855;c tr&#234;n? C&#249;ng t&#236;m hi&#7875;u trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t sau nh&#233;!]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/5-chi-so-facebook-conversion-ad</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/5-chi-so-facebook-conversion-ad</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 02 Apr 2025 04:34:43 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F529049bf-d171-4f19-b97e-0f775ebb36bf_1125x717.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>B&#7841;n v&#7915;a k&#7871;t th&#250;c m&#7897;t chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o, &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng c&#243; v&#224; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; nh&#236;n qua c&#361;ng &#7893;n. Nh&#432;ng khi ng&#7891;i xem l&#7841;i to&#224;n b&#7897; k&#7871;t qu&#7843;, c&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i c&#7913; l&#7903;n v&#7903;n trong &#273;&#7847;u: qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o t&#7889;i &#432;u chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i ch&#432;a? C&#243; &#273;ang l&#227;ng ph&#237; ng&#226;n s&#225;ch &#7903; &#273;&#226;u kh&#244;ng? N&#7871;u scale l&#234;n li&#7879;u c&#243; &#273;&#225;ng? Nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#243; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#236; b&#7841;n thi&#7871;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#224; v&#236; c&#243; qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u ch&#7881; s&#7889; hi&#7879;n ra c&#249;ng l&#250;c, v&#224; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7855;c n&#234;n &#273;&#7885;c t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u, tin v&#224;o con s&#7889; n&#224;o.</p><p>Trong m&#7897;t chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch <em>conversion ad</em>, vi&#7879;c hi&#7875;u r&#245; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; c&#7889;t l&#245;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843;, m&#224; c&#242;n ch&#7881; ra &#273;&#226;u l&#224; ph&#7847;n c&#7847;n t&#7889;i &#432;u &#273;&#7875; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o l&#224;m vi&#7879;c t&#7889;t h&#417;n. Insight Ouch s&#7869; c&#249;ng b&#7841;n &#273;i qua 5 ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t &#8211; ng&#7855;n g&#7885;n, d&#7877; hi&#7875;u, v&#224; g&#7855;n ch&#7863;t v&#7899;i th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y nh&#233;!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>5 ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch conversion ad</strong></h2><h3><strong>1. Cost per result</strong></h3><p>Cost per result l&#224; chi ph&#237; trung b&#236;nh cho m&#7895;i k&#7871;t qu&#7843; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. &#272;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; chi ph&#237; cho m&#7895;i l&#432;&#7907;t click v&#224;o qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o, chi ph&#237; cho m&#7895;i l&#432;&#7907;t xem landing page, hay chi ph&#237; cho m&#7895;i lead, tu&#7923; theo m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n khi thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch.</p><p><strong>Cost per result = Amount spent / Number of Results</strong></p><p>Nh&#236;n chung, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#225;c chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch kh&#225;c nhau, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; nh&#236;n ra c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7875; t&#7889;i &#432;u qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, b&#7841;n th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m 3 ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh promotion cho c&#249;ng 1 t&#7879;p kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, c&#249;ng m&#7897;t m&#7913;c ng&#226;n s&#225;ch v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh mua 1 t&#7863;ng 1 nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u l&#432;&#7907;t view landing nh&#7845;t, cost per view landing page th&#7845;p nh&#7845;t. N&#7871;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng thu v&#7873; t&#7915; chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch n&#224;y c&#361;ng &#7903; m&#7913;c ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng, b&#7841;n ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; c&#226;n nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; th&#234;m ng&#226;n s&#225;ch ho&#7863;c m&#7903; r&#7897;ng t&#7879;p target audience &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng m&#7913;c doanh thu. Ngo&#224;i ra, cost per result c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7913;c &#273;&#7863;t gi&#225; th&#7847;u cho chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai, v&#236; l&#250;c n&#224;y b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; c&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7883;ch s&#7917; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m benchmark.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/scale-ad-la-gi/">Scale ad l&#224; g&#236;? X2 ng&#226;n s&#225;ch c&#243; lu&#244;n &#273;i c&#249;ng X2 s&#7889; &#273;&#417;n?</a></p><h3><strong>2. Outbound click-through rate (Outbound CTR)</strong></h3><p>Outbound click l&#224; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng click v&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng link d&#7851;n ra trang ngo&#224;i Facebook, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#7845;m v&#224;o n&#250;t call-to-action &#8216;learn more&#8217; v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7899;i landing page s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><p>Outbound CTR l&#224; t&#7927; l&#7879; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m l&#432;&#7907;t outbound click tr&#234;n t&#7893;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t hi&#7875;n th&#7883; c&#7911;a qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o.</p><p><strong>Outbound CTR = Number of outbound clicks / Number of Impressions x 100</strong></p><p>Outbound CTR gi&#250;p b&#7841;n:</p><ul><li><p>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh xem &#273;&#226;u l&#224; m&#7851;u qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o thu h&#250;t nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u click t&#236;m hi&#7875;u t&#234;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m</p></li><li><p>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; quan t&#226;m, h&#7913;ng th&#250; c&#7911;a nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u v&#7899;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#224; b&#7841;n cung c&#7845;p</p></li></ul><p>N&#7871;u Outbound CTR th&#7845;p, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; xem l&#7841;i n&#7897;i dung ad copy, c&#7889; g&#7855;ng truy&#7873;n t&#7843;i nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng. Ho&#7863;c CTR th&#7845;p c&#361;ng l&#224; d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n thu h&#7865;p t&#7879;p ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, ch&#7881; l&#7885;c ra t&#7879;p th&#7921;c s&#7921; quan t&#226;m t&#7899;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><h3><strong>3. Average Order Value</strong></h3><p><strong>Average order value: Gi&#225; trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng = T&#7893;ng doanh thu / S&#7889; &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c</strong></p><p>V&#237; d&#7909; b&#7841;n b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 3 &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng, m&#7897;t &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng gi&#225; 50.000 &#273;&#7891;ng, m&#7897;t &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng gi&#225; 10,000 &#273;&#7891;ng v&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng 30.000 &#273;&#7891;ng. C&#7897;ng l&#7841;i l&#224; 90.000 &#273;&#7891;ng v&#224; chia 3 th&#236; gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; 30,000 &#273;&#7891;ng.</p><p>Gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng v&#236; n&#243; ch&#7913;a insight v&#7873; h&#224;nh vi, s&#7903; th&#237;ch v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh mua h&#224;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. Ngo&#224;i ra, average order value c&#361;ng gi&#250;p doanh nghi&#7879;p x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#417; h&#7897;i b&#225;n th&#234;m ho&#7863;c b&#225;n ch&#233;o s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><h3><strong>4. Conversion rate</strong></h3><p><strong>Conversion rate = Order / Visits</strong></p><p>Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, c&#243; 10,000 ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#7845;p v&#224;o website t&#7915; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o (visitors), b&#7841;n thu &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 90 &#273;&#417;n &#273;&#7863;t h&#224;ng t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#224;y, v&#7853;y conversion rate l&#250;c n&#224;y l&#224; 9%.</p><p>T&#7881; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i c&#224;ng cao, c&#224;ng c&#243; l&#7907;i cho gian h&#224;ng v&#236; s&#7889; &#273;&#417;n s&#7869; t&#259;ng h&#417;n v&#224; gian h&#224;ng b&#7899;t c&#244;ng s&#7913;c h&#417;n v&#224;o vi&#7879;c m&#7903; ph&#7877;u traffic. T&#7881; l&#7879; Conversion t&#259;ng l&#234;n &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; trong ng&#224;y Sale l&#7899;n so v&#7899;i c&#225;c ng&#224;y b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#236; nhu c&#7847;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#259;ng l&#234;n do s&#7921; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng c&#7911;a s&#224;n &amp; c&#225;c nh&#224; b&#225;n h&#224;ng.</p><p>M&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; gi&#7919;a Conversion Rate, Traffic v&#224; Average Order Value &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7843;n &#225;nh qua c&#244;ng th&#7913;c:</p><p><strong>Revenue = Traffic x Conversion Rate x Average Order Value</strong></p><p>&#272;&#7875; l&#224;m r&#245; m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; n&#224;y, ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; v&#237; d&#7909;: M&#7897;t nh&#227;n h&#224;ng tri&#7875;n khai nhi&#7873;u khuy&#7871;n m&#227;i h&#7845;p d&#7851;n, gi&#225; gi&#7843;m s&#226;u h&#417;n, c&#243; nhi&#7873;u voucher &amp; qu&#224; t&#7863;ng h&#417;n so v&#7899;i m&#7863;t b&#7857;ng chung (&#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7911; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng xu&#7889;ng ti&#7873;n). L&#250;c n&#224;y, conversion rate t&#259;ng. Nh&#227;n h&#224;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u Orders (&#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng h&#417;n).</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, l&#7841;i c&#243; m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; ph&#225;t sinh l&#224; d&#249; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng h&#417;n nh&#432;ng Gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a m&#7895;i &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng (AOV) l&#7841;i gi&#7843;m xu&#7889;ng v&#236; nh&#227;n h&#224;ng &#273;&#227; gi&#7843;m gi&#225; &amp; &#432;u &#273;&#227;i qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u. D&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n doanh thu b&#7883; k&#233;o th&#7845;p h&#417;n.</p><p>L&#250;c n&#224;y, &#225;p l&#7921;c l&#7841;i &#273;&#232; l&#234;n Traffic, t&#7913;c l&#224; nh&#227;n h&#224;ng ph&#7843;i c&#243; nhi&#7873;u traffic h&#417;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, &#273;&#7875; v&#7899;i m&#7897;t t&#7881; l&#7879; CR% &#273;&#243;, nh&#227;n h&#224;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u &#273;&#417;n h&#417;n.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/recap-webinar-toi-uu-quang-cao-chuyen-doi-conversion-ads-va-content-tren-facebook/">Recap | Webinar: T&#7889;i &#432;u conversion ads v&#224; content tr&#234;n Facebook</a></p><h3><strong>5. ROAS (Return on ad spend)</strong></h3><p>ROAS cho b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t, v&#7899;i m&#7895;i &#273;&#7891;ng chi ph&#237; b&#7887; ra b&#7841;n thu v&#7873; bao nhi&#234;u &#273;&#7891;ng doanh thu. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, n&#7871;u b&#7841;n thu v&#7873; $20,000, chi ph&#237; b&#7841;n b&#7887; ra cho qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o l&#224; $5,000 th&#236; ROAS b&#7857;ng 4. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, m&#7895;i $1 chi ph&#237; mang v&#7873; cho b&#7841;n $4 doanh thu.</p><p><strong>ROAS = Doanh thu / T&#7893;ng chi ph&#237; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o</strong></p><p>Ch&#7881; s&#7889; ROAS s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n:</p><ul><li><p>Tr&#7843; l&#7901;i cho c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#8220;C&#243; n&#234;n m&#7903; r&#7897;ng quy m&#244; kh&#244;ng?&#8221;: B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7841;y nhi&#7873;u chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch c&#249;ng l&#250;c v&#224; khi &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; t&#7915;ng chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng quy m&#244; c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch c&#243; ROAS cao nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u t&#259;ng doanh thu c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p></li><li><p>Ph&#226;n b&#7893; ng&#226;n s&#225;ch qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o m&#7897;t c&#225;ch h&#7907;p l&#253;: Vi&#7879;c t&#237;nh to&#225;n ROAS s&#7869; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o v&#224; chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;ang chi ti&#234;u &#8220;qu&#225; m&#7841;nh tay&#8221;. Trong nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n gi&#7843;m ng&#226;n s&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; b&#7843;o v&#7879; doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a m&#236;nh kh&#7887;i thua l&#7895;.</p></li></ul><p>ROAS bao nhi&#234;u th&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; t&#7889;t? &#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m t&#7841;i: <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/roas-la-gi/">&#272;&#7915;ng ch&#7841;y qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o khi ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t ROAS &#8211; T&#7927; l&#7879; ho&#224;n v&#7889;n tr&#234;n chi ph&#237; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t th&#234;m c&#225;c ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c v&#7873; Marketing Analytics nha!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>Case study: Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch Shopping Mall</strong></h2><p><strong>B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh</strong>: Nh&#227;n h&#224;ng ng&#224;nh Th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m ch&#7841;y chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch gi&#7919;a n&#259;m, &#273;&#7863;t tr&#7885;ng &#273;i&#7875;m v&#224;o 2 ng&#224;y 25.5 v&#224; 6.6 tr&#234;n trang Th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917;, m&#7909;c ti&#234;u chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch l&#224; &#273;&#7849;y m&#7841;nh s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng b&#225;n tr&#234;n trang th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917;.</p><p><strong>Nh&#227;n h&#224;ng chia t&#7879;p &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng th&#224;nh 2 nh&#243;m:</strong></p><p>(1) Prospecting (&#272;&#7847;u ph&#7877;u): &#272;&#432;a qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o &#273;&#7871;n v&#7899;i t&#7879;p kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng r&#7897;ng &#273;&#7875; m&#7903; ph&#7877;u.</p><ul><li><p>Th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u ch&#7885;n t&#7879;p &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#7919;, t&#7915; 18 &#8211; 55, quan t&#226;m t&#7899;i Cooking, Online Shopping v&#224; Sales promotion, h&#224;nh vi engaged shoppers.</p></li><li><p>Ngo&#224;i ra, th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u c&#361;ng ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n v&#7899;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;ang quan t&#226;m nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#224; th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u cung c&#7845;p. &#7902; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y, th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u ch&#7885;n <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/facebook-lookalike-ads/">t&#7879;p Lookalike</a> (Lookalike nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; b&#7887; h&#224;ng v&#224;o gi&#7887;, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng mua s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; tr&#234;n trang ecommerce,&#8230;)</p></li></ul><p>(2) Retargeting (Cu&#7889;i ph&#7877;u): Ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; xem s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u v&#224;o gi&#7887; h&#224;ng, nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng mua s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m&#8230;</p><p><strong>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; b&#7843;ng so s&#225;nh media plan (x&#226;y d&#7921;ng d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u qu&#225; kh&#7913;) v&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; th&#7921;c &#273;&#7841;t c&#7911;a chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch:</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jU2o!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e4e1fa-3c67-4ef6-b7d5-f549fc3a2967_841x262.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jU2o!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e4e1fa-3c67-4ef6-b7d5-f549fc3a2967_841x262.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jU2o!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e4e1fa-3c67-4ef6-b7d5-f549fc3a2967_841x262.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jU2o!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e4e1fa-3c67-4ef6-b7d5-f549fc3a2967_841x262.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jU2o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e4e1fa-3c67-4ef6-b7d5-f549fc3a2967_841x262.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jU2o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e4e1fa-3c67-4ef6-b7d5-f549fc3a2967_841x262.png" width="841" height="262" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/31e4e1fa-3c67-4ef6-b7d5-f549fc3a2967_841x262.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:262,&quot;width&quot;:841,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jU2o!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e4e1fa-3c67-4ef6-b7d5-f549fc3a2967_841x262.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jU2o!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e4e1fa-3c67-4ef6-b7d5-f549fc3a2967_841x262.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jU2o!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e4e1fa-3c67-4ef6-b7d5-f549fc3a2967_841x262.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jU2o!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F31e4e1fa-3c67-4ef6-b7d5-f549fc3a2967_841x262.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>ROAS th&#7921;c t&#7871; tuy kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t k&#7923; v&#7885;ng so v&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u, nh&#432;ng m&#7913;c 1.38 cho ng&#224;nh Th&#7921;c ph&#7849;m l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#7913;c &#7893;n v&#236; ROAS benchmark trong ng&#224;nh n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng dao &#273;&#7897;ng &#7903; kho&#7843;ng 1.2 &#8211; 2.0.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7875; t&#236;m ra ph&#432;&#417;ng &#225;n t&#7889;i &#432;u v&#7873; c&#225;ch ph&#226;n b&#7893; ng&#226;n s&#225;ch v&#224; t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u h&#417;n v&#7873; 2 nh&#243;m ch&#7881; s&#7889;:</strong></p><p><strong>(1) Ch&#7881; s&#7889; li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i performance theo nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u:</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xtfk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F529049bf-d171-4f19-b97e-0f775ebb36bf_1125x717.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xtfk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F529049bf-d171-4f19-b97e-0f775ebb36bf_1125x717.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xtfk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F529049bf-d171-4f19-b97e-0f775ebb36bf_1125x717.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xtfk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F529049bf-d171-4f19-b97e-0f775ebb36bf_1125x717.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xtfk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F529049bf-d171-4f19-b97e-0f775ebb36bf_1125x717.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xtfk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F529049bf-d171-4f19-b97e-0f775ebb36bf_1125x717.png" width="1125" height="717" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/529049bf-d171-4f19-b97e-0f775ebb36bf_1125x717.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:717,&quot;width&quot;:1125,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xtfk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F529049bf-d171-4f19-b97e-0f775ebb36bf_1125x717.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xtfk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F529049bf-d171-4f19-b97e-0f775ebb36bf_1125x717.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xtfk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F529049bf-d171-4f19-b97e-0f775ebb36bf_1125x717.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xtfk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F529049bf-d171-4f19-b97e-0f775ebb36bf_1125x717.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tjpG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feca5d2d3-580a-440c-ad47-a8ad04ac62fd_1138x718.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tjpG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feca5d2d3-580a-440c-ad47-a8ad04ac62fd_1138x718.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tjpG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feca5d2d3-580a-440c-ad47-a8ad04ac62fd_1138x718.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tjpG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feca5d2d3-580a-440c-ad47-a8ad04ac62fd_1138x718.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tjpG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feca5d2d3-580a-440c-ad47-a8ad04ac62fd_1138x718.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tjpG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feca5d2d3-580a-440c-ad47-a8ad04ac62fd_1138x718.png" width="1138" height="718" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eca5d2d3-580a-440c-ad47-a8ad04ac62fd_1138x718.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:718,&quot;width&quot;:1138,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tjpG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feca5d2d3-580a-440c-ad47-a8ad04ac62fd_1138x718.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tjpG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feca5d2d3-580a-440c-ad47-a8ad04ac62fd_1138x718.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tjpG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feca5d2d3-580a-440c-ad47-a8ad04ac62fd_1138x718.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tjpG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feca5d2d3-580a-440c-ad47-a8ad04ac62fd_1138x718.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#243; 2 &#273;i&#7875;m ch&#237;nh khi nh&#236;n v&#224;o bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#234;n:</p><ul><li><p>ROAS c&#7911;a nh&#243;m prospecting th&#7845;p h&#417;n h&#7859;n ROAS c&#7911;a nh&#243;m retargeting, nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng m&#7899;i th&#236; kh&#243; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh mua h&#224;ng.</p></li><li><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, CPC c&#7911;a nh&#243;m retargeting kh&#225; cao, khi ki&#7875;m tra frequency c&#361;ng l&#234;n cao t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng &#7903; m&#7913;c 3 l&#7847;n/ tu&#7847;n, c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y audience size c&#7911;a t&#7879;p retargeting n&#224;y kh&#225; nh&#7887;.</p></li></ul><p><strong>(2) &#272;&#7875; t&#7889;i &#432;u v&#7873; h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh mua h&#224;ng, ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u h&#417;n v&#224;o c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng nh&#432;:</strong></p><ul><li><p><strong>CTR = Click / Impression</strong> &gt; &#272;&#225;nh gi&#225; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng banner ads c&#243; &#273;&#7911; thu h&#250;t kh&#244;ng? c&#243; banner n&#224;o c&#243; CTR cao h&#417;n, &#273;&#7863;c t&#237;nh c&#7911;a banner &#273;&#243; l&#224; g&#236;?</p></li><li><p><strong>%Visit = Visit / Click</strong> &gt; &#272;&#225;nh gi&#225; &#273;&#7897; li&#234;n quan c&#7911;a trang &#273;&#237;ch v&#224; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng h&#7841; t&#7847;ng website, Visit rate c&#224;ng cao ch&#7913;ng t&#7887; th&#7913; user click v&#224;o v&#224; n&#7897;i dung trang &#273;&#237;ch l&#224; li&#234;n quan v&#7899;i nhau, ho&#7863;c website c&#243; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; t&#7843;i t&#7889;t, kh&#244;ng l&#224;m r&#417;i r&#7899;t ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng gi&#7919;a &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng.</p></li><li><p><strong>%Add-to-cart = Add to Cart / Visit</strong> &gt; &#272;&#225;nh gi&#225; xem ng&#432;&#7901;i ta c&#243; b&#7887; v&#224;o gi&#7887; h&#224;ng hay kh&#244;ng? Ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh, h&#236;nh &#7843;nh, review s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#243; &#273;&#7911; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n kh&#244;ng?</p></li><li><p><strong>% Purchase</strong>: &#272;&#225;nh v&#224;o ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#432;u &#273;&#227;i</p></li></ul><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; benchmark trong ng&#224;nh h&#224;ng ti&#234;u d&#249;ng nhanh, nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7841;i ch&#250;ng t&#7915; 18 &#8211; 50 tu&#7893;i m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o:</p><p>%CTR = 0.6% &#8211; 0.8%</p><p>%Visit = 30 &#8211; 50% (Shopee/Lazada)</p><p>%Add to cart = 40 &#8211; 50%</p><p>%Purchase = 10 &#8211; 20%</p><p><strong>M&#7897;t s&#7889; tips t&#7889;i &#432;u:</strong></p><ul><li><p>Chia targeting th&#224;nh 2 t&#7879;p Prospecting (&#272;&#7847;u ph&#7877;u) v&#224; Retargeting (Cu&#7889;i ph&#7877;u) v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o kh&#225;c nhau:</p></li></ul><p>&#272;&#7847;u ph&#7877;u t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o vi&#7879;c k&#237;ch th&#237;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng th&#7845;y ads, click v&#224;o xem s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#224; b&#7887; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#224;o gi&#7887; h&#224;ng. &#272;&#7875; t&#7841;o ngu&#7891;n cho Retargeting, c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7841;o conversion event theo Product Page View, Add-To-Cart.</p><p>Cu&#7889;i ph&#7877;u (Retargeting) t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o t&#7889;i &#432;u theo ROAS hay Purchase.</p><ul><li><p>Ph&#226;n b&#7893; ng&#226;n s&#225;ch t&#7847;m 50-60% cho Prospecting (ch&#7841;y s&#7899;m tr&#432;&#7899;c ng&#224;y s&#7921; ki&#7879;n 4-7 ng&#224;y) v&#224; 40-50% cho Re-targeting (ch&#7841;y sau khi Prospecting &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 2-3 ng&#224;y, v&#224; d&#7891;n nhi&#7873;u ti&#7873;n h&#417;n cho ng&#224;y s&#7921; ki&#7879;n v&#236; h&#244;m &#273;&#243; khuy&#7871;n m&#227;i th&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t). N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u s&#7869; c&#243; 1 t&#7879;p t&#7841;o ngu&#7891;n v&#224; 1 t&#7879;p t&#7889;i &#432;u mua h&#224;ng, v&#224; t&#7879;p mua h&#224;ng frequency s&#7869; cao h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; ch&#7889;t &#273;&#417;n.</p></li><li><p>Th&#234;m th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p v&#224; creative kh&#225;c nhau ph&#7909;c v&#7909; t&#7915;ng t&#7847;ng c&#7911;a ph&#7877;u chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i (Brand awareness &#8211; Brand trust &#8211; Th&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y mua h&#224;ng). V&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u brand awareness v&#224; brand trust, t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o &#273;i&#7875;m n&#7893;i b&#7853;t c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, reason to believe c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, g&#7907;i nh&#7855;c c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng. V&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u b&#225;n h&#224;ng, nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m n&#7893;i b&#7853;t, qu&#7843;ng b&#225; th&#244;ng tin khuy&#7871;n m&#227;i, qu&#224; t&#7863;ng.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/5-chi-so-facebook-conversion-ad?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/5-chi-so-facebook-conversion-ad?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/5-chi-so-facebook-conversion-ad?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h2><p>Bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#7843; v&#7873; t&#7915; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o, x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;a ra &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#224; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7889;i &#432;u ch&#237;nh l&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m Marketing. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u s&#226;u h&#417;n v&#7873; c&#225;ch khai th&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; t&#7889;i &#432;u chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch theo s&#225;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, h&#227;y tham kh&#7843;o kh&#243;a h&#7885;c <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substacks&amp;utm_content=chi-so-conversion-ads">Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics</a></strong> c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers! B&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c h&#224;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7921;a tr&#234;n case study th&#7921;c t&#7871; m&#7843;ng Marketing, Customer, Sales v&#224; E-commerce d&#432;&#7899;i s&#7921; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#7911;a trainer nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m kinh nghi&#7879;m.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substacks&amp;utm_content=chi-so-conversion-ads" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGyi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff866902a-f05b-460e-b072-1db29bc17b18_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGyi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff866902a-f05b-460e-b072-1db29bc17b18_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGyi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff866902a-f05b-460e-b072-1db29bc17b18_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGyi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff866902a-f05b-460e-b072-1db29bc17b18_1665x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGyi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff866902a-f05b-460e-b072-1db29bc17b18_1665x697.jpeg" width="1456" height="610" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGyi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff866902a-f05b-460e-b072-1db29bc17b18_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGyi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff866902a-f05b-460e-b072-1db29bc17b18_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGyi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff866902a-f05b-460e-b072-1db29bc17b18_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jGyi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff866902a-f05b-460e-b072-1db29bc17b18_1665x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Phân tích đơn biến (univariate analysis) là gì?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Trong to&#225;n th&#7889;ng k&#234;, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia th&#224;nh ba k&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#8211; univariate analysis (ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n), ph&#226;n t&#237;ch hai bi&#7871;n (bivariate analysis), v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n (multivariate analysis).]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/univariate-analysis</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/univariate-analysis</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 10:26:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/27816ed3-17d5-4f56-a195-7b8e396416ff_960x720.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Trong to&#225;n th&#7889;ng k&#234;, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia th&#224;nh ba k&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#8211; univariate analysis (ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n), ph&#226;n t&#237;ch hai bi&#7871;n (bivariate analysis), v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n (multivariate analysis). Quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;o s&#7869; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng bi&#7871;n, lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7841;n c&#243; v&#224; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a suy lu&#7853;n th&#7889;ng k&#234;.</p><p>C&#243; th&#7875; h&#236;nh dung ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#432; vi&#7879;c kh&#225;m ph&#225; t&#7915;ng l&#7899;p c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p. Khi l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, s&#7869; r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; cho&#225;ng ng&#7907;p b&#7903;i s&#7921; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n v&#224; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a ch&#250;ng. Tuy nhi&#234;n, b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#7899;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n, n&#417;i t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o t&#7915;ng bi&#7871;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p, l&#224; c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m quen v&#224; hi&#7875;u r&#245; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, trong m&#7897;t d&#7921; &#225;n kh&#7843;o s&#225;t &#253; ki&#7871;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p tr&#7843; l&#7901;i nhanh c&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i nh&#432;: "&#272;&#7897; tu&#7893;i trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng l&#224; bao nhi&#234;u?" hay "C&#243; bao nhi&#234;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7909; th&#7875;?".</p><p>Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, c&#249;ng Insight Ouch! c&#249;ng t&#236;m hi&#7875;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n (univariate analysis) l&#224; g&#236;, c&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#233;.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/recap-event-huong-dan-doc-va-phan-tich-du-lieu-cho-nguoi-moi-bat-dau/">H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n &#273;&#7885;c v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u cho ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>1. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n (univariate analysis) l&#224; g&#236;?</strong></h2><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n (Univariate analysis) l&#224; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#417; b&#7843;n cho d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7889;ng k&#234;. V&#7899;i k&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y, d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n v&#224; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh v&#7873; l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#243; m&#224; kh&#244;ng xem x&#233;t t&#7899;i m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: b&#7841;n c&#7847;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#7843;o s&#225;t c&#7911;a m&#7897;t l&#7899;p h&#7885;c, c&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224; &#273;&#7871;m s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng nam v&#224; n&#7919; trong ph&#242;ng. D&#7919; li&#7879;u &#7903; &#273;&#226;y ch&#7881; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n v&#224; l&#432;&#7907;ng h&#243;a c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n &#273;&#243;.</p><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n v&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n l&#224; h&#236;nh th&#7913;c &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. M&#7909;c ti&#234;u ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n l&#224; m&#244; t&#7843;, t&#243;m t&#7855;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; t&#236;m ra patterns trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u, th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c t&#236;m ra gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh (mean), mode, gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung v&#7883; (median), &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n (standard deviation), &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u (dispersion),&#8230;</p><p>Trong &#273;&#243;, bi&#7871;n (variable) &#7903; &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n ho&#7863;c t&#7853;p h&#7907;p con d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong m&#7897;t t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7899;n. V&#237; d&#7909;: &#8220;tu&#7893;i&#8221;, &#8220;chi&#7873;u cao&#8221; ho&#7863;c &#8220;c&#226;n n&#7863;ng&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n.</p><h2><strong>2. C&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n</strong></h2><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7871;n h&#224;nh theo nhi&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng kh&#225;c nhau, v&#224; h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c c&#225;ch ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y mang t&#237;nh ch&#7845;t m&#244; t&#7843;. M&#7897;t s&#7889; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t c&#243; th&#7875; k&#7875; &#273;&#7871;n nh&#432;: Frequency Distribution Tables, Frequency Polygons, Histograms, Bar Charts v&#224; Pie Charts.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/data-analysis-la-gi">Data Analysis l&#224; g&#236; &#8211; Quy tr&#236;nh v&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7841;n c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t</a></p><h4><strong>Summary Statistics (Th&#7889;ng k&#234;)</strong></h4><p>Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n l&#224; <em>summary statistics</em>. Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#243;m t&#7855;t m&#7897;t t&#7853;p h&#7907;p c&#225;c quan s&#225;t, nh&#7857;m t&#243;m t&#7855;t th&#244;ng tin m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ng&#7855;n g&#7885;n v&#224; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n.</p><p>C&#243; hai nh&#243;m ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7889;ng k&#234; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t:</p><p><em>&#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u</em>: V&#7899;i lo&#7841;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y, b&#7841;n s&#7869; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u (range), &#273;&#7897; tr&#7843;i gi&#7919;a (interquartile range), ph&#432;&#417;ng sai (variance) v&#224; &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n (standard deviation) &#273;&#7875; m&#244; t&#7843; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n b&#7893; &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7873;u c&#7911;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. C&#7909; th&#7875;:</p><ul><li><p>Range &#8211; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7889;i &#273;a v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u</p></li><li><p>Interquartile Range &#8211; ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch gi&#7919;a 50% gi&#225; tr&#7883;</p></li><li><p>Variance &#8211; &#273;&#7841;i l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7921; ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u so v&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh</p></li><li><p>Standard Deviation- &#273;&#7841;i l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng trung b&#236;nh m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, standard deviation b&#7857;ng c&#259;n b&#7853;c hai c&#7911;a variance.</p></li></ul><p><em>&#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#7853;p trung</em>: &#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh (mean) v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung v&#7883; (median) s&#7869; gi&#250;p m&#244; t&#7843; gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7853;p trung v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ch&#237;nh gi&#7919;a c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><h4><strong>Frequency distribution table (B&#7843;ng ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t)</strong></h4><p>T&#7847;n su&#7845;t c&#7911;a m&#7897;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; s&#7889; l&#7847;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#243; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong t&#7893;ng th&#7875; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;ang xem x&#233;t. B&#7843;ng ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;n th&#7883; c&#225;c bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i (categorical data) ho&#7863;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7841;ng s&#7889; (numeric data). B&#7843;ng ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#243; c&#225;i nh&#236;n t&#7893;ng quan m&#244; t&#7843; v&#7873; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, nh&#7857;m &#273;&#432;a ra pattern chung c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><h4><strong>Bar chart (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t/bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; thanh)</strong></h4><p>Bar chart c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#236;nh b&#224;y theo chi&#7873;u d&#7885;c ho&#7863;c chi&#7873;u ngang, nh&#7857;m so s&#225;nh s&#7921; ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch c&#7911;a m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n trong c&#225;c m&#7889;c th&#7901;i gian kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>V&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; thanh, tr&#7909;c ho&#224;nh (tr&#7909;c x) s&#7869; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; c&#225;c &#273;&#7847;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau v&#224; tr&#7909;c tung (tr&#7909;c y) s&#7869; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n gi&#225; tr&#7883;. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; thanh nh&#236;n v&#224;o t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; so s&#225;nh.</p><h4><strong>Histogram (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t)</strong></h4><p>Histogram c&#243; ph&#7847;n t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; bar chart, nh&#432;ng &#273;o t&#7847;n su&#7845;t thay v&#236; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng theo th&#7901;i gian. Tr&#7909;c x c&#7911;a histogram li&#7879;t k&#234; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a b&#7897; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n, tr&#7909;c y l&#224; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t. T&#7915; histogram, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#7847;n su&#7845;t xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ph&#7841;m vi d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#7863;c c&#7911;a c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau.</p><h4><strong>Frequency Polygon (&#272;a gi&#225;c t&#7847;n su&#7845;t)</strong></h4><p>&#272;a gi&#225;c t&#7847;n su&#7845;t c&#243; ph&#7847;n t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; v&#7899;i histogram, tuy nhi&#234;n &#273;a gi&#225;c t&#7847;n su&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh c&#225;c t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#237;ch l&#361;y. &#272;a gi&#225;c t&#7847;n su&#7845;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><h4><strong>Pie Chart (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#242;n)</strong></h4><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#242;n gi&#250;p m&#244; t&#7843; t&#7927; l&#7879; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m c&#7911;a m&#7895;i ph&#7847;n t&#7917; trong m&#7897;t t&#7893;ng th&#7875;. T&#7893;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; c&#7911;a m&#7895;i c&#225;c m&#7909;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; b&#7857;ng 100%.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/chon-bieu-do">Data Visualization l&#224; g&#236;? C&#225;c lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a></p><h2><strong>3. V&#237; d&#7909; c&#7911;a ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n</strong></h2><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n l&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#7845;t b&#7903;i b&#7841;n ch&#7881; c&#7847;n x&#7917; l&#253; duy nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n v&#224; quan t&#226;m t&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i m&#244; t&#7843; c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n &#273;&#243;. K&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y kh&#244;ng y&#234;u c&#7847;u b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u s&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng quan v&#224; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; nh&#226;n qu&#7843; c&#7911;a hai bi&#7871;n v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; m&#244; t&#7843; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; t&#236;m ra pattern trong &#273;&#243;.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, &#8220;chi&#7873;u cao&#8221; c&#7911;a c&#225;c h&#7885;c sinh trong m&#7897;t l&#7899;p h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n. C&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; m&#244; t&#7843; duy nh&#7845;t bi&#7871;n chi&#7873;u cao v&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n b&#7845;t k&#7923; m&#7889;i t&#432;&#417;ng quan v&#7899;i bi&#7871;n n&#224;o kh&#225;c. T&#7915; nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; r&#250;t ra pattern, m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n t&#225;n v&#224; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#7853;p trung c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u chi&#7873;u cao h&#7885;c sinh th&#244;ng qua histograms, frequency distribution table, bar charts,&#8230; D&#7921;a v&#224;o &#273;&#226;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i nh&#432;: H&#7885;c sinh n&#224;o cao nh&#7845;t trong l&#7899;p h&#7885;c? Chi&#7873;u cao trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a h&#7885;c sinh trong l&#7899;p? Chi&#7873;u cao c&#7911;a c&#225;c h&#7885;c sinh c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7853;p trung &#7903; kho&#7843;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#224;o?</p><p>Trong v&#237; d&#7909; tr&#234;n, qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ch&#7881; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o bi&#7871;n &#8220;chi&#7873;u cao&#8221;. N&#7871;u c&#243; th&#234;m bi&#7871;n &#8220;c&#226;n n&#7863;ng&#8221;, &#8220;tu&#7893;i&#8221; hay &#8220;gi&#7899;i t&#237;nh&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;a v&#224;o ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch hai bi&#7871;n (bivariate analysis), v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n (multivariate analysis).</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/univariate-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/univariate-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/univariate-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h2><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n m&#7863;c d&#249; l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#7845;t, nh&#432;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#243; mang l&#7841;i trong vi&#7879;c m&#244; t&#7843; d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ph&#7911; nh&#7853;n. V&#236; v&#7853;y, &#273;&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch v&#224; khai th&#225;c t&#7889;i &#273;a ngu&#7891;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n n&#226;ng cao t&#432; duy v&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng th&#7889;ng k&#234; m&#244; t&#7843; nh&#7857;m ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o c&#225;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#432;a ra ch&#237;nh x&#225;c. T&#432; duy l&#224;m vi&#7879;c, x&#7917; l&#253;, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra c&#225;c insight &#7849;n, ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7843;m t&#237;nh l&#224; n&#7897;i dung ch&#237;nh m&#224; <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=nivariate-analysis">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers</a></strong> s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n trang b&#7883;. Tham kh&#7843;o ngay nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=univariate-analysis" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gJlF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1095e584-17e4-48d0-adba-9436d93e69b2_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gJlF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1095e584-17e4-48d0-adba-9436d93e69b2_1665x697.jpeg 848w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Data Analysis – Phân tích số liệu bắt đầu từ đâu?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Y&#234;u c&#7847;u m&#7899;i cho m&#7897;t marketer l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u (data analysis) &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c. Tuy nhi&#234;n, ph&#7843;i l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#7871; n&#224;o? Qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u s&#7889; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau ph&#7843;i x&#7917; l&#253; ra sao?]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 25 Dec 2024 09:38:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9c1c6991-2f28-4a8e-ae35-487176634790_1024x647.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Marketing &#273;ang ng&#224;y c&#224;ng ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7841;nh m&#7869; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thu th&#7853;p m&#7885;i l&#250;c, m&#7885;i n&#417;i. S&#7889; li&#7879;u (data) tr&#7903; th&#224;nh trung t&#226;m c&#7911;a c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh marketing, t&#7915; doanh nghi&#7879;p l&#7899;n cho t&#7899;i c&#225;c SME, startup. V&#236; v&#7853;y, y&#234;u c&#7847;u m&#7899;i cho m&#7897;t marketer &#273;&#7875; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i trong k&#7881; nguy&#234;n s&#7889; l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i s&#7889; li&#7879;u, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u (data analysis) &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>Ph&#7843;i l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#7871; n&#224;o? Qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u s&#7889; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau ph&#7843;i x&#7917; l&#253; ra sao? N&#7871;u ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o b&#224;i b&#7843;n, ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c s&#7907; h&#227;i m&#7895;i khi &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n v&#7899;i &#8220;bi&#7875;n&#8221; s&#7889; li&#7879;u n&#224;y. Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y, Insight Ouch! s&#7869; gi&#250;p c&#225;c b&#7841;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u nh&#7919;ng b&#237; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; chinh ph&#7909;c Data analysis nh&#233;!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>5 b&#432;&#7899;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#7889; li&#7879;u</strong></h2><h3><strong>1. X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7909;c ti&#234;u (objective)</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#7875; vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#7889; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#250;ng tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m, ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m th&#7901;i gian v&#224; c&#244;ng s&#7913;c, marketer c&#7847;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/3-loai-muc-tieu-trong-marketing-cac-marketers-can-phan-biet/">m&#7909;c ti&#234;u kinh doanh, m&#7909;c ti&#234;u marketing</a> &#273;&#7875; t&#7915; &#273;&#243; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#7889; li&#7879;u nh&#7857;m gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; g&#236; v&#224; l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u n&#224;y.</p><p>Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, nh&#227;n h&#224;ng Ariel mong mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u t&#259;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng gel gi&#7863;t t&#7841;i th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng Vi&#7879;t Nam, v&#224; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u n&#224;y, Ariel &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i th&#225;ch th&#7913;c thay &#273;&#7893;i h&#224;nh vi c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang s&#7917; d&#7909;ng n&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7863;t &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; chuy&#7875;n sang s&#7917; d&#7909;ng gel gi&#7863;t. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#7869; c&#7847;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o c&#225;c s&#7889; li&#7879;u li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i h&#224;nh vi, th&#243;i quen c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng n&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7863;t, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7873; ra nh&#7919;ng gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p gi&#250;p Ariel &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u n&#234;u tr&#234;n.</p><h3><strong>2. Thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h3><p>C&#243; hai lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#417; b&#7843;n m&#224; marketer c&#7847;n thu th&#7853;p:</p><ul><li><p><strong>D&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#417; c&#7845;p:</strong> Thu th&#7853;p tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p th&#244;ng qua b&#7843;ng h&#7887;i, ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n s&#226;u, ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n nh&#243;m</p></li><li><p><strong>D&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7913; c&#7845;p:</strong> Thu th&#7853;p c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#227; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i, th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#432;u tr&#7919; t&#7841;i c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#225;c c&#417; quan nh&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c, c&#225;c marketing agency&#8230;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>3. X&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h3><p>C&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7899;i thu th&#7853;p c&#242;n &#7903; d&#7841;ng &#8220;t&#432;&#417;i s&#7889;ng&#8221; (raw), c&#7847;n tr&#7843;i qua c&#244;ng &#273;o&#7841;n ki&#7871;m ch&#7913;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c, kh&#225;ch quan.</p><p>Sau &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#236;nh b&#224;y d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng b&#7843;ng (d&#224;nh cho d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n) v&#224; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; (d&#224;nh cho d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p, thay &#273;&#7893;i theo th&#7901;i gian). Marketer c&#7847;n h&#7871;t s&#7913;c th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng khi l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n h&#236;nh th&#7913;c c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh nguy c&#417; b&#7887; s&#243;t nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin quan tr&#7885;ng c&#243; vai tr&#242; khai ph&#225; nh&#7919;ng insight m&#7899;i. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#242;n th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#236;nh b&#224;y c&#225;c s&#7889; li&#7879;u v&#7873; th&#7883; ph&#7847;n thu&#7897;c c&#225;c qu&#7889;c gia kh&#225;c nhau, t&#237;nh theo &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m, th&#7871; nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c doanh s&#7889; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;i t&#7915;ng qu&#7889;c gia &#7845;y.</p><h3><strong>4. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c k&#7929; d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7867;:</strong> D&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7867; l&#224; to&#224;n b&#7897; c&#225;c s&#7889; li&#7879;u, b&#7843;ng bi&#7875;u marketer c&#243; trong tay, ch&#432;a qua qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ch&#7885;n l&#7885;c, ph&#226;n nh&#243;m. Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, marketer c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y ngh&#297;a l&#224; g&#236;, m&#244; t&#7843; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;,&#8230;</p></li><li><p><strong>Ph&#226;n nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u:</strong> S&#7855;p x&#7871;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh c&#225;c nh&#243;m c&#243; &#273;i&#7875;m t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7891;ng. 3 nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#237;nh marketer c&#7847;n quan t&#226;m bao g&#7891;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u sales (b&#225;n h&#224;ng), consumer (kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng) v&#224; brand (th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u)</p></li><li><p><strong>So s&#225;nh, t&#236;m ra &#273;i&#7875;m b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng:</strong> Sau khi &#273;&#227; s&#7855;p x&#7871;p c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y v&#224;o c&#225;c nh&#243;m kh&#225;c nhau, nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; ti&#7871;p theo c&#7911;a marketer l&#224; so s&#225;nh ch&#250;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;c giai &#273;o&#7841;n tr&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u thu &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7873; &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911;. Ch&#250; &#253; t&#7899;i c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng (VD: c&#225;c giai &#273;o&#7841;n t&#259;ng ho&#7863;c gi&#7843;m m&#7841;nh) b&#7903;i ch&#250;ng c&#243; th&#7875; h&#233; l&#7897; nh&#7919;ng insight m&#7899;i m&#7867;.</p></li></ul><h3><strong>5. K&#7871; ho&#7841;ch h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng</strong></h3><ul><li><p>&#272;&#432;a ra 1-2 k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n ch&#237;nh, li&#234;n quan tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p t&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u ban &#273;&#7847;u</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#432;a ra &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t: th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; 3 &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t (2 &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t cho c&#225;c gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n v&#224; 1 &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t cho gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p d&#224;i h&#7841;n)</p></li><li><p>Th&#7921;c thi: qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng ho&#224;n th&#224;nh cho t&#7899;i khi m&#7897;t k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch th&#7921;c thi c&#7909; th&#7875;, chi ti&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7873; ra.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>L&#224;m quen v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#237;nh trong market research</strong></h2><p>Nh&#432; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#7903; tr&#234;n, d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong market research c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#226;n th&#224;nh 3 nh&#243;m ch&#237;nh: sales, consumer v&#224; brand</p><h3><strong>1. Nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u sales</strong></h3><p>Nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u sales &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i<a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/research-tracking-loai-hinh-research-co-the-ban-chua-biet/"> h&#224;ng h&#243;a t&#7915; doanh nghi&#7879;p ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i t&#7899;i c&#225;c k&#234;nh b&#225;n h&#224;ng, c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; Retail Audit</a>. K&#234;nh b&#225;n h&#224;ng c&#243; th&#7875; chia th&#224;nh 02 lo&#7841;i ch&#237;nh: On-premise (ti&#234;u d&#249;ng t&#7841;i ch&#7895;, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; u&#7889;ng bia ngay t&#7841;i qu&#225;n bia) v&#224; Off-Premise (ti&#234;u d&#249;ng t&#7841;i nh&#224;, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; mua bia t&#7841;i c&#7917;a h&#224;ng r&#7891;i v&#7873; nh&#224; u&#7889;ng). Hai k&#234;nh n&#224;y ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia nh&#7887; th&#224;nh k&#234;nh truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng (ch&#7907;, c&#7917;a h&#224;ng t&#7841;p h&#243;a theo h&#7897; gia &#273;&#236;nh) v&#224; k&#234;nh hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i (si&#234;u th&#7883;, c&#7917;a h&#224;ng ti&#7879;n l&#7907;i, trung t&#226;m th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i, k&#234;nh th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917;&#8230;).</p><p>Trong nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u sales c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; d&#7919; li&#7879;u sau c&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253;:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Value/volume sales:</strong> Doanh s&#7889; b&#225;n h&#224;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n tr&#234;n c&#417; s&#7903; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ho&#7863;c kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng h&#224;ng b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. D&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y gi&#250;p marketer s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#7857;m &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7893;ng k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng, nh&#224; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t ho&#7863;c di&#7877;n bi&#7871;n ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u</p></li><li><p><strong>Value/Volume share:</strong> Th&#7883; ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u tr&#234;n t&#7893;ng th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ho&#7863;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c c&#7909; th&#7875;, cho th&#7845;y hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t c&#7911;a m&#7897;t nh&#224; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t/ th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh v&#7899;i &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; c&#7841;nh tranh</p></li><li><p><strong>Value/Volume share of trade:</strong> ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m doanh s&#7889; t&#7915; m&#7897;t s&#7889; k&#234;nh ho&#7863;c th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh trong t&#7893;ng s&#7889; doanh nghi&#7879;p, cho th&#7845;y t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c k&#234;nh/th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#7909; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i t&#7893;ng th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng (k&#234;nh n&#224;o, th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;o &#273;ang &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p doanh s&#7889; nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t, n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7853;p trung n&#7895; l&#7921;c marketing? C&#243; khu v&#7921;c n&#224;o &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7853;p trung qu&#225; m&#7913;c hay kh&#244;ng?)</p></li><li><p><strong>Numeric Distribution:</strong> S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7917;a h&#224;ng c&#243; b&#225;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p tr&#234;n t&#7893;ng s&#7889; c&#7917;a h&#224;ng trong th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng</p></li><li><p><strong>Weighted Distribution:</strong> S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng h&#224;ng b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;i t&#7915;ng c&#7917;a h&#224;ng.</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/phan-biet-num-distribution-va-weighted-distribution/">Ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t Numeric distribution (NUM) v&#224; Weighted distribution (WTD)</a></p><p>Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; gia t&#259;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7917;a h&#224;ng m&#224; doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#242;n c&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253; t&#259;ng doanh s&#7889; t&#7841;i t&#7915;ng c&#7917;a h&#224;ng. C&#225;c c&#7917;a h&#224;ng l&#7899;n v&#7899;i k&#7879; h&#224;ng k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c l&#7899;n, thu h&#250;t &#273;&#244;ng &#273;&#7843;o ng&#432;&#7901;i mua h&#224;ng l&#224; c&#225;c k&#234;nh n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#250; tr&#7885;ng.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Price per pack:</strong> Gi&#225; b&#225;n l&#7867; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng, gi&#250;p &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7921;c t&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;n tr&#234;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng so v&#7899;i gi&#225; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t, bi&#7875;u th&#7883; nh&#7919;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; x&#7843;y ra t&#7841;i c&#225;c c&#7917;a h&#224;ng (ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; s&#7921; gi&#7843;m s&#250;t c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m), &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a gi&#225; so v&#7899;i doanh s&#7889;. Price per pack &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng (m&#7913;c gi&#225; 1 x s&#7889; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7903; m&#7913;c gi&#225; 1 + m&#7913;c gi&#225; 2 x s&#7889; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7903; m&#7913;c gi&#225; 2+ &#8230;.)/t&#7893;ng s&#7889; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c</p></li><li><p><strong>Average Price:</strong> M&#7913;c gi&#225; trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p c&#243; nhi&#7873;u k&#237;ch c&#7905;, h&#236;nh th&#7913;c &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;i kh&#225;c nhau, th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; gi&#225; trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a 1 l&#237;t, 1kg, 1 gam,&#8230; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m</p></li></ul><h3><strong>2. Nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng:</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Penetration:</strong> S&#7889; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m h&#7897; gia &#273;&#236;nh &#273;&#227; mua s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m trong th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ho&#7863;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c &#237;t nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t l&#7847;n trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh. Penetration kh&#244;ng ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o s&#7889; l&#7847;n mua. M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; mua bao nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n c&#361;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh m&#7897;t l&#7847;n. <strong>Penetration = T&#7893;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i mua h&#224;ng / t&#7893;ng s&#7889; h&#224;ng</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Frequency:</strong> S&#7889; l&#7847;n mua h&#224;ng trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a ng&#224;nh h&#224;ng/nh&#227;n h&#224;ng &#7903; m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n t&#7893;ng s&#7889; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i mua ng&#224;nh h&#224;ng/nh&#227;n h&#224;ng n&#224;y. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, frequency l&#224; s&#7889; l&#7847;n mua h&#224;ng trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i mua h&#224;ng trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian. <strong>Frequency = T&#7893;ng s&#7889; l&#7847;n mua h&#224;ng / T&#7893;ng s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i mua.</strong></p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/su-khac-biet-giua-volume-per-trip-va-volume-per-buyer/">D&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng &#8211; Volume per trip v&#224; Volume per buyer</a></p><h3><strong>3. Nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Brand Equity: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/marketing-thuong-hieu-dau-la-5-thuat-ngu-ban-phai-nam-long/">Brand Equity </a>&#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n m&#7897;t s&#7889; ti&#234;u ch&#237; nh&#432; th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u c&#243; &#273;&#225;ng ti&#7873;n hay kh&#244;ng, c&#243; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i mua hay kh&#244;ng, ng&#432;&#7901;i mua h&#224;ng c&#243; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng chi nhi&#7873;u ti&#7873;n h&#417;n cho th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u hay kh&#244;ng&#8230;</p></li><li><p><strong>Brand Health:</strong> Brand Health th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng qua ba ti&#234;u ch&#237; Presence (bi&#7871;t t&#7899;i th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u), Relevance (Mu&#7889;n mua), Conviction (th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u n&#224;y l&#224; s&#7921; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t)</p></li></ul><h3><strong>4. M&#7897;t s&#7889; lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; th&#7901;i gian m&#224; marketers c&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253;:</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Year To Date (YTD):</strong> L&#224; kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian t&#7915; th&#225;ng 01 &#273;&#7871;n giai &#273;o&#7841;n m&#7899;i nh&#7845;t</p></li><li><p><strong>Moving Annual Total (MAT):</strong> &#272;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh t&#7915; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i l&#249;i v&#7873; 01 n&#259;m, gi&#250;p marketer nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7873; t&#236;nh h&#236;nh t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng, t&#7847;m nh&#236;n chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c c&#7911;a th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>Tips v&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h2><ul><li><p>Lu&#244;n ki&#7875;m tra t&#237;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#8220;raw&#8221;: N&#7871;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7847;u v&#224;o kh&#244;ng ch&#237;nh x&#225;c, m&#7885;i c&#244;ng s&#7913;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; v&#244; &#237;ch</p></li><li><p>L&#7921;a ch&#7885;n minh h&#7885;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7857;ng &#273;&#250;ng lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin quan tr&#7885;ng d&#7851;n t&#7899;i insight c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; b&#7887; s&#243;t</p></li><li><p>T&#236;m ra nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng trong b&#7843;ng bi&#7875;u, &#273;&#243; l&#224; n&#417;i insight xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, h&#227;y quan s&#225;t xem c&#243; th&#225;ng n&#224;o doanh s&#7889; b&#7895;ng t&#259;ng hay gi&#7843;m &#273;&#7897;t ng&#7897;t hay kh&#244;ng.</p></li><li><p>K&#7871;t n&#7889;i c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u li&#234;n quan: Chia nh&#243;m, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u, t&#236;m ra m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, doanh s&#7889; s&#7909;t gi&#7843;m c&#243; th&#7875; do brand health s&#7909;t gi&#7843;m, hay frequency &#273;&#227; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n nh&#432; tr&#432;&#7899;c.</p></li><li><p>Ph&#7843;i hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7913;c tranh to&#224;n c&#7843;nh: Khi k&#7871;t n&#7889;i, so s&#225;nh c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7847;n t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t b&#7913;c tranh t&#7893;ng quan, m&#7897;t &#8220;flow&#8221; th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t l&#253; gi&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u ban &#273;&#7847;u</p></li></ul><p>Khi b&#7883; &#8220;l&#7841;c tr&#244;i&#8221; trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u, hay quay v&#7873; v&#7899;i 6P</p><ul><li><p><strong>Proposition:</strong> &#272;&#7883;nh v&#7883; &#273;&#227; r&#245; r&#224;ng, th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t, li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u hay ch&#432;a?</p></li><li><p><strong>Product:</strong> S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#227; &#273;&#250;ng ph&#226;n kh&#250;c th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng hay ch&#432;a? C&#225;c ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; g&#236; kh&#244;ng?</p></li><li><p><strong>Package:</strong> K&#237;ch c&#7905;, ch&#7911;ng lo&#7841;i c&#7911;a bao b&#236;, th&#244;ng tin in tr&#234;n bao b&#236;</p></li><li><p><strong>Price:</strong> Price per pack, m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng, gi&#7843;m gi&#225;,&#8230;</p></li><li><p><strong>Promotion:</strong> Hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng khuy&#7871;n m&#7841;i, gi&#7843;m gi&#225;</p></li><li><p><strong>Place:</strong> C&#225;c k&#234;nh ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i, l&#432;&#7907;ng h&#224;ng c&#243; s&#7861;n t&#7841;i c&#225;c c&#7917;a h&#224;ng</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div></li></ul><h2>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</h2><p>Trong k&#7881; nguy&#234;n s&#7889;, m&#7897;t marketer chuy&#234;n nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n &#273;&#7843;m nhi&#7879;m r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; kh&#225;c nhau. Trong &#273;&#243; t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#7889; li&#7879;u l&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; thi&#7871;u, b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng s&#7889; li&#7879;u trong c&#225;c m&#7843;ng Retail Audit, Consumer Insight, Brand Health v&#224; Digital Performance, &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; tin &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c cho doanh nghi&#7879;p. Ch&#237;nh v&#236; th&#7871; &#273;&#7915;ng b&#7887; l&#7905; <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=data_analysis_bat_dau_tu_dau">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers</a></strong> &#273;&#7875; c&#7911;ng c&#7889; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c marketing b&#224;i b&#7843;n, t&#7921; tin gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; marketing tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; b&#7841;n nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=data_analysis_bat_dau_tu_dau" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f6bx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94624eab-0833-4765-bb06-a2583b26f3b2_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f6bx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94624eab-0833-4765-bb06-a2583b26f3b2_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f6bx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94624eab-0833-4765-bb06-a2583b26f3b2_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!f6bx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F94624eab-0833-4765-bb06-a2583b26f3b2_1665x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Biểu đồ boxplot là gì và đọc hiểu biểu đồ này như nào?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Boxplot l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; quan tr&#7885;ng trong l&#297;nh v&#7921;c Data Visualization, n&#7893;i b&#7853;t nh&#7901; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#243;m t&#7855;t v&#224; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n th&#244;ng tin m&#244; t&#7843; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#7881; trong m&#7897;t h&#236;nh &#7843;nh.]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/boxplot</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/boxplot</guid><pubDate>Wed, 18 Dec 2024 08:01:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; hay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong Data Visualization l&#224; Boxplot. D&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y c&#243; &#432;u &#273;i&#7875;m l&#224; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n v&#224; t&#243;m t&#7855;t r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u th&#244;ng tin m&#244; t&#7843; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c b&#225;o c&#225;o c&#243; th&#7875; r&#250;t ra nhi&#7873;u insight kh&#225;c nhau. Nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng b&#7903;i v&#7853;y, d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y &#273;&#244;i khi c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#243; hi&#7875;u &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o so v&#7899;i c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; quen thu&#7897;c nh&#432; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng (line chart) ho&#7863;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t (bar chart). V&#7853;y bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot l&#224; g&#236;, &#273;&#7885;c hi&#7875;u bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot nh&#432; n&#224;o v&#224; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u ra sao? H&#227;y c&#249;ng Insight Ouch! kh&#225;m ph&#225; c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y nh&#233;!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>1. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; h&#7897;p (boxplot) l&#224; g&#236;?</strong></h2><p>Box plot (hay c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; Box and Whisker plot) l&#224; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; m&#244; t&#7843; s&#7921; ph&#226;n b&#7889; gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7841;ng ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i (category data). Trong &#273;&#243;:</p><ul><li><p>&#272;&#7897; d&#224;i c&#7911;a h&#7897;p bi&#7875;u th&#7883; ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a 50% d&#7919; li&#7879;u trung t&#226;m;</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#432;&#7901;ng k&#7867; gi&#7919;a h&#7897;p l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung v&#7883; c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u (median);</p></li><li><p>C&#225;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng k&#7867; b&#234;n ngo&#224;i (c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;) m&#244; t&#7843; ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#224;i kho&#7843;ng 25% v&#224; 75% d&#7919; li&#7879;u trung t&#226;m;</p></li><li><p>C&#225;c d&#7845;u ch&#7845;m b&#234;n ngo&#224;i l&#224; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png" width="877" height="486" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:486,&quot;width&quot;:877,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; h&#7897;p (boxplot) l&#224; g&#236;?&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; h&#7897;p (boxplot) l&#224; g&#236;?" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#237; d&#7909; tr&#234;n &#273;&#226;y m&#244; t&#7843; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng h&#224;ng ng&#224;y c&#7911;a m&#7897;t digital app, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#243;m l&#7841;i theo t&#7915;ng th&#225;ng. T&#7915; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y, ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng t&#259;ng d&#7847;n t&#7915; kho&#7843;ng 75 l&#432;&#7907;t/ng&#224;y trong th&#225;ng 1 l&#234;n kho&#7843;ng 95 l&#432;&#7907;t/ng&#224;y trong th&#225;ng 8, trong khi s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng trung b&#236;nh gi&#7843;m nh&#7865; trong th&#225;ng 11 v&#224; th&#225;ng 12. B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c d&#7845;u ch&#7845;m th&#236; cho th&#7845;y c&#243; hai ng&#224;y trong th&#225;ng 6 v&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#224;y trong th&#225;ng 10 c&#243; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng th&#7845;p so v&#7899;i c&#225;c ng&#224;y kh&#225;c trong th&#225;ng.</p><p>Nh&#236;n chung, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p nhi&#7873;u insight v&#224; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch tr&#7921;c quan v&#7873; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng chung c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, so v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png" width="807" height="456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:456,&quot;width&quot;:807,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot trong d&#224;i h&#7841;n&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot trong d&#224;i h&#7841;n" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng (category data). Nh&#236;n v&#224;o bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot , ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i, t&#237;nh &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng v&#224; &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch (skewness), ph&#432;&#417;ng sai (variance), gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung v&#7883; (median), c&#225;c ph&#226;n v&#7883; Q1, Q3 v&#224; nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Nh&#7901; v&#7853;y, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#237;nh n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#226;u v&#224; so s&#225;nh ph&#7841;m vi n&#224;y gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, nh&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; quan s&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chi ti&#7871;t c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#432; histogram.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png" width="999" height="640" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:640,&quot;width&quot;:999,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; histogram ho&#7863;c boxplot  &quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; histogram ho&#7863;c boxplot  " title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>M&#7897;t t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; histogram ho&#7863;c boxplot nh&#432; h&#236;nh tr&#234;n &#273;&#226;y</em></p><h2><strong>2. &#272;&#7885;c hi&#7875;u bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot nh&#432; n&#224;o?</strong></h2><p>&#272;&#7875; hi&#7875;u v&#7873; boxplot , &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n b&#7841;n c&#7847;n l&#224;m quen v&#7899;i <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/percentile-la-gi-percentile-duoc-ung-dung-va-tinh-toan-nhu-nao/">kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m percentile v&#224; quartile</a>.</p><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot chia t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh c&#225;c ph&#7847;n t&#432; c&#243; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7857;ng nhau (quartile). Ph&#7847;n t&#432; &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n (Q1) l&#7899;n h&#417;n 25% d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; nh&#7887; h&#417;n 75% c&#242;n l&#7841;i. Ph&#7847;n t&#432; th&#7913; hai (Q2) n&#7857;m &#7903; gi&#7919;a, chia &#273;&#244;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Q2 c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; trung v&#7883; (median). Ph&#7847;n t&#432; th&#7913; ba (Q3) l&#7899;n h&#417;n 75% d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; nh&#7887; h&#417;n 25% c&#242;n l&#7841;i. Trong m&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot , c&#225;c hai gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n c&#7911;a h&#7897;p v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng trung t&#226;m c&#7911;a n&#243; &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u v&#7883; tr&#237; c&#7911;a ba ph&#7847;n t&#432; n&#224;y.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png" width="1018" height="490" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:490,&quot;width&quot;:1018,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#7885;c hi&#7875;u bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot nh&#432; n&#224;o&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="&#272;&#7885;c hi&#7875;u bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot nh&#432; n&#224;o" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a Q3 v&#224; Q1 &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; kho&#7843;ng t&#7913; ph&#226;n v&#7883; (IQR), &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; quan tr&#7885;ng trong vi&#7879;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7897; d&#224;i c&#7911;a r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;. &#272;&#7897; d&#224;i c&#7911;a r&#226;u k&#233;o d&#224;i &#273;&#7871;n &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u xa nh&#7845;t v&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7857;ng 1,5 l&#7847;n IQR. Nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#234;n ngo&#224;i ph&#7841;m vi n&#224;y s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u th&#7883; b&#7857;ng d&#7845;u ch&#7845;m.</p><p>Khi d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng nhau, r&#226;u c&#7911;a h&#7897;p th&#7875; hi&#7879;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh s&#7869; n&#7857;m &#7903; v&#7883; tr&#237; trung t&#226;m c&#7911;a h&#7897;p v&#224; kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a Q1 v&#224; Q2 s&#7869; b&#7857;ng kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a Q2 v&#224; Q3. C&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai s&#7869; c&#243; m&#7863;t &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng &#7903; hai b&#234;n c&#7911;a h&#7897;p. N&#7871;u m&#7897;t ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i b&#7883; l&#7879;ch, th&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng k&#7867; Q2 s&#7869; kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; ch&#237;nh gi&#7919;a h&#7897;p m&#224; l&#7879;ch v&#236; m&#7897;t ph&#237;a. &#272;&#7897; d&#224;i r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#361;ng s&#7869; m&#7845;t c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i b&#234;n d&#224;i h&#417;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai h&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png" width="1068" height="422" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:422,&quot;width&quot;:1068,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; m&#7845;t c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i do c&#243; nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; m&#7845;t c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i do c&#243; nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/khai-niem-thong-ke-statistics/">10 kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t khi l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; Data nh&#233;!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>3. &#7912;ng d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h2><h3><em><strong>So s&#225;nh c&#225;c nh&#243;m kh&#225;c nhau</strong></em></h3><p>Box plot th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#7857;m m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch so s&#225;nh (comparison) ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; l&#224; bao qu&#225;t trong vi&#7879;c t&#243;m t&#7855;t c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7889;ng k&#234; m&#244; t&#7843; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c b&#225;o c&#225;o d&#7877; d&#224;ng so s&#225;nh c&#225;c nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#244;ng qua ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a h&#7897;p v&#224; r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;.</p><p>N&#7871;u ch&#7881; c&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng (category data), bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot s&#7869; ch&#7881; gi&#250;p t&#243;m t&#7855;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; thi&#7871;u kh&#7843; n&#259;ng hi&#7875;n th&#7883; c&#225;c chi ti&#7871;t v&#7873; h&#236;nh d&#7841;ng c&#7911;a ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y, b&#7841;n n&#234;n l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chi ti&#7871;t h&#417;n nh&#432; histogram ho&#7863;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; (density curve).</p><h3><em><strong>&#272;&#225;nh gi&#225; th&#7913; t&#7921; c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m</strong></em></h3><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7855;p x&#7871;p th&#7913; t&#7921; c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a h&#7897;p, gi&#250;p &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; ph&#7841;m vi gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng.</p><p>Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#225;c h&#7897;p s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p theo m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng d&#7847;n c&#7911;a gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung v&#7883; Q2.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png" width="1042" height="562" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:562,&quot;width&quot;:1042,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&#7912;ng d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot: &#272;&#225;nh gi&#225; th&#7913; t&#7921; c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="&#7912;ng d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot: &#272;&#225;nh gi&#225; th&#7913; t&#7921; c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>4. C&#225;c th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot</strong></h2><h3><em><strong>Chi&#7873;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot</strong></em></h3><p>Nh&#7857;m m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch r&#245; r&#224;ng v&#224; d&#7877; &#273;&#7885;c h&#417;n, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; linh ho&#7841;t trong vi&#7879;c c&#259;n ch&#7881;nh m&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot sao cho h&#7897;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7863;t theo chi&#7873;u d&#7885;c (v&#7899;i c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng n&#7857;m tr&#234;n tr&#7909;c ngang) ho&#7863;c theo chi&#7873;u ngang (v&#7899;i c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p theo chi&#7873;u d&#7885;c).</p><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot ngang s&#7869; ph&#249; h&#7907;p h&#417;n n&#7871;u b&#7841;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng ho&#7863;c c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#243; c&#243; &#273;&#7897; d&#224;i kh&#244;ng th&#237;ch h&#7907;p &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; theo chi&#7873;u d&#7885;c, h&#7841;n ch&#7871; vi&#7879;c ph&#7843;i xoay bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c ho&#7863;c c&#7855;t b&#7899;t t&#234;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#243;.</p><p>Trong khi &#273;&#243;, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot d&#7885;c th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng h&#417;n khi c&#225;c bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng l&#224; &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; th&#7901;i gian.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png" width="1093" height="364" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:364,&quot;width&quot;:1093,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Chi&#7873;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot &quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Chi&#7873;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot " title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><em><strong>Chi&#7873;u d&#224;i ph&#7841;m vi h&#7897;p</strong></em></h3><p>Chi&#7873;u r&#7897;ng/ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a h&#7897;p bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a m&#7895;i nh&#243;m. Chi&#7873;u r&#7897;ng c&#7911;a h&#7897;p th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia t&#7927; l&#7879; theo c&#259;n b&#7853;c hai c&#7911;a s&#7889; &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u, v&#236; c&#259;n b&#7853;c hai s&#7869; t&#7927; l&#7879; thu&#7853;n v&#7899;i sai s&#7889; chu&#7849;n (standard error) c&#7911;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883;. B&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7893; sung ch&#250; th&#237;ch s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i m&#7895;i nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c b&#225;o c&#225;o d&#7877; d&#224;ng n&#7855;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c m&#7851;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png" width="868" height="475" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:475,&quot;width&quot;:868,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Chi&#7873;u d&#224;i ph&#7841;m vi h&#7897;p&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Chi&#7873;u d&#224;i ph&#7841;m vi h&#7897;p" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i, b&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; so s&#225;nh c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#226;n v&#7883; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch so s&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng k&#7867; b&#234;n trong h&#7897;p.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png" width="861" height="479" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:479,&quot;width&quot;:861,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;V&#237; d&#7909; Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="V&#237; d&#7909; Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot ph&#237;a tr&#234;n cho th&#7845;y Quy tr&#236;nh B &#273;ang t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#7899;i c&#225;c th&#7901;i gian h&#7887;ng cao h&#417;n.</em></p><h3><em><strong>&#272;&#7897; d&#224;i r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#224; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai</strong></em></h3><p>C&#243; nhi&#7873;u c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7897; d&#224;i t&#7889;i &#273;a c&#7911;a r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;. C&#225;ch ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#7845;y gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng 1,5 l&#7847;n IQR t&#7915; m&#7895;i &#273;&#7847;u h&#7897;p.</p><p>C&#225;ch th&#7913; hai, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u &#273;&#7897; d&#224;i t&#7889;i &#273;a c&#7911;a r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; t&#7841;i m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#226;n v&#7883; kh&#225;c t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; gi&#225; tr&#7883; Q1, Q2 v&#224; Q3. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7889;i &#273;a n&#224;y l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#7903; ph&#226;n v&#7883; 9% v&#224; 91%, ho&#7863;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#7903; ph&#226;n v&#7883; 2% v&#224; 98%. Vi&#7879;c l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n kho&#7843;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#224;y s&#7869; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n (normal distribution) c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Theo ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n, kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a ph&#226;n v&#7883; 9% v&#224; 25% (ho&#7863;c 91% v&#224; 75%) ph&#7843;i c&#243; c&#249;ng k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c v&#7899;i kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a ph&#226;n v&#7883; 25% v&#224; 50% (ho&#7863;c 50% v&#224; 75%), trong khi kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a ph&#226;n v&#7883; 2% v&#224; 25% (ho&#7863;c 98% v&#224; 75%) ph&#7843;i b&#7857;ng kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a ph&#226;n v&#7883; 25% v&#224; 75%. D&#7921;a v&#224;o &#273;&#226;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; nhanh ch&#243;ng nh&#7853;n ra d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng (ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n) hay b&#7845;t &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng (ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i l&#7879;ch).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png" width="1020" height="596" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:596,&quot;width&quot;:1020,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng v&#224; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng v&#224; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>N&#7871;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;ch hai &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ph&#7841;m vi chi&#7873;u d&#224;i c&#7911;a r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, b&#7841;n n&#234;n c&#243; th&#234;m ghi ch&#250; &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n v&#7899;i c&#244;ng th&#7913;c truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;ch th&#7913; nh&#7845;t.</p><h2><strong>5. C&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;</strong></h2><h3><em><strong>Histogram</strong></em></h3><p>Histogram s&#7869; l&#224; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#249; h&#7907;p h&#417;n boxplot n&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng duy nh&#7845;t. D&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y s&#7869; kh&#244;ng m&#244; t&#7843; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c c&#225;c ph&#7847;n t&#432; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#432; boxplot , nh&#432;ng v&#7899;i histogram, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; quan s&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chi ti&#7871;t v&#7873; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p>N&#7871;u c&#243; hai ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7921;c quan b&#7857;ng nhi&#7873;u bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; histogram &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7871;p ch&#7891;ng l&#234;n nhau, gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot ngang &#7903; h&#236;nh d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y. Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; r&#7857;ng, khi v&#7869; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; cho qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng h&#417;n, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; histogram c&#7911;a m&#7895;i nh&#243;m s&#7869; ng&#224;y c&#224;ng nhi&#7877;u v&#224; kh&#243; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh d&#7841;ng c&#7911;a m&#7895;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;. Ngo&#224;i ra, vi&#7879;c thi&#7871;u c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n vi&#7879;c so s&#225;nh gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m tr&#7903; n&#234;n kh&#243; kh&#259;n h&#417;n. V&#236; v&#7853;y, boxplot s&#7869; ph&#249; h&#7907;p n&#7871;u m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; so s&#225;nh ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png" width="1045" height="440" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:440,&quot;width&quot;:1045,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Histogram&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Histogram" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><em><strong>Violin plot</strong></em></h3><p>M&#7897;t thay th&#7871; cho c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n h&#236;nh h&#7897;p l&#224; c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n v&#297; c&#7847;m. Trong m&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; violon, ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a m&#7895;i nh&#243;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u th&#7883; b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897;. Trong m&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897;, m&#7895;i &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng r&#417;i v&#224;o m&#7897;t ng&#259;n &#273;&#417;n l&#7867; nh&#432; trong bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, m&#224; thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243; &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n di&#7879;n t&#237;ch nh&#7887; v&#224;o t&#7893;ng ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#297; c&#7847;m l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch nh&#7887; g&#7885;n &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#225;c d&#7845;u b&#7893; sung &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#234;m v&#224;o bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#297; c&#7847;m &#273;&#7875; cung c&#7845;p th&#244;ng tin bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; h&#7897;p ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n, nh&#432;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m cho bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; tr&#7903; n&#234;n &#7891;n &#224;o h&#417;n khi &#273;&#7885;c.</p><p>M&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; kh&#225;c t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; boxplot ch&#237;nh l&#224; violin plot. V&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; violin plot, ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a m&#7895;i nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n b&#7857;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; (density curve). N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong n&#224;y l&#224; ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, m&#7895;i &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n t&#7841;o n&#234;n di&#7879;n t&#237;ch c&#7911;a &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong n&#224;y thay v&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#243;m t&#7855;t trong ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a h&#7897;p. Ngo&#224;i ra, t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; boxplot , c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng d&#7845;u ch&#7845;m trong bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; violin plot.</p><p>Violin plot l&#224; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png" width="958" height="576" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:576,&quot;width&quot;:958,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Violin plot&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Violin plot" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/chon-bieu-do">Data Visualization &#8211; C&#225;ch ch&#7885;n lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; minh h&#7885;a t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t cho metrics c&#7911;a b&#7841;n?</a></p><h3><em><strong>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ch&#7919; c&#225;i (Letter-value plots)</strong></em></h3><p>&#272;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n b&#7903;i Hofmann, Kafadar v&#224; Wickham, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; letter-value plot l&#224; m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n. D&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c h&#7897;p ch&#7919; nh&#7853;t &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. H&#7897;p &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n chi&#7871;m 50% di&#7879;n t&#237;ch trung t&#226;m. H&#7897;p th&#7913; hai m&#7903; r&#7897;ng t&#7915; h&#7897;p th&#7913; nh&#7845;t v&#224; chi&#7871;m m&#7897;t n&#7917;a di&#7879;n t&#237;ch c&#242;n l&#7841;i (75% t&#7893;ng th&#7875;, 12,5% c&#242;n l&#7841;i &#7903; m&#7895;i &#273;&#7847;u), trong khi h&#7897;p th&#7913; ba chi&#7871;m m&#7897;t n&#7917;a di&#7879;n t&#237;ch c&#242;n l&#7841;i (87,5% t&#7893;ng th&#7875;, 6,25% c&#242;n l&#7841;i &#7903; m&#7895;i &#273;&#7847;u), v.v. cho &#273;&#7871;n khi k&#7871;t th&#250;c v&#224; c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#242;n l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png" width="1011" height="323" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:323,&quot;width&quot;:1011,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ch&#7919; c&#225;i&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ch&#7919; c&#225;i" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>D&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#7899;i &#432;u &#273;i&#7875;m gi&#250;p &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh h&#417;n &#7903; c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#7847;n &#273;u&#244;i ngo&#224;i c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u khi b&#7841;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u h&#417;n. Ngo&#224;i ra, khi c&#224;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u, s&#7869; c&#224;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai.</p><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y v&#7851;n c&#242;n nh&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7875;m trong vi&#7879;c hi&#7875;n th&#7883; m&#7897;t s&#7889; gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7889;ng k&#234; m&#244; t&#7843; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i (v&#237; d&#7909;: gi&#225; tr&#7883; mode), nh&#432;ng d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; cung c&#7845;p nhi&#7873;u insight chi ti&#7871;t khi so s&#225;nh gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n c&#243; qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/4-buoc-data-storytelling">K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u (data storytelling) kh&#244;ng kh&#243; ch&#7881; v&#7899;i 4 b&#432;&#7899;c</a></p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/boxplot?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/boxplot?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/boxplot?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h3><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h3><p>M&#7885;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7873;u &#7849;n ch&#7913;a m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u ch&#7885;n sai d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7881; &#273;ang tr&#236;nh b&#224;y d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n th&#244;ng qua d&#7919; li&#7879;u, ho&#7863;c t&#7879; h&#417;n, vi&#7879;c n&#224;y c&#242;n c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c b&#225;o c&#225;o g&#7863;p ph&#7843;i thi&#234;n ki&#7871;n v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kh&#244;ng ch&#237;nh x&#225;c.</p><p>Bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#224; &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;c quy t&#7855;c tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n g&#7905; r&#7889;i nh&#7919;ng kh&#243; kh&#259;n n&#224;y. Nh&#7919;ng n&#7897;i dung n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;ng d&#7841;y trong <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=data_analysis&amp;utm_content=boxplot">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers</a>. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n trong vi&#7879;c khai th&#225;c tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong kinh doanh, &#273;&#7915;ng b&#7887; l&#7905; kh&#243;a h&#7885;c nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=data_analysis&amp;utm_content=boxplot" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LiPv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f46e763-7fbb-489a-b8a6-420efae9b69f_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LiPv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f46e763-7fbb-489a-b8a6-420efae9b69f_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LiPv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f46e763-7fbb-489a-b8a6-420efae9b69f_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LiPv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f46e763-7fbb-489a-b8a6-420efae9b69f_1665x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LiPv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f46e763-7fbb-489a-b8a6-420efae9b69f_1665x697.jpeg" width="1456" height="610" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7f46e763-7fbb-489a-b8a6-420efae9b69f_1665x697.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:610,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:122536,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=data_analysis&amp;utm_content=boxplot&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/i/153300584?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f46e763-7fbb-489a-b8a6-420efae9b69f_1665x697.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LiPv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f46e763-7fbb-489a-b8a6-420efae9b69f_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LiPv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f46e763-7fbb-489a-b8a6-420efae9b69f_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LiPv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f46e763-7fbb-489a-b8a6-420efae9b69f_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LiPv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f46e763-7fbb-489a-b8a6-420efae9b69f_1665x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#234;n d&#7883;ch t&#7915; <a href="https://chartio.com/learn/charts/box-plot-complete-guide/">chartio</a>, xin vui l&#242;ng kh&#244;ng sao ch&#233;p d&#432;&#7899;i m&#7885;i h&#236;nh th&#7913;c.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Dữ liệu chuỗi thời gian (Time series) là gì? Phân tích dữ liệu chuỗi thời gian như thế nào?]]></title><description><![CDATA[D&#7919; li&#7879;u qu&#225; kh&#7913; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n t&#432;&#417;ng lai ch&#237;nh x&#225;c &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c n&#224;o? H&#227;y kh&#225;m ph&#225; b&#237; quy&#7871;t trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian!]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/time-series</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/time-series</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 09 Dec 2024 09:14:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ed54a915-26f3-4545-9751-2f2f53c24d10_1366x768.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u giao d&#7883;ch, doanh s&#7889; b&#225;n h&#224;ng hay h&#224;nh vi kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; g&#7863;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian. &#272;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; d&#7841;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n m&#224; c&#242;n l&#224; "ch&#236;a kh&#243;a v&#224;ng" gi&#250;p b&#7841;n nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n s&#226;u xa v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kinh doanh.</p><p>Khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; nh&#236;n v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889; m&#224; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i s&#7921; nh&#7841;y b&#233;n &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u. N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng n&#7855;m v&#7919;ng, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7887; l&#7905; nh&#7919;ng c&#417; h&#7897;i quan tr&#7885;ng.</p><p>Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, h&#227;y c&#249;ng Insight Ouch! t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian, c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; <strong>ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian</strong> nh&#233;!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2>1. D&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian (Time Series data) l&#224; g&#236;?</h2><p><strong>D&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian</strong>, hay c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; time series data l&#224; m&#7897;t t&#7853;p h&#7907;p c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thu th&#7853;p theo c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian (ng&#224;y, th&#225;ng, n&#259;m,...), cho ph&#233;p theo d&#245;i s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; n&#224;o &#273;&#243; theo th&#7901;i gian.</p><p>D&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; trong &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng (theo d&#245;i l&#432;&#7907;ng m&#432;a, nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897;, th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7913;ng kho&#225;n,...) m&#224; c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i v&#224; t&#236;m ra xu h&#432;&#7899;ng trong c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng trong doanh nghi&#7879;p theo th&#7901;i gian. V&#237; d&#7909; theo d&#245;i s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;n theo t&#7915;ng th&#225;ng, s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng users truy c&#7853;p v&#224;o website theo ng&#224;y,...</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg" width="858" height="344" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:344,&quot;width&quot;:858,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; PZzlFPL.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; PZzlFPL.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; PZzlFPL.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>V&#237; d&#7909;: S&#7917; d&#7909;ng time series data &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng users truy c&#7853;p v&#224;o website trong 2 th&#225;ng</em></p><p>Vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian (Time Series Analysis) s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n:</p><ul><li><p>Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo th&#7901;i gian.</p></li><li><p>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c bi&#7871;n t&#7841;i c&#225;c th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c nhau.</p></li><li><p>H&#7895; tr&#7907; &#273;&#432;a ra d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#432;&#417;ng lai c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n trong chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian d&#7921;a v&#224;o xu h&#432;&#7899;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;.</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: <a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/rfm">Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM l&#224; g&#236; v&#224; c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng theo RFM</a></strong></p><h2>2. C&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian</h2><p>C&#243; 4 y&#7871;u t&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian, vi&#7879;c n&#7855;m v&#7919;ng nh&#7919;ng &#8220;th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n&#8221; n&#224;y s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; h&#417;n v&#7873; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m v&#224; s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n ch&#237;nh x&#225;c h&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg" width="842" height="422" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:422,&quot;width&quot;:842,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; PUP8OLM.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; PUP8OLM.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; PUP8OLM.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em><a href="https://github.com/ashishpatel26/ML-Notes-in-Markdown/blob/master/11-TimeSeries/01-Introduction.md">Image Source: Github</a></em></p><h3>2.1. Trend (Xu h&#432;&#7899;ng):</h3><p>Xu h&#432;&#7899;ng trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n<strong> s&#7921; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng l&#234;n ho&#7863;c xu&#7889;ng </strong>c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong <strong>m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i.</strong> B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh xu h&#432;&#7899;ng chung d&#7921;a v&#224;o <strong>&#273;&#7897; d&#7889;c</strong> c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#234;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;.</p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch Time Series data:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Upward Trend:</strong> Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#259;ng theo th&#7901;i gian</p></li><li><p><strong>Downward Trend: </strong>Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng gi&#7843;m theo th&#7901;i gian</p></li><li><p><strong>Horizontal Trend:</strong> Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875;, ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7893;i theo th&#7901;i gian</p></li><li><p><strong>Damped Trend: </strong>Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n theo th&#7901;i gian, nh&#432;ng c&#224;ng v&#7873; sau t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#224;ng ch&#7853;m l&#7841;i.</p></li><li><p><strong>Non-linear Trend: </strong>Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u thay &#273;&#7893;i kh&#244;ng theo m&#7897;t xu h&#432;&#7899;ng chung m&#224; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n, c&#243; th&#7875; bao g&#7891;m t&#259;ng, gi&#7843;m, &#273;&#7893;i h&#432;&#7899;ng ho&#7863;c thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#7897;t bi&#7871;n theo th&#7901;i gian</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg" width="375" height="248" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:248,&quot;width&quot;:375,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; 7l7j6kV.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; 7l7j6kV.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; 7l7j6kV.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>2.2. Seasonality (T&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909;):</h3><p>T&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng t&#259;ng ho&#7863;c gi&#7843;m l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian.</p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; t&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch Time Series data:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Weekly Seasonality: </strong>S&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i trong kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian 7 ng&#224;y. V&#237; d&#7909;: s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#233; xem phim t&#7841;i c&#225;c r&#7841;p t&#259;ng m&#7841;nh v&#224;o c&#225;c d&#7883;p cu&#7889;i tu&#7847;n.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p><strong>Monthly Seasonality: </strong>S&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i trong kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian 30 ho&#7863;c 31 ng&#224;y. V&#237; d&#7909;: Chi ti&#234;u c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng shopee t&#259;ng v&#7885;t v&#224;o c&#225;c &#273;&#7907;t sales &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7923; h&#224;ng th&#225;ng.</p></li><li><p><strong>Annual Seasonality: </strong>S&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i trong kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian 365 ho&#7863;c 366 ng&#224;y. V&#237; d&#7909;: S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch du l&#7883;ch t&#259;ng v&#7885;t v&#224;o c&#225;c &#273;&#7907;t cao &#273;i&#7875;m th&#225;ng h&#232;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Holiday Seasonality: </strong>S&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#226;y ra b&#7903;i c&#225;c s&#7921; ki&#7879;n &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t nh&#432; ng&#224;y l&#7877;, l&#7877; h&#7897;i, s&#7921; ki&#7879;n th&#7875; thao. V&#237; d&#7909;: Doanh s&#7889; c&#225;c h&#227;ng b&#225;n l&#7867; t&#259;ng m&#7841;nh v&#224;o d&#7883;p s&#225;t T&#7871;t.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg" width="713" height="466" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:466,&quot;width&quot;:713,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; btbvJmo.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; btbvJmo.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; btbvJmo.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>2.3. Cyclicity (T&#237;nh chu k&#7923;):</h3><p>T&#237;nh chu k&#7923; trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng l&#234;n xu&#7889;ng l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7923;, c&#243; th&#7875; k&#233;o d&#224;i trong nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m v&#224; chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y qua giai &#273;o&#7841;n kh&#225;c.</p><p><strong>S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a t&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; (Seasonality) v&#224; t&#237;nh chu k&#7923; (Cyclicity):</strong></p><p>T&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; (Seasonality) &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, x&#7843;y ra trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh (h&#224;ng ng&#224;y, h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n, h&#224;ng th&#225;ng ho&#7863;c h&#224;ng n&#259;m), b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; nh&#432; th&#7901;i ti&#7871;t, c&#225;c ng&#224;y l&#7877;, h&#224;nh vi ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng,&#8230;. v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>M&#7863;t kh&#225;c, t&#237;nh chu k&#7923; (Cyclicity) &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian kh&#244;ng x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh. Nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; v&#297; m&#244; h&#417;n nh&#432; chu k&#7923; kinh t&#7871;, xu h&#432;&#7899;ng th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng,&#8230; T&#237;nh chu k&#7923; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243; di&#7877;n ra v&#7899;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t kh&#225;c nhau, n&#234;n vi&#7879;c d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n s&#7869; tr&#7903; n&#234;n kh&#243; kh&#259;n h&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg" width="725" height="496" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:496,&quot;width&quot;:725,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; vdAUBms.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; vdAUBms.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; vdAUBms.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>2.4. Irregularity (S&#7921; b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng):</h3><p>S&#7921; b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, x&#7843;y ra m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#225;i ng&#432;&#7907;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#7899;i c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;, kh&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch v&#224; kh&#244;ng d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#432;&#7899;c. S&#7921; b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; do s&#7921; sai s&#243;t trong &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u, ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; ki&#7879;n b&#7845;t ng&#7901; di&#7877;n ra v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; v&#244; t&#236;nh l&#224;m &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#237;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c khi &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg" width="710" height="466" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:466,&quot;width&quot;:710,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; OP5pVal.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; OP5pVal.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; OP5pVal.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; data nh&#233;!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2>3. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian v&#7899;i ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p Moving Average</h2><p>Moving averages (MA), hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng trung b&#236;nh tr&#432;&#7907;t, l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p th&#7889;ng k&#234; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch xem x&#233;t trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;.</p><p>M&#7909;c ti&#234;u ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y l&#224; &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh xu h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh trong d&#227;y th&#7901;i gian b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch &#8220;l&#224;m m&#7883;n&#8221;, lo&#7841;i b&#7887; b&#7899;t nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n ho&#7863;c nhi&#7877;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg" width="1200" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; kcjM10U.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; kcjM10U.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; kcjM10U.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Image source: Turing</em></p><p>&#272;&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; h&#417;n v&#7873; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y, d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909;:</p><p>Cho s&#7889; li&#7879;u b&#225;n h&#224;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p t&#7915; 2000 &#273;&#7871;n 2009, Moving averages c&#7911;a doanh thu m&#7895;i 3 n&#259;m s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng trung b&#236;nh c&#7897;ng c&#7911;a 3 n&#259;m g&#7847;n nh&#7845;t tr&#7903; v&#7873; tr&#432;&#7899;c theo c&#244;ng th&#7913;c:</p><p>MA (2002) = (Doanh thu 2000 + Doanh thu 2001 + Doanh thu 2002)/3 = (4 + 7 + 4)/3 = 5</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; theo d&#245;i trong b&#7843;ng d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png" width="1203" height="606" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Khi &#273;&#243;, &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng trung b&#236;nh &#273;&#7897;ng s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n nh&#432; h&#236;nh d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg" width="1254" height="742" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:742,&quot;width&quot;:1254,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; LeMUuwA.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; LeMUuwA.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; LeMUuwA.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>V&#237; d&#7909; tr&#234;n v&#7915;a s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p </p><ul><li><p>Cumulative Moving Average (CMA)</p></li><li><p>Exponential moving average (EMA)</p></li></ul><p>&#431;u &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p Moving Average l&#224; c&#225;ch t&#237;nh to&#225;n &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, d&#7877; hi&#7875;u, c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; g&#226;y nhi&#7877;u &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c lo&#7841;i b&#7887; b&#7899;t, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7877; d&#224;ng hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; nh&#432; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, t&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909;, t&#237;nh chu k&#7923;,...</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n nh&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y l&#224; n&#243; d&#7921;a ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913; m&#224; kh&#244;ng t&#237;nh &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; ki&#7879;n t&#432;&#417;ng lai. V&#236; v&#7853;y, &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n ch&#237;nh x&#225;c h&#417;n, b&#7841;n n&#234;n k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n kh&#225;c.</p><h2>4. M&#7897;t s&#7889; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p kh&#225;c &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian</h2><h3>4.1. Auto-Regressive</h3><p>Auto-Regressive (AR) hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh t&#7921; h&#7891;i quy l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; d&#7921; b&#225;o gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#432;&#417;ng lai d&#7921;a tr&#234;n m&#7889;i t&#432;&#417;ng quan gi&#7919;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7899;i c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg" width="863" height="231" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:231,&quot;width&quot;:863,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; ybXijRs.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; ybXijRs.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; ybXijRs.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Image source: simplilearn.com</em></p><p>Trong &#273;&#243;: X[t] (gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#432;&#417;ng lai) ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o Y[t-1] (c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#7903; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;) v&#224; epsilon[t] c&#225;c bi&#7871;n s&#7889; nhi&#7877;u ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n.</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; Auto-Regressive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoregressive_model">t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y</a></p><h3>4.2. ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average)</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg" width="1200" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; BtZmvbU.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; BtZmvbU.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; BtZmvbU.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Image source: Turing</em></p><p>ARIMA vi&#7871;t t&#7855;t c&#7911;a c&#7909;m t&#7915; Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average. M&#244; h&#236;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t chu&#7895;i d&#7915;ng v&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng sai sai s&#7889; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7893;i, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913; bao g&#7891;m: chu&#7895;i t&#7921; h&#7891;i quy Auto-Regression v&#224; chu&#7895;i trung b&#236;nh tr&#432;&#7907;t Moving average c&#7911;a chu&#7895;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7921; b&#225;o &#273;&#7875; d&#7921; b&#225;o ch&#237;nh chu&#7895;i &#273;&#243;.</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; m&#244; h&#236;nh ARIMA <a href="https://phamdinhkhanh.github.io/2019/12/12/ARIMAmodel.html#2-m%C3%B4-h%C3%ACnh-arima">t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y</a></p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra c&#242;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u m&#244; h&#236;nh kh&#225;c &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian nh&#432; SARIMA, ARIMAX, GARCH.</p><h2>5. M&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#244;ng c&#7909; h&#7895; tr&#7907; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7901;i gian</h2><p>Hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#7843; Python v&#224; R &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; nh&#7919;ng th&#432; vi&#7879;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7901;i gian:</p><h3>Python</h3><p>V&#7899;i Python, d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; 3 th&#432; vi&#7879;n ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian:</p><ul><li><p>Pandas: Pandas cung c&#7845;p nhi&#7873;u ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng kh&#225;c nhau &#273;&#7875; l&#7853;p ch&#7881; m&#7909;c, c&#7855;t, l&#7845;y m&#7851;u l&#7841;i v&#224; c&#259;n ch&#7881;nh d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian. Th&#432; vi&#7879;n n&#224;y c&#361;ng cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7883; thi&#7871;u, t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p v&#224; t&#237;nh to&#225;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo th&#7901;i gian.</p></li><li><p>NumPy: NumPy cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c c&#7845;u tr&#250;c v&#224; h&#224;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; c&#225;c m&#7843;ng v&#224; ma tr&#7853;n l&#7899;n v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng l&#224;m c&#7845;u tr&#250;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#417; b&#7843;n &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian trong c&#225;c th&#432; vi&#7879;n kh&#225;c nh&#432; pandas v&#224; statsmodels.</p></li><li><p>statsmodels: statsmodels bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh th&#7889;ng k&#234; &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian nh&#432; ARIMA, SARIMA v&#224; ARCH/GARCH. statsmodels c&#361;ng cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#273;&#7875; &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh m&#244; h&#236;nh, ki&#7875;m tra gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t v&#224; ki&#7875;m tra ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n.</p></li></ul><h3>R</h3><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; 3 th&#432; vi&#7879;n th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong R &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian:</p><ul><li><p>forecast: forecast trong R &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n ri&#234;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra d&#7921; b&#225;o cho d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7841;ng chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian, cung c&#7845;p nhi&#7873;u ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh kh&#225;c nhau nh&#432; ETS, ARIMA&#8230;. V&#224; bao g&#7891;m nhi&#7873;u ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng nh&#432; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n m&#244; h&#236;nh t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng, &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; m&#244; h&#236;nh v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra d&#7921; b&#225;o v&#7899;i kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y.</p></li><li><p>tseries: tseries cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t b&#7897; c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian, bao g&#7891;m ki&#7875;m tra nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; (unit root tests), ki&#7875;m tra t&#237;nh th&#7901;i v&#7909; (seasonality tests),... tseries c&#361;ng cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng nh&#432; ph&#226;n t&#225;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian, lo&#7841;i b&#7887; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224; sai ph&#226;n.</p></li><li><p>zoo: th&#432; vi&#7879;n zoo ch&#7911; y&#7871;u t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o vi&#7879;c qu&#7843;n l&#253; v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian c&#243; kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7873;u nhau. N&#243; cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c c&#7845;u tr&#250;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u cho ph&#233;p d&#7877; d&#224;ng thao t&#225;c, t&#7853;p h&#7907;p v&#224; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian. zoo c&#361;ng c&#361;ng bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng x&#7917; l&#253; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7883; thi&#7871;u v&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p trong c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7873;u.</p></li></ul><h2>6. H&#7841;n ch&#7871; c&#7911;a Time series Analysis</h2><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng nh&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7875;m ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a Time series Analysis l&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y ch&#7881; h&#7919;u &#237;ch khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thu th&#7853;p theo th&#7901;i gian. Ngo&#224;i ra, k&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y c&#242;n y&#234;u c&#7847;u kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n gi&#7919;a c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a. Do &#273;&#243; nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o th&#7901;i gian (v&#237; d&#7909; category data) v&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7873;u nhau s&#7869; kh&#244;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p &#273;&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra, khi l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7901;i gian, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n x&#7917; l&#253; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai v&#224; nhi&#7877;u. C&#244;ng vi&#7879;c l&#224;m s&#7841;ch v&#224; chu&#7849;n h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; t&#7889;n th&#7901;i gian v&#224; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i nhi&#7873;u k&#7929; n&#259;ng &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253;.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/time-series?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/time-series?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/time-series?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</h2><p><strong>Time series Analysis </strong>l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; gi&#250;p doanh nghi&#7879;p hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng theo th&#7901;i gian, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;a ra d&#7921; b&#225;o trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai. Hy v&#7885;ng th&#244;ng qua b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; hi&#7875;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7901;i gian l&#224; g&#236;, nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7847;n quan t&#226;m, v&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7841;ng th&#7901;i gian hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang ph&#7843;i ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i h&#224;ng lo&#7841;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, m&#224; ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng ch&#250;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m Insights ph&#7909;c v&#7909; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c v&#224; ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c, th&#236; &#273;&#7915;ng b&#7887; l&#7905; <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=time-series-analysis">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketes</a></strong> nh&#233;!</p><h2><strong>Kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics &#8211; Trang b&#7883; t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c</strong></h2><p>Kh&#243;a h&#7885;c s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n:</p><ul><li><p><strong>N&#7855;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c trong quy tr&#236;nh l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u: </strong>N&#7855;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 6 b&#432;&#7899;c trong quy tr&#236;nh l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u bao g&#7891;m Define problem, Data Collection, Data Preparation, Data Exploration, Building Report, Insight &amp; Recommendation &#273;&#7875; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.</p></li><li><p><strong>R&#232;n luy&#7879;n t&#432; duy &#273;&#7863;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh b&#224;i to&#225;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u:</strong> N&#7855;m v&#7919;ng t&#432; duy &#8216;&#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#250;ng&#8217;, x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#250;ng b&#224;i to&#225;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u sau khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#250;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p th&#244;ng qua c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#8220;Issue Tree&#8221;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Trang b&#7883; k&#7929; n&#259;ng x&#7917; l&#253; v&#224; tr&#7921;c quan d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i c&#244;ng c&#7909;: </strong>C&#225;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; nh&#432; Power BI, Tableau &#273;&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh x&#7917; l&#253; v&#224; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#250;p khai ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7889;t h&#417;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>C&#7843;i thi&#7879;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;&#7885;c s&#7889; r&#250;t ra insight: </strong>Luy&#7879;n t&#7853;p &#273;&#7885;c s&#7889; r&#250;t ra insight (c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng, xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n&#8230;) v&#224; tr&#236;nh b&#224;y &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t (data storytelling) qua c&#225;c case study &#7903; nhi&#7873;u l&#297;nh v&#7921;c kh&#225;c nhau (Sales, Customer, Digital, E-commerce) d&#432;&#7899;i s&#7921; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c trainers nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m kinh nghi&#7879;m.</p></li></ul><p><strong>T&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#224; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; t&#432; v&#7845;n <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=time-series-analysis">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics</a> ngay t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=time-series-analysis" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T0S!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a93653-9893-41e0-ba66-ed83e2dd695f_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T0S!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a93653-9893-41e0-ba66-ed83e2dd695f_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9T0S!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7a93653-9893-41e0-ba66-ed83e2dd695f_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) là gì và quy trình từng bước của EDA]]></title><description><![CDATA[B&#7841;n &#273;&#227; bao gi&#7901; g&#7863;p ph&#7843;i nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7897;n x&#7897;n m&#224; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u? EDA c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; ch&#236;a kh&#243;a gi&#250;p b&#7841;n khai ph&#225; nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#7849;n gi&#7845;u trong &#273;&#243;!]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/exploratory-data-analysis</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/exploratory-data-analysis</guid><pubDate>Mon, 02 Dec 2024 09:05:31 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1a75a187-600d-4f0f-9287-f1afce7f9009_1366x768.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Khi nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u, c&#243; th&#7875; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7869; ngh&#297; &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c l&#224;m s&#7841;ch, bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u r&#7891;i m&#244; h&#236;nh h&#243;a ch&#250;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin c&#243; &#237;ch cho quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh. Nh&#432;ng, n&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng l&#224;m qua EDA (Exploratory Data Analysis &#8211; Kh&#225;m ph&#225; D&#7919; li&#7879;u), b&#7841;n s&#7869; hi&#7875;u r&#7857;ng, tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;&#7909;ng &#273;&#7871;n b&#7845;t k&#7923; m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;o, vi&#7879;c "m&#242; m&#7851;m" v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch k&#7929; l&#432;&#7905;ng l&#224; v&#244; c&#249;ng quan tr&#7885;ng. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n v&#224; c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng &#273;o&#7841;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7921; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#7911;a c&#7843; d&#7921; &#225;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch. </p><p>L&#250;c &#273;&#7847;u, c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7841;n s&#7869; ngh&#297; "EDA &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n th&#244;i m&#224;", nh&#432;ng khi th&#7853;t s&#7921; lao v&#224;o, b&#7841;n s&#7869; th&#7845;y vi&#7879;c ki&#7875;m tra t&#7915;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889;, hi&#7875;u t&#7915;ng bi&#7871;n s&#7889; v&#224; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh li&#7879;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; s&#7841;ch s&#7869; &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; &#273;i ti&#7871;p hay kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; t&#7889;n th&#7901;i gian v&#224; c&#244;ng s&#7913;c. C&#225;i hay c&#7911;a EDA l&#224; n&#243; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u, m&#224; c&#242;n ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra nh&#7919;ng m&#7889;i quan h&#7879;, xu h&#432;&#7899;ng ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; th&#7875; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n k&#7871;t qu&#7843; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng.</p><p>V&#7853;y EDA l&#224; g&#236;, v&#224; n&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o trong vi&#7879;c ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh? H&#227;y c&#249;ng Insight Ouch! kh&#225;m ph&#225; nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c v&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t c&#417; b&#7843;n trong EDA v&#224; c&#225;ch ch&#250;ng c&#243; th&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng v&#224;o th&#7921;c t&#7871;.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/data-analysis-la-gi">Data Analysis l&#224; g&#236;? Quy tr&#236;nh v&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7841;n c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>1. C&#417; b&#7843;n v&#7873; Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)</strong></h2><h3><strong>Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) l&#224; g&#236;?</strong></h3><p>Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA), t&#7841;m d&#7883;ch ph&#226;n t&#237;ch kh&#225;m ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c trong m&#7897;t quy tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. &#7902; giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y, t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; &#273;i qua m&#7897;t s&#7889; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u r&#245; v&#224; di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ti&#7871;n h&#224;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch.</p><p>&#8216;Hi&#7875;u r&#245; v&#7873; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u&#8217; c&#243; th&#7875; bao g&#7891;m r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432;: n&#7855;m r&#245; d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#244; t&#7843; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u (k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c, d&#7841;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u), th&#7889;ng k&#234; m&#244; t&#7843; c&#225;c bi&#7871;n, x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n, ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n c&#225;c pattern v&#224; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, t&#236;m ra nh&#7919;ng b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; ngo&#7841;i lai trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i ki&#7875;m tra c&#225;c gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t ban &#273;&#7847;u&#8230; Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch kh&#225;m ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u (EDA) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/giai-doan-phan-tich-du-lieu/">ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#244; t&#7843; (descriptive analytics)</a>.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; hi&#7875;u r&#245; v&#7873; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#7863;t ra c&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i nh&#7857;m t&#236;m ra nhi&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng khai th&#225;c v&#224; nhi&#7873;u g&#243;c nh&#236;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau. T&#7915; c&#226;u h&#7887;i, b&#7841;n s&#7869; bi&#7871;t c&#7847;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o ph&#7847;n n&#224;o trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; bi&#7871;t c&#7847;n x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;o, n&#234;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;o.</p><p>&#272;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i v&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh c&#7847;n s&#7921; s&#225;ng t&#7841;o. Ch&#236;a kh&#243;a &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#224; &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7863;t ra th&#7853;t nhi&#7873;u c&#226;u h&#7887;i. S&#7869; r&#7845;t kh&#243; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7863;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i ch&#237;nh x&#225;c ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u b&#7903;i b&#7841;n ch&#432;a n&#7855;m r&#245; c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin chi ti&#7871;t c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. M&#7863;t kh&#225;c, m&#7895;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i m&#7899;i s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n nh&#236;n ra m&#7897;t kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh m&#7899;i trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; t&#259;ng kh&#7843; n&#259;ng nh&#236;n ra v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;.</p><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; EDA c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#7903; nhi&#7873;u giai &#273;o&#7841;n kh&#225;c nhau trong quy tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u, c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7871;n h&#224;nh tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7897;t gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t ho&#7863;c sau khi m&#7909;c ti&#234;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#245;.</p><h2><strong>2. V&#236; sao c&#7847;n kh&#225;m ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u (EDA) trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u?</strong></h2><p>&#7912;ng d&#7909;ng c&#7911;a EDA c&#243; th&#7875; bao g&#7891;m:</p><p><strong>H&#7895; tr&#7907; l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i c&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7883; thi&#7871;u, sai s&#243;t ho&#7863;c c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng</strong></p><p>L&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-cleaning-la-gi-huong-dan-cac-buoc-lam-sach-du-lieu/">quy tr&#236;nh l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a>, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; kh&#225;m ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u s&#7869; gi&#250;p ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; trong c&#7845;u tr&#250;c v&#224; c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c nh&#7919;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch x&#7917; l&#253;, l&#224;m s&#7841;ch l&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#7863;c thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7899;i.</p><p><strong>N&#7855;m r&#245; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m, c&#7845;u tr&#250;c v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></p><p>Mapping d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#237;nh x&#225;c gi&#250;p b&#7841;n &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/chon-du-lieu-chat-luong-nhu-the-nao/">d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#7903; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#7889;t </a>khi chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; ngu&#7891;n t&#7899;i c&#417; s&#7903; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, trang t&#237;nh ho&#7863;c nh&#224; kho d&#7919; li&#7879;u,&#8230; Hi&#7875;u r&#245; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; gi&#250;p h&#7841;n ch&#7871; c&#225;c l&#7895;i sai c&#243; th&#7875; x&#7843;y ra trong quy tr&#236;nh n&#224;y.</p><p><strong>Ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224; ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng c&#225;c gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t v&#224; gi&#7843; &#273;&#7883;nh</strong></p><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ti&#7871;n h&#224;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o c&#225;c gi&#7843; &#273;&#7883;nh ho&#7863;c gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;i ti&#7871;p t&#7899;i b&#432;&#7899;c ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng. EDA s&#7869; kh&#244;ng cung c&#7845;p t&#7845;t c&#7843; th&#244;ng tin chi ti&#7871;t nh&#432;ng s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n xem b&#7841;n c&#243; &#273;ang t&#236;m ra k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#249; h&#7907;p d&#7921;a tr&#234;n hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t c&#7911;a b&#7841;n v&#7873; d&#7919; li&#7879;u hay kh&#244;ng. N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng, th&#236; b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng gi&#7843; &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a m&#236;nh l&#224; sai ho&#7863;c b&#7841;n &#273;ang &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i sai v&#7873; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p><strong>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c bi&#7871;n quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t v&#224; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; t&#432;&#417;ng quan gi&#7919;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n, hi&#7875;u r&#245; c&#225;ch c&#225;c bi&#7871;n t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i nhau v&#224; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a m&#7895;i bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch</strong></p><p>Khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n b&#7845;t k&#7923; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;o, c&#7847;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#432;&#417;ng quan gi&#7919;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n &#273;&#243;. V&#237; d&#7909;, bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p n&#224;o &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n bi&#7871;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c n&#224;o?</p><p><strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-modeling-la-gi/">X&#226;y d&#7921;ng data model</a></strong></p><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#417; s&#7903; d&#7919; li&#7879;u quan h&#7879; (relational database), b&#7841;n c&#7847;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#7845;u tr&#250;c h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo s&#417; &#273;&#7891;, tr&#225;nh m&#7845;t th&#7901;i gian cho nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin d&#432; th&#7915;a v&#224; kh&#244;ng li&#234;n quan, h&#7841;n ch&#7871; nh&#7919;ng sai l&#7879;ch trong k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch.</p><p>B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#361;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng nh&#7857;m &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o t&#237;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#224; t&#7889;i &#432;u khi &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o m&#244; h&#236;nh d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n trong khoa h&#7885;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p><strong>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ph&#7841;m vi sai l&#7879;ch c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></p><p>EDA c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;o c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c l&#7895;i kh&#244;ng th&#7875; tr&#225;nh kh&#7887;i trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch sau n&#224;y c&#7911;a b&#7841;n. Vi&#7879;c bi&#7871;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;o s&#7869; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n k&#7871;t qu&#7843; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n c&#225;c k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n sai ho&#7863;c g&#7855;n cho nh&#7919;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch sai l&#7879;ch m&#7897;t &#253; ngh&#297;a th&#7889;ng k&#234;.</p><p><strong>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; th&#7889;ng k&#234; v&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#237;ch h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t</strong></p><p>EDA c&#361;ng gi&#250;p b&#7841;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh th&#7889;ng k&#234; n&#224;o c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. V&#237; d&#7909;, EDA s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i: &#8220;V&#7899;i t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;ang c&#243;, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7921; b&#225;o (predictive analysis) hay c&#7847;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#7843;m x&#250;c (sentiment analysis &#8211; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng tr&#237; tu&#7879; nh&#226;n t&#7841;o trong vi&#7879;c x&#7917; l&#253; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; t&#7921; nhi&#234;n c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i (NLP) v&#224; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7843;m x&#250;c th&#244;ng qua v&#259;n b&#7843;n ho&#7863;c l&#7901;i n&#243;i)?</p><p><strong>Ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n c&#225;c pattern, xu h&#432;&#7899;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n</strong></p><p>EDA h&#7895; tr&#7907; c&#225;c Data Analyst trong vi&#7879;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng m&#7897;t c&#225;ch nhanh ch&#243;ng th&#244;ng qua tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7857;ng nhi&#7873;u d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; kh&#225;c nhau, v&#237; d&#7909; box plot v&#224; histograms.</p><p><strong>Hi&#7875;u r&#245; h&#417;n v&#7873; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m m&#244; t&#7843; c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n v&#224; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></p><p>C&#225;c Data Analyst c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t EDA &#273;&#7875; c&#243; th&#234;m nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#244; t&#7843; v&#7873; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;ang c&#243;, bao g&#7891;m vi&#7879;c kh&#225;m ph&#225; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#244;ng qua 05 ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7889;ng k&#234; m&#244; t&#7843;.</p><p>M&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a 05 ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nh&#7857;m kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7889;ng k&#234; n&#224;o l&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng hay ph&#249; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t, m&#224; nh&#7857;m cung c&#7845;p c&#225;i nh&#236;n t&#7893;ng quan v&#7873; c&#225;ch ph&#226;n b&#7893; c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. T&#7915; &#273;&#226;y, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#243; c&#417; s&#7903; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7863;t nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i chi ti&#7871;t h&#417;n v&#7873; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n &#8220;t&#7841;i sao d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i theo c&#225;ch n&#224;y?&#8221; ho&#7863;c &#8220;y&#7871;u t&#7889; n&#224;o c&#243; th&#7875; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y?&#8221;.</p><p>05 ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y bao g&#7891;m:</p><ul><li><p>The sample minimum (&#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; nh&#7887; nh&#7845;t)</p></li><li><p>The lower quartile (the median of the lower half of the data)</p></li><li><p>The median (gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh)</p></li><li><p>The upper quartile (the median of the upper half of the data)</p></li><li><p>The sample maximum (&#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t)</p></li></ul><p>The lower v&#224; upper quartiles l&#224; trung b&#236;nh d&#432;&#7899;i v&#224; trung b&#236;nh tr&#234;n c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Hai ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y gi&#250;p x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh <em>interquartile range</em>, l&#224; ph&#7841;m vi ch&#7913;a 50% &#7903; gi&#7919;a c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh hai ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y gi&#250;p b&#7841;n n&#7855;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7841;m vi ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai.</p><p>05 ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7921;c quan b&#7857;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; box plot.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rdgi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc70cc7-1bf7-4b57-b786-087a6384b5ea_451x451.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rdgi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc70cc7-1bf7-4b57-b786-087a6384b5ea_451x451.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rdgi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc70cc7-1bf7-4b57-b786-087a6384b5ea_451x451.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rdgi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc70cc7-1bf7-4b57-b786-087a6384b5ea_451x451.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rdgi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc70cc7-1bf7-4b57-b786-087a6384b5ea_451x451.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rdgi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc70cc7-1bf7-4b57-b786-087a6384b5ea_451x451.jpeg" width="451" height="451" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0fc70cc7-1bf7-4b57-b786-087a6384b5ea_451x451.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:451,&quot;width&quot;:451,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rdgi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc70cc7-1bf7-4b57-b786-087a6384b5ea_451x451.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rdgi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc70cc7-1bf7-4b57-b786-087a6384b5ea_451x451.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rdgi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc70cc7-1bf7-4b57-b786-087a6384b5ea_451x451.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rdgi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fc70cc7-1bf7-4b57-b786-087a6384b5ea_451x451.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>3. C&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c trong quy tr&#236;nh kh&#225;m ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u (EDA)</strong></h2><p><strong>Thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></p><p>Ng&#224;y nay, d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra v&#7899;i kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n, d&#432;&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u d&#7841;ng kh&#225;c nhau, thu&#7897;c m&#7885;i l&#297;nh v&#7921;c c&#7911;a &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng con ng&#432;&#7901;i, t&#7915; ch&#259;m s&#243;c s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e, th&#7875; thao, cho t&#7899;i s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t, du l&#7883;ch,&#8230; M&#7885;i doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#7873;u bi&#7871;t t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong vi&#7879;c &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o vi&#7879;c thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t t&#7915; nhi&#7873;u ngu&#7891;n kh&#225;c nhau th&#244;ng qua kh&#7843;o s&#225;t, m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i v&#224; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng,&#8230; N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; v&#224; ph&#249; h&#7907;p, c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ti&#7871;p theo kh&#244;ng th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/quy-dinh-thu-thap-du-lieu/">05 nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p</a></p><p><strong>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7845;t c&#7843; bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u quan tr&#7885;ng v&#224; n&#7855;m r&#245; &#273;&#7863;c t&#237;nh c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n &#273;&#243;</strong></p><p>Trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u kh&#225;m ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c bi&#7871;n s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t &#273;&#226;u l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng l&#7899;n &#273;&#7871;n k&#7871;t qu&#7843;. B&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;y r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i k&#7871;t qu&#7843; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c mong &#273;&#7907;i t&#7915; b&#7845;t k&#7923; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;o.</p><p><strong>L&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></p><p>B&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;p theo l&#224; l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u, bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c nh&#432; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; null, lo&#7841;i b&#7887; c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin kh&#244;ng li&#234;n quan, x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai, bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i d&#7841;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u,&#8230;</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-cleaning-la-gi-huong-dan-cac-buoc-lam-sach-du-lieu/">Data Cleaning l&#224; g&#236;? H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a></p><p><strong>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c bi&#7871;n t&#432;&#417;ng quan</strong></p><p>T&#236;m ra m&#7889;i t&#432;&#417;ng quan gi&#7919;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n v&#7899;i ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ma tr&#7853;n t&#432;&#417;ng quan (correlation matrix) s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n c&#243; li&#234;n quan nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o v&#7899;i bi&#7871;n kh&#225;c.</p><p><strong>Ch&#7885;n &#273;&#250;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p th&#7889;ng k&#234; m&#244; t&#7843;</strong></p><p>T&#249;y thu&#7897;c v&#224;o d&#7841;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u (categorical ho&#7863;c numerical), k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u, lo&#7841;i bi&#7871;n v&#224; m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; th&#7889;ng k&#234; kh&#225;c nhau trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh kh&#225;m ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p><strong>Tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></p><p>Khi qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch k&#7871;t th&#250;c, c&#225;c k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n v&#224; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ki&#7875;m tra m&#7897;t c&#225;ch th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng v&#224; c&#7849;n th&#7853;n &#273;&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;ch di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i v&#224; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7855;n. C&#225;c Data Analyst ph&#7843;i c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; th&#224;nh th&#7841;o t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch. C&#225;c k&#7871;t qu&#7843; thu &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh trong t&#7915;ng domain kh&#225;c nhau, v&#237; d&#7909; b&#225;n l&#7867;, ch&#259;m s&#243;c s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e, n&#244;ng nghi&#7879;p,&#8230;</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t nh&#7919;ng ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c m&#7899;i nh&#7845;t v&#7873; Data!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>4. C&#225;c d&#7841;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t kh&#225;m ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u?</strong></h2><p>C&#243; ba d&#7841;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t kh&#225;m ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u:</p><ol><li><p>Univariate &#8211; Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n</p></li><li><p>Bivariate &#8211; Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch hai bi&#7871;n</p></li><li><p>Multivariate &#8211; Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n</p></li></ol><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; s&#7889; ho&#7863;c tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng &#273;&#7891; h&#7885;a. T&#7915; &#273;&#226;y, ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i c&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t th&#224;nh hai nh&#243;m: non-graphical v&#224; graphical.</p><h3><strong>4.1. <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/phan-tich-don-bien-univariate-analysis/">Univariate analysis</a> (Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n)</strong></h3><p><em><strong>Univariate analysis Non-graphical</strong></em></p><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n v&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n l&#224; h&#236;nh th&#7913;c &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. M&#7909;c ti&#234;u ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n non-graphical l&#224; m&#244; t&#7843;, t&#243;m t&#7855;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; t&#236;m ra patterns trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u, th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c t&#236;m ra c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7889;ng k&#234; sau:</p><ul><li><p><strong>M&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#7853;p trung c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u (Measure of Central Tendency): </strong>Ba ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#7853;p trung c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; mean (gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh), median (gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung v&#7883;), v&#224; mode. C&#7909; th&#7875;, mean l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u, median l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#7903; th&#7913; t&#7921; ch&#237;nh gi&#7919;a khi s&#7855;p x&#7871;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo th&#7913; t&#7921;, v&#224; mode l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t trong t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p></li><li><p><strong>Kho&#7843;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u (Measure of Range):</strong> Kho&#7843;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; kho&#7843;ng dao &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. C&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c quan t&#226;m l&#224; min (gi&#225; tr&#7883; nh&#7887; nh&#7845;t), max (gi&#225; tr&#7883; l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t), quartiles v&#224; interquartile.</p></li><li><p><strong>Ph&#432;&#417;ng sai (Variance) v&#224; &#272;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n (Standard Deviation):</strong> Ph&#432;&#417;ng sai (Variance) l&#224; th&#432;&#7899;c &#273;o m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u xung quanh gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung t&#226;m (mean) v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng b&#236;nh ph&#432;&#417;ng trung b&#236;nh gi&#7919;a m&#7895;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh. &#272;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n (Standard deviation) c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh to&#225;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#224; c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7857;ng c&#259;n b&#7853;c hai c&#7911;a variance. Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a standard deviation c&#224;ng l&#7899;n th&#236; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#224;ng r&#7897;ng.</p></li></ul><p><em><strong>Univariate analysis Graphical</strong></em></p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n bao g&#7891;m:</p><p><em>Stem-and-leaf Plots:</em> D&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#7921;c quan d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng &#7903; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng r&#250;t g&#7885;n. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, t&#225;ch c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#224;nh hai ph&#7847;n: ph&#7847;n g&#7889;c (c&#225;c ch&#7919; s&#7889; &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u) v&#224; c&#225;c ch&#7919; s&#7889; c&#242;n l&#7841;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zjlN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3dcb2d8-55a4-4a31-a5fe-aaa1751988a8_368x269.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zjlN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3dcb2d8-55a4-4a31-a5fe-aaa1751988a8_368x269.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zjlN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3dcb2d8-55a4-4a31-a5fe-aaa1751988a8_368x269.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zjlN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3dcb2d8-55a4-4a31-a5fe-aaa1751988a8_368x269.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zjlN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3dcb2d8-55a4-4a31-a5fe-aaa1751988a8_368x269.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zjlN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3dcb2d8-55a4-4a31-a5fe-aaa1751988a8_368x269.jpeg" width="368" height="269" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f3dcb2d8-55a4-4a31-a5fe-aaa1751988a8_368x269.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:269,&quot;width&quot;:368,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zjlN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3dcb2d8-55a4-4a31-a5fe-aaa1751988a8_368x269.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zjlN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3dcb2d8-55a4-4a31-a5fe-aaa1751988a8_368x269.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zjlN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3dcb2d8-55a4-4a31-a5fe-aaa1751988a8_368x269.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zjlN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3dcb2d8-55a4-4a31-a5fe-aaa1751988a8_368x269.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Histograms:</em> Histograms bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n t&#7847;n su&#7845;t xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Histogram gi&#250;p b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u nhanh v&#7873; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai, xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7853;p trung c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u,&#8230;</p><p><em>Bar Charts:</em> Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n c&#225;c bi&#7871;n categorical v&#7899;i c&#225;c c&#7897;t t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng v&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i th&#224;nh Multiple or Grouped charts (d&#7841;ng nh&#243;m c&#225;c c&#7897;t th&#224;nh &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i th&#244;ng tin c&#7911;a m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883;), Percentage Bar Charts (bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t m&#244; t&#7843; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#7903; d&#7841;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m).</p><p><em>Box Plots: </em>Box plot bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n s&#7921; ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Nh&#236;n v&#224;o Box plot, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7871;t c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7853;p trung ch&#237;nh &#7903; kho&#7843;ng n&#224;o, gi&#225; tr&#7883; l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t, gi&#225; tr&#7883; nh&#7887; nh&#7845;t, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><h3><strong>4.2. Bivariate analysis (Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch hai bi&#7871;n)</strong></h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!St2F!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed6a5f37-c14a-4a39-98bd-bf4531aba39e_451x301.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!St2F!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed6a5f37-c14a-4a39-98bd-bf4531aba39e_451x301.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!St2F!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed6a5f37-c14a-4a39-98bd-bf4531aba39e_451x301.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!St2F!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed6a5f37-c14a-4a39-98bd-bf4531aba39e_451x301.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!St2F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed6a5f37-c14a-4a39-98bd-bf4531aba39e_451x301.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!St2F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed6a5f37-c14a-4a39-98bd-bf4531aba39e_451x301.jpeg" width="451" height="301" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ed6a5f37-c14a-4a39-98bd-bf4531aba39e_451x301.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:301,&quot;width&quot;:451,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!St2F!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed6a5f37-c14a-4a39-98bd-bf4531aba39e_451x301.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!St2F!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed6a5f37-c14a-4a39-98bd-bf4531aba39e_451x301.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!St2F!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed6a5f37-c14a-4a39-98bd-bf4531aba39e_451x301.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!St2F!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fed6a5f37-c14a-4a39-98bd-bf4531aba39e_451x301.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch hai bi&#7871;n s&#7869; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch hai bi&#7871;n v&#224; kh&#225;m ph&#225; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#432;&#417;ng quan gi&#7919;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n &#273;&#243;, v&#237; d&#7909;: tu&#7893;i c&#7911;a nh&#226;n vi&#234;n c&#243; t&#432;&#417;ng quan t&#7899;i thu nh&#7853;p h&#224;ng th&#225;ng c&#7911;a h&#7885; kh&#244;ng, n&#7871;u c&#243; l&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng quan &#273;&#7891;ng bi&#7871;n hay t&#432;&#417;ng quan ngh&#7883;ch bi&#7871;n. D&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; c&#225;c bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7841;ng s&#7889; (numerical) ho&#7863;c d&#7841;ng ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i (categorical).</p><p>B&#7841;n n&#234;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u r&#245; m&#244; t&#7843; th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;i t&#7899;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch hai bi&#7871;n.</p><p>B&#7845;t k&#7923; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;o c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n hai bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#7903; l&#234;n &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng v&#7899;i k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y (v&#237; d&#7909;: bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng bi&#7875;u th&#7883; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; theo th&#7901;i gian).</p><p><em><strong>Bivariate Non-Graphical</strong></em></p><p><em>B&#7843;ng ch&#233;o (cross-tabulation): </em>B&#7843;ng ch&#233;o l&#224; b&#7843;ng hai chi&#7873;u v&#7899;i m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng c&#7897;t, v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n c&#242;n l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng c&#225;c h&#224;ng.</p><p><em>Analysis of Variance &#8211; ANOVA: </em>ANOVA l&#224; ph&#233;p th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m th&#7889;ng k&#234; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; m&#244; t&#7843; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng trong m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c (continuous data) b&#7903;i m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i (categorical data).</p><p>K&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y chia c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh hai ph&#7847;n: C&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng th&#7889;ng k&#234;, v&#224; c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ANOVA c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i bi&#7871;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c. Khi ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p, n&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; ANOVA m&#7897;t chi&#7873;u.</p><p>Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, m&#7897;t ch&#7911; kh&#225;ch s&#7841;n mu&#7889;n kh&#225;m ph&#225; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n c&#225;c ng&#224;y trong tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i bi&#7871;n gi&#225; ph&#242;ng kh&#225;ch s&#7841;n. M&#7897;t c&#225;ch c&#7843;m quan, gi&#225; ph&#242;ng kh&#225;ch s&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;p h&#417;n v&#224;o c&#225;c ng&#224;y trong tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch du l&#7883;ch, trong khi v&#224;o cu&#7889;i tu&#7847;n, gi&#225; ph&#242;ng kh&#225;ch s&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#259;ng do nhu c&#7847;u t&#259;ng. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ANOVA c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i li&#7879;u ng&#224;y trong tu&#7847;n c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n gi&#225; kh&#225;ch s&#7841;n hay kh&#244;ng.</p><p><em><strong>Bivariate Graphical</strong></em></p><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n s&#7869; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n tr&#7921;c quan m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a hai ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n, bao g&#7891;m:</p><p><em>Scatter Plot:</em><strong> </strong>V&#7899;i scatter plot, m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n tr&#234;n tr&#7909;c x, bi&#7871;n c&#242;n l&#7841;i s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n tr&#234;n tr&#7909;c y v&#224; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; s&#7869; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#432;&#417;ng quan gi&#7919;a hai bi&#7871;n s&#7889;, m&#244; t&#7843; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n y khi bi&#7871;n x thay &#273;&#7893;i. L&#432;u &#253;, khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng scatter plot, c&#225;c bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7873;u ph&#7843;i l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7841;ng &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng (numerical data) nh&#7857;m c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n.</p><p>H&#7879; s&#7889; t&#432;&#417;ng quan (correlation coefficient) s&#7869; l&#224; ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; m&#7841;nh y&#7871;u c&#7911;a m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a hai bi&#7871;n s&#7889;. Correlation coefficient dao &#273;&#7897;ng trong kho&#7843;ng t&#7915; -1 t&#7899;i 1.</p><ul><li><p>Correlation coefficient b&#7857;ng -1 th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; ngh&#7883;ch bi&#7871;n tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i.</p></li><li><p>Correlation coefficient b&#7857;ng 1 th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; &#273;&#7891;ng bi&#7871;n tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i.</p></li><li><p>Correlation coefficient b&#7857;ng 0 th&#7875; hi&#7879;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; quan h&#7879; tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh n&#224;o gi&#7919;a hai bi&#7871;n s&#7889;.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2uF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ceac4f-1b89-4645-a56f-d604bf4e48f7_449x252.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2uF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ceac4f-1b89-4645-a56f-d604bf4e48f7_449x252.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2uF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ceac4f-1b89-4645-a56f-d604bf4e48f7_449x252.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2uF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ceac4f-1b89-4645-a56f-d604bf4e48f7_449x252.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2uF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ceac4f-1b89-4645-a56f-d604bf4e48f7_449x252.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2uF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ceac4f-1b89-4645-a56f-d604bf4e48f7_449x252.jpeg" width="449" height="252" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/79ceac4f-1b89-4645-a56f-d604bf4e48f7_449x252.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:252,&quot;width&quot;:449,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2uF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ceac4f-1b89-4645-a56f-d604bf4e48f7_449x252.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2uF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ceac4f-1b89-4645-a56f-d604bf4e48f7_449x252.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2uF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ceac4f-1b89-4645-a56f-d604bf4e48f7_449x252.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2uF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ceac4f-1b89-4645-a56f-d604bf4e48f7_449x252.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Line Chart:</em> Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng minh h&#7885;a nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng (numerical data) theo m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i (category data). Tr&#7909;c x th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian, tr&#7909;c y l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n s&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng.</p><p><em>Bubble Chart: </em>Bubble charts scatter plots bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n c&#225;c bong b&#243;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; hai chi&#7873;u. D&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a ba ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n s&#7889;. Trong Bubble Chart, m&#7895;i bong b&#243;ng t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng v&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n b&#7857;ng c&#225;c &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c nhau nh&#432; v&#7883; tr&#237; tr&#234;n tr&#7909;c, k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c bong b&#243;ng v&#224; m&#224;u s&#7855;c.</p><p><em>Heat Map:</em><strong> </strong>Heatmap l&#224; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#236;nh b&#224;y d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng ma tr&#7853;n g&#7891;m c&#225;c c&#7897;t v&#224; h&#224;ng, v&#7899;i c&#225;c s&#7855;c &#273;&#7897; c&#7911;a m&#224;u s&#7855;c nh&#7857;m tr&#7921;c quan m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#432;&#417;ng quan gi&#7919;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n. Heat map l&#224; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh Machine Learning.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/chon-bieu-do">Data Visualization &#8211; C&#225;ch ch&#7885;n lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; minh h&#7885;a t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t cho metrics c&#7911;a b&#7841;n?</a></p><h3><strong>4.3. Multivariate analysis (Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n)</strong></h3><p><em><strong>Multivariate Non-Graphical</strong></em></p><p>Machine Learning ng&#224;y c&#224;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#432;&#417;ng quan c&#7911;a &#273;a bi&#7871;n. M&#7897;t s&#7889; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#243; th&#7875; k&#7875; t&#7899;i nh&#432;:</p><ul><li><p><em>Classification ho&#7863;c clustering analysis</em></p></li></ul><p>K&#7929; thu&#7853;t Ph&#226;n nh&#243;m (Classification) ho&#7863;c t&#237;ch ph&#226;n c&#7909;m (Clustering analysis) th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#225;c thu&#7853;t to&#225;n &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7847;u v&#224;o th&#224;nh c&#225;c danh m&#7909;c ho&#7863;c nh&#243;m/c&#7909;m c&#243; nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n s&#7889;, &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m, thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh chung.</p><p>&#272;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c nhau c&#7911;a hai k&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c Classification nh&#243;m c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo c&#225;c &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh tr&#432;&#7899;c (v&#237; d&#7909;: ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ph&#7841;m vi chi&#7873;u cao &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#432; t&#7915; 160cm &#8211; 170cm, t&#7915; 170 cm &#8211; 180 cm v&#224; t&#7915; 180cm tr&#7903; l&#234;n), trong khi k&#7929; thu&#7853;t Clustering analysis th&#236; nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7891;ng m&#224; thu&#7853;t to&#225;n t&#7921; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; (v&#237; d&#7909;: li&#7879;u chi&#7873;u cao c&#7911;a m&#7897;t nh&#243;m ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7903; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; trung b&#236;nh, cao ho&#7863;c r&#7845;t cao).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNYR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff09c0f85-57eb-4d26-bd97-d81f0466d544_373x402.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNYR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff09c0f85-57eb-4d26-bd97-d81f0466d544_373x402.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNYR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff09c0f85-57eb-4d26-bd97-d81f0466d544_373x402.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNYR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff09c0f85-57eb-4d26-bd97-d81f0466d544_373x402.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNYR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff09c0f85-57eb-4d26-bd97-d81f0466d544_373x402.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNYR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff09c0f85-57eb-4d26-bd97-d81f0466d544_373x402.jpeg" width="373" height="402" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f09c0f85-57eb-4d26-bd97-d81f0466d544_373x402.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:402,&quot;width&quot;:373,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNYR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff09c0f85-57eb-4d26-bd97-d81f0466d544_373x402.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNYR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff09c0f85-57eb-4d26-bd97-d81f0466d544_373x402.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNYR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff09c0f85-57eb-4d26-bd97-d81f0466d544_373x402.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNYR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff09c0f85-57eb-4d26-bd97-d81f0466d544_373x402.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><ul><li><p><em>Predictive analysis</em></p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07te!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f535bc1-84c7-43d5-a321-d884e077bcde_351x281.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07te!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f535bc1-84c7-43d5-a321-d884e077bcde_351x281.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07te!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f535bc1-84c7-43d5-a321-d884e077bcde_351x281.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07te!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f535bc1-84c7-43d5-a321-d884e077bcde_351x281.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07te!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f535bc1-84c7-43d5-a321-d884e077bcde_351x281.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07te!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f535bc1-84c7-43d5-a321-d884e077bcde_351x281.jpeg" width="351" height="281" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7f535bc1-84c7-43d5-a321-d884e077bcde_351x281.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:281,&quot;width&quot;:351,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07te!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f535bc1-84c7-43d5-a321-d884e077bcde_351x281.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07te!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f535bc1-84c7-43d5-a321-d884e077bcde_351x281.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07te!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f535bc1-84c7-43d5-a321-d884e077bcde_351x281.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!07te!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7f535bc1-84c7-43d5-a321-d884e077bcde_351x281.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7921; b&#225;o th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong Machine Learning v&#224; AI &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n, nh&#432;ng lo&#7841;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y c&#361;ng ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ti&#7871;n h&#224;nh EDA.</p><p>Khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong EDA, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7921; b&#225;o kh&#244;ng nh&#7857;m m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch kh&#225;m ph&#225; th&#244;ng tin trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai m&#224; ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7883;ch s&#7917; &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra c&#225;c &#273;&#7863;c t&#237;nh c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#225;m ph&#225; (v&#237; d&#7909;: s&#7917; d&#7909;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#7891;i quy tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u hi&#7879;n c&#243; &#273;&#7875; suy ra c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; theo t&#7915;ng kho&#7843;ng).</p><p><em>Multiple Correspondance Analysis (MCA)</em></p><p>Correspondence Analysis l&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c categories. K&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng khi d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i &#273;a th&#7913;c (multinomial categorical) v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nhi&#7873;u trong c&#225;c cu&#7897;c kh&#7843;o s&#225;t v&#224; b&#7843;ng h&#7887;i.</p><p>K&#7929; thu&#7853;t MCA s&#7869; t&#225;ch nh&#243;m c&#225;c &#273;&#225;p vi&#234;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n c&#225;c categories. Nh&#243;m nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#225;p vi&#234;n thu&#7897;c c&#249;ng m&#7897;t category s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7921;c quan c&#7841;nh nhau v&#224; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i. </p><p>K&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y c&#243; &#432;u &#273;i&#7875;m l&#224; (1) C&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch c&#225;ch c&#225;c ti&#234;u ch&#237; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c li&#234;n k&#7871;t v&#7899;i nhau, (2) C&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch li&#7879;u c&#225;c &#273;&#225;p vi&#234;n c&#243; s&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7891;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;c bi&#7871;n ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i hay kh&#244;ng v&#224; (3) Cung c&#7845;p h&#236;nh &#7843;nh tr&#7921;c quan gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch m&#7889;i li&#234;n k&#7871;t gi&#7919;a c&#225;c categories.</p><p>V&#7853;y khi n&#224;o n&#234;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng MCA? K&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng khi kh&#244;ng c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7883; thi&#7871;u ho&#7863;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#226;m trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, t&#7845;t c&#7843; d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#7843;i c&#243; c&#249;ng quy m&#244;, d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#7843;i ch&#7913;a &#237;t nh&#7845;t hai c&#7897;t v&#224; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; nhi&#7873;u ti&#234;u ch&#237; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i.</p><h3><em><strong>Multivariate Graphical</strong></em></h3><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n s&#7869; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n tr&#7921;c quan m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a hai ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n, ch&#7911; y&#7871;u l&#224; Scatter Plot, Bar chart, Boxplot, t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; v&#7899;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch hai bi&#7871;n. Ngo&#224;i ra, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n c&#242;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng m&#7897;t s&#7889; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; nh&#432;:</p><p><em>Multivariate Chart: </em>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i hai ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; quy tr&#236;nh c&#243; li&#234;n quan v&#7899;i nhau. C&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7863;p (pair plot) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o b&#7857;ng th&#432; vi&#7879;n Seaborn trong Python l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh v&#7873; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;a bi&#7871;n, nh&#7919;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y gi&#250;p tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c bi&#7871;n s&#7889; trong to&#224;n b&#7897; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#249;ng m&#7897;t l&#250;c.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6gHX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d7e7206-089c-423c-a608-a492e5d15387_451x292.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6gHX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d7e7206-089c-423c-a608-a492e5d15387_451x292.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6gHX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d7e7206-089c-423c-a608-a492e5d15387_451x292.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6gHX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d7e7206-089c-423c-a608-a492e5d15387_451x292.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6gHX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d7e7206-089c-423c-a608-a492e5d15387_451x292.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6gHX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d7e7206-089c-423c-a608-a492e5d15387_451x292.jpeg" width="451" height="292" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2d7e7206-089c-423c-a608-a492e5d15387_451x292.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:292,&quot;width&quot;:451,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6gHX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d7e7206-089c-423c-a608-a492e5d15387_451x292.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6gHX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d7e7206-089c-423c-a608-a492e5d15387_451x292.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6gHX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d7e7206-089c-423c-a608-a492e5d15387_451x292.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6gHX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2d7e7206-089c-423c-a608-a492e5d15387_451x292.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Quy t&#7855;c khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c chart n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#225;i qu&#225;t nh&#432; sau:</p><ul><li><p>V&#7899;i hai ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i (categorical variables): S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Group Bar chart, Clustered Bar chart cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch so s&#225;nh v&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Treemap, Stacked Bar chart cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch m&#244; t&#7843; c&#225;c ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t t&#7893;ng th&#7875;.</p></li><li><p>V&#7899;i m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i (categorical variables) v&#224; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng (numerical variables): S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Bar chart cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch so s&#225;nh, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Treemap, Stacked Bar chart, Pie chart cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch m&#244; t&#7843; c&#225;c ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t t&#7893;ng th&#7875; v&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Histogram, Boxplot cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch m&#244; t&#7843; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i.</p></li><li><p>V&#7899;i m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i (categorical variables) v&#224; nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng (numerical variables): S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Bar chart, Line chart, Clustered Bar chart cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch so s&#225;nh v&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Boxplot cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch m&#244; t&#7843; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i.</p></li><li><p>V&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i (categorical variables) v&#224; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng (numerical variables): S&#7917; d&#7909;ng group Bar chart, Clustered Bar chart cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch so s&#225;nh, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Treemap, Pie chart cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch m&#244; t&#7843; c&#225;c ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t t&#7893;ng th&#7875; v&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Boxplot cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch m&#244; t&#7843; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>5. C&#244;ng c&#7909; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n EDA</strong></h2><h3><em><strong>Python</strong></em></h3><p>Python th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u t&#225;c v&#7909; kh&#225;c nhau trong EDA, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; t&#236;m c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#242;n thi&#7871;u trong thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, m&#244; t&#7843; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, x&#7917; l&#253; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai, thu th&#7853;p insight t&#7915; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;,&#8230; M&#7897;t s&#7889; th&#432; vi&#7879;n th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho EDA c&#243; th&#7875; k&#7875; t&#7899;i nh&#432; Matplotlib, Pandas, Seaborn, NumPy, Altair,&#8230;</p><p>Python &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; l&#224; kh&#225; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n v&#224; d&#7877; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#236;m th&#7845;y nhi&#7873;u packages trong Python nh&#432; D-Tale, AutoViz, PandasProfiling,&#8230; c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng h&#243;a to&#224;n b&#7897; quy tr&#236;nh EDA v&#224; ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m th&#7901;i gian ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#7911; c&#244;ng.</p><h3><em><strong>R</strong></em></h3><p>Ng&#244;n ng&#7919; l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh R th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c data scientists v&#224; c&#225;c nh&#224; th&#7889;ng k&#234; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t th&#7889;ng k&#234; v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; Python, R c&#361;ng l&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#244;n ng&#7919; l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh m&#227; ngu&#7891;n m&#7903; (open-source) ph&#249; h&#7907;p cho t&#237;nh to&#225;n th&#7889;ng k&#234; v&#224; tr&#7921;c quan d&#7919; li&#7879;u. M&#7897;t s&#7889; th&#432; vi&#7879;n th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho EDA c&#243; th&#7875; k&#7875; t&#7899;i nh&#432; ggplot, Leaflet, Lattice, Data Explorer, SmartEDA v&#224; GGally,&#8230;</p><h3><em><strong>MATLAB</strong></em></h3><p>MATLAB l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; n&#7893;i ti&#7871;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i d&#226;n engineers nh&#7901; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#237;nh to&#225;n m&#7841;nh. V&#236; v&#7853;y, &#273;&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng MATLAB cho EDA s&#7869; y&#234;u c&#7847;u b&#7841;n c&#7847;n n&#7855;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t s&#7889; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c c&#417; b&#7843;n v&#7873; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; l&#7853;p tr&#236;nh MATLAB.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/exploratory-data-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/exploratory-data-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/exploratory-data-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h2><p>Exploratory Data Analysis l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7841;n ti&#7871;n t&#7899;i x&#7917; l&#253;, bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. T&#432; duy l&#224;m vi&#7879;c, x&#7917; l&#253;, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra c&#225;c insight &#7849;n, ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7843;m t&#237;nh l&#224; n&#7897;i dung ch&#237;nh m&#224; <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=eda">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers</a> s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n trang b&#7883;. Tham kh&#7843;o ngay kh&#243;a h&#7885;c t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=eda" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gpbc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a41587d-58d6-49f4-8e94-557f1b556b2f_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gpbc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5a41587d-58d6-49f4-8e94-557f1b556b2f_1665x697.jpeg 848w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Phân tích RFM là gì và các bước phân khúc khách hàng theo RFM]]></title><description><![CDATA[B&#7841;n c&#243; bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c marketing c&#7911;a m&#236;nh? Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n l&#224;m &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y!]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/rfm</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/rfm</guid><pubDate>Wed, 27 Nov 2024 08:37:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/603888b7-b9d9-42f5-91fe-0e37d55035de_1459x930.webp" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZ8u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4da6b027-c6cf-400c-b22c-853b8ef1f25d_1459x930.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZ8u!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4da6b027-c6cf-400c-b22c-853b8ef1f25d_1459x930.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZ8u!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4da6b027-c6cf-400c-b22c-853b8ef1f25d_1459x930.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZ8u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4da6b027-c6cf-400c-b22c-853b8ef1f25d_1459x930.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZ8u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4da6b027-c6cf-400c-b22c-853b8ef1f25d_1459x930.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WZ8u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4da6b027-c6cf-400c-b22c-853b8ef1f25d_1459x930.webp" width="1456" height="928" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4da6b027-c6cf-400c-b22c-853b8ef1f25d_1459x930.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:928,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:20440,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>M&#7895;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng s&#7869; c&#243; ph&#7843;n &#7913;ng v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p kh&#225;c nhau. Gi&#7843; s&#7917;, m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng nh&#7841;y c&#7843;m v&#7873; gi&#225; s&#7869; c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i cao v&#7899;i c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#432;u &#273;&#227;i khuy&#7871;n m&#7841;i, trong khi nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua v&#236; th&#243;i quen th&#236; kh&#244;ng qu&#225; h&#224;o h&#7913;ng v&#224; quan t&#226;m t&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#243;. V&#236; v&#7853;y, thay v&#236; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n t&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng v&#7899;i c&#249;ng m&#7897;t th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#224; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; l&#250;c b&#7841;n c&#7847;n &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u giao d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM. V&#7853;y ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM (RFM Analysis) l&#224; g&#236;, l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng trong vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#224; c&#7847;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; h&#7895; tr&#7907; n&#224;o? C&#249;ng t&#236;m hi&#7875;u c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t sau nh&#233;!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>1. RFM Analysis (Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM) l&#224; g&#236;?</strong></h2><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary) l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#244; h&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng theo c&#225;c &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m h&#224;nh vi ti&#234;u d&#249;ng d&#7921;a tr&#234;n c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u giao d&#7883;ch trong l&#7883;ch s&#7917;.</p><p>C&#7909; th&#7875;, RFM l&#224; vi&#7871;t t&#7855;t c&#7911;a:</p><ul><li><p>Recency: Kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian gi&#7919;a giao d&#7883;ch g&#7847;n nh&#7845;t t&#7899;i hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i l&#224; bao l&#226;u? Kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian n&#224;y c&#224;ng l&#7899;n th&#236; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#224;ng c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng cao r&#7901;i b&#7887; c&#244;ng ty (<a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/lam-the-nao-de-cai-thien-churn-rate-ty-le-khach-hang-roi-di/">churn customer</a>), &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c c&#244;ng ty s&#7869; m&#7845;t c&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7875; ch&#259;m s&#243;c v&#224; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c h&#7885; quay l&#7841;i. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian n&#224;y c&#224;ng nh&#7887; th&#236; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n v&#224; upsell, cross-sell s&#7869; c&#224;ng cao.</p></li><li><p>Frequency: T&#7847;n su&#7845;t giao d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#7899;i doanh nghi&#7879;p l&#224; bao nhi&#234;u? Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua h&#224;ng c&#224;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n s&#7869; c&#224;ng c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u v&#224; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trung th&#224;nh. Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n ho&#7863;c h&#224;ng th&#225;ng th&#236; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng b&#225;n upsell s&#7869; cao h&#417;n nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng 3 th&#225;ng mua h&#224;ng 1 l&#7847;n. T&#7847;n su&#7845;t giao d&#7883;ch c&#361;ng &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#7899;i doanh nghi&#7879;p.</p></li><li><p>Monetary: T&#7893;ng s&#7889; ti&#7873;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#227; chi ti&#234;u cho th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian c&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224; bao nhi&#234;u? M&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; chi ti&#234;u s&#7869; cho bi&#7871;t kh&#7843; n&#259;ng chi ti&#234;u c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng cho th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#226;u. D&#7921;a v&#224;o con s&#7889; n&#224;y v&#224; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t giao d&#7883;ch, b&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; t&#237;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chi ti&#234;u trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a m&#7895;i giao d&#7883;ch c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#227; mua nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n, c&#243; s&#7921; tin t&#432;&#7903;ng nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224;o th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u m&#7899;i c&#243; th&#7875; m&#7841;nh tay mua nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#417;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; cao.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>2. T&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM</strong></h2><p>Ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng d&#7921;a tr&#234;n RFM c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (customer journey) d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889;, t&#7915; nhi&#7873;u g&#243;c nh&#236;n. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p tr&#7843; l&#7901;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#226;u h&#7887;i nh&#432;:</p><ul><li><p>&#272;&#226;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng chi ti&#234;u nhi&#7873;u v&#224; trung th&#224;nh nh&#7845;t?</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#226;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng cao r&#7901;i b&#7887; c&#244;ng ty?</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#226;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i v&#224; l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng kh&#7843; n&#259;ng mua h&#224;ng &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7923;?</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#226;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng c&#243; th&#7875; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#7875; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; m&#7913;c chi ti&#234;u cao h&#417;n?</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#226;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#227; r&#7901;i b&#7887; th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u v&#224; &#237;t c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng tr&#7903; l&#7841;i nh&#7845;t?</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#226;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#259;m s&#243;c v&#224; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n tr&#432;&#7899;c khi tr&#7903; th&#224;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i b&#7887;?</p></li><li><p>Nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng kh&#225;c nhau c&#7847;n c&#243; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#259;m s&#243;c, &#432;u &#273;&#227;i v&#224; marketing kh&#225;c nhau nh&#432; n&#224;o?</p></li></ul><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM gi&#250;p b&#7841;n x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#225;c th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p, chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch v&#224; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#432;u &#273;&#227;i kh&#225;c nhau cho t&#7915;ng nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, d&#7921;a tr&#234;n h&#224;nh vi ti&#234;u d&#249;ng v&#224; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; c&#7911;a h&#7885; v&#7899;i c&#244;ng ty. M&#7895;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; RFM n&#224;y &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7913;ng minh l&#224; c&#243; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; trong vi&#7879;c d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n h&#224;nh vi c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai v&#224; t&#259;ng doanh thu. Nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#227; mua h&#224;ng trong qu&#225; kh&#7913; g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y c&#243; nhi&#7873;u kh&#7843; n&#259;ng s&#7869; l&#224;m nh&#432; v&#7853;y trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai g&#7847;n.</p><p>D&#7921;a v&#224;o &#273;&#226;y, c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng marketing c&#243; th&#7875; t&#259;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i, t&#259;ng kh&#7843; n&#259;ng <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/tang-ty-le-giu-chan-khach-hang-customer-retention-rate-the-nao/">gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (retention rate)</a>, s&#7921; h&#224;i l&#242;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (CLTV).</p><p>N&#243;i t&#243;m l&#7841;i, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t s&#7889; l&#7907;i &#237;ch nh&#432;:</p><ul><li><p><em>T&#259;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; email marketing: </em>Ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng theo RFM s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p marketing theo t&#7915;ng tr&#7841;ng th&#225;i c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trong v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i mua h&#224;ng, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; n&#226;ng cao hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; k&#234;u g&#7885;i h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p v&#224; h&#7841;n ch&#7871; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ti&#234;u c&#7921;c c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#7899;i c&#244;ng ty. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/phan-nhom-tep-khach-hang-trong-email-marketing/">ph&#226;n nh&#243;m t&#7879;p email</a> tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ch&#7841;y c&#225;c automatic drip campaign theo t&#7915;ng nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#234;n c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; MailChimp, Campaign Monitor,&#8230; V&#7899;i k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7871;n t&#7845;u b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; c&#225;c ti&#234;u ch&#237; quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7899;i m&#7897;t chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch email nh&#432; t&#7927; l&#7879; m&#7903; (open rate), t&#7927; l&#7879; nh&#7845;p chu&#7897;t (click rate) c&#7911;a email v&#224; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t mua h&#224;ng qua email.</p></li><li><p><em>C&#7843;i thi&#7879;n <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/cach-do-luong-va-tang-gia-tri-vong-doi-khach-hang/">gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (CLTV)</a></em>: RFM c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; gi&#7843;m t&#7927; l&#7879; r&#7901;i b&#7887;, upsell v&#224; cross-sell cho c&#225;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i cao, t&#259;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; trung th&#224;nh v&#224; referral,..</p></li><li><p><em>Ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng cho gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#7899;i: </em>Nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trung th&#224;nh c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng cao s&#7869; ti&#7871;p nh&#7853;n, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng v&#224; c&#243; ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i t&#237;ch c&#7921;c v&#7899;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#7899;i c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty. Nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y c&#361;ng c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng cao h&#417;n trong vi&#7879;c <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/word-of-mouth-la-gi/">gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#7899;i v&#242;ng tr&#242;n quan h&#7879; (WOM)</a>, c&#243; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng t&#237;ch c&#7921;c &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c v&#7873; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a c&#225;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng kh&#225;c, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; n&#226;ng cao hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; awareness v&#224; m&#7903; r&#7897;ng c&#417; s&#7903; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#7899;i.</p></li><li><p><em>T&#259;ng s&#7921; trung th&#224;nh v&#224; t&#259;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng: </em>Nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i l&#224; &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t quan tr&#7885;ng khi c&#244;ng ty th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh ch&#259;m s&#243;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. B&#7841;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o r&#7857;ng nh&#243;m &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m ban &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a h&#7885; v&#7899;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u l&#224; t&#237;ch c&#7921;c v&#224; &#273;&#225;ng nh&#7899;.</p></li><li><p><em>Gi&#7843;m t&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i b&#7887; doanh nghi&#7879;p: </em>C&#225;c nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#227; l&#226;u kh&#244;ng quay l&#7841;i v&#224; s&#7913;c mua tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng l&#7899;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#250; &#253; b&#7903;i kh&#7843; n&#259;ng r&#7901;i b&#7887; doanh nghi&#7879;p l&#224; r&#7845;t l&#7899;n. Ph&#226;n kh&#250;c theo RFM c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y.</p></li><li><p><em>T&#7889;i &#432;u chi ph&#237; marketing v&#224; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ROI: </em>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM gi&#250;p nh&#7855;m ch&#7885;n ch&#237;nh x&#225;c &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, n&#226;ng cao hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m m&#7899;i, m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#224; l&#242;ng trung th&#224;nh n&#7893;i b&#7853;t c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, t&#7927; l&#7879; r&#7901;i b&#7887; th&#7845;p h&#417;n, ROI t&#7889;t h&#417;n trong c&#225;c chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch marketing,&#8230; T&#7853;p trung v&#224;o m&#7897;t ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng nh&#7887; h&#417;n s&#7869; gi&#7843;m &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; chi ph&#237;, cho ph&#233;p b&#7841;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m h&#417;n v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p></li><li><p><em>N&#226;ng cao hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a c&#225;c chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch remarketing / retargeting:</em> Remarketing l&#224; chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t hi&#7875;n th&#7883; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o ho&#7863;c c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh khuy&#7871;n m&#7841;i t&#7889;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#227; t&#7915;ng truy c&#7853;p v&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i trang web &#237;t nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t l&#7847;n. Nh&#7919;ng qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n t&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng n&#224;y tr&#234;n c&#225;c trang web kh&#225;c m&#224; h&#7885; &#273;ang truy c&#7853;p, nh&#7901; v&#7853;y c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n t&#7927; l&#7879; nh&#7845;p chu&#7897;t (click rate) v&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; t&#7893;ng th&#7875; c&#7911;a chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>3. L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM cho ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;?</strong></h2><h3><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 1: T&#237;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; R &#8211; F &#8211; M</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#7875; t&#237;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; RFM, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; d&#7919; li&#7879;u chi ti&#7871;t c&#7911;a c&#225;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng:</p><ul><li><p>ID / Email / H&#7885; v&#224; t&#234;n: c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin &#273;&#7883;nh danh c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</p></li><li><p>Recency (R) &#8211; kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian t&#237;nh t&#7915; l&#7847;n cu&#7889;i giao d&#7883;ch t&#7899;i hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch l&#7845;y ng&#224;y kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua h&#224;ng cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng tr&#7915; &#273;i ng&#224;y kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n giao d&#7883;ch &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n.</p></li><li><p>Frequency (F) &#8211; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t giao d&#7883;ch, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch l&#7845;y t&#7893;ng s&#7889; l&#7847;n mua h&#224;ng chia cho kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian gi&#7919;a l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u v&#224; l&#7847;n cu&#7889;i mua h&#224;ng.</p></li><li><p>Monetary (M) &#8211; t&#7893;ng s&#7889; ti&#7873;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#227; chi tr&#7843; cho c&#244;ng ty trong su&#7889;t v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i mua h&#224;ng c&#7911;a h&#7885;, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch c&#7897;ng g&#7897;p gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a t&#7845;t c&#7843; s&#7889; ti&#7873;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#227; thanh to&#225;n cho c&#244;ng ty.</p></li></ul><h3><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 2: Chia c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#224;nh c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng tr&#234;n thang &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7915; 1-5</strong></h3><p>Sau khi &#273;&#227; c&#243; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; RFM, b&#7841;n s&#7869; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c ph&#226;n kho&#7843;ng c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#224;y v&#224; g&#225;n cho ch&#250;ng m&#7897;t m&#7913;c &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; tr&#234;n thang 1-5 &#273;i&#7875;m, v&#7899;i 1 &#273;i&#7875;m cho gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7845;p nh&#7845;t v&#224; 5 &#273;i&#7875;m cho gi&#225; tr&#7883; cao nh&#7845;t. V&#237; d&#7909;, v&#7899;i ti&#234;u ch&#237; Recency, nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i mua h&#224;ng trong v&#242;ng 1 tu&#7847;n t&#237;nh t&#7915; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i s&#7869; c&#243; m&#7913;c &#273;i&#7875;m l&#224; 5, trong khi nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#227; 216 ng&#224;y t&#237;nh t&#7915; ng&#224;y cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng mua h&#224;ng s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7845;m v&#7899;i m&#7913;c &#273;i&#7875;m l&#224; 1. C&#225;ch g&#225;n &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; v&#7899;i Frequency v&#224; Monetary.</p><p>H&#227;y nh&#7899; r&#7857;ng, gi&#225; tr&#7883; RFM v&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m RFM l&#224; kh&#225;c nhau. Gi&#225; tr&#7883; l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; tuy&#7879;t &#273;&#7889;i c&#7911;a R &#8211; F &#8211; M cho kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#243;, trong khi &#273;i&#7875;m RFM l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7915; 1-5 d&#7921;a tr&#234;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; sau khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p theo m&#7897;t th&#7913; t&#7921;.</p><p>M&#7895;i c&#244;ng ty s&#7869; c&#243; c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p v&#224; c&#244;ng th&#7913;c chia kho&#7843;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#224; t&#237;nh &#273;i&#7875;m RFM kh&#225;c nhau. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y s&#7869; gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u hai ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t.</p><p><em><strong>Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p 1: Chia kho&#7843;ng &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n</strong></em></p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;:</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; g&#225;n &#273;i&#7875;m Recency theo thang 5 &#273;i&#7875;m v&#7899;i c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian:</p><ul><li><p>5 &#273;i&#7875;m: Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i c&#243; giao d&#7883;ch v&#224; mua h&#224;ng trong 24 gi&#7901;.</p></li><li><p>4 &#273;i&#7875;m: Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i c&#243; giao d&#7883;ch v&#224; mua h&#224;ng trong v&#242;ng 3 ng&#224;y qua.</p></li><li><p>3 &#273;i&#7875;m: Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; l&#7847;n giao d&#7883;ch v&#224; mua h&#224;ng cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng trong 30 ng&#224;y qua.</p></li><li><p>2 &#273;i&#7875;m: Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; l&#7847;n giao d&#7883;ch v&#224; mua h&#224;ng cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng trong v&#242;ng 180 ng&#224;y qua.</p></li><li><p>1 &#273;i&#7875;m: Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; l&#7847;n cu&#7889;i giao d&#7883;ch xa h&#417;n 180 ng&#224;y.</p></li></ul><p>V&#7899;i ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ph&#7841;m vi cho t&#7915;ng kho&#7843;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#224; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7897;t m&#7913;c &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; cho c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#225;c nhau. D&#7921;a v&#224;o &#273;&#226;y, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#243; 3 thang &#273;o &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; R &#8211; F &#8211; M.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng ph&#7841;m vi gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#224;y s&#7869; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t v&#224; business understanding c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p v&#224; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. Kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a m&#7895;i ng&#224;nh h&#224;ng s&#7869; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng th&#243;i quen, h&#224;nh vi ti&#234;u d&#249;ng kh&#225;c nhau. V&#237; d&#7909;: c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m High-involvement nh&#432; &#244; t&#244;, &#273;&#7891; &#273;i&#7879;n gia d&#7909;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;c &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#243; gi&#225; cao, kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m thay th&#7871; v&#224; c&#243; t&#237;nh r&#7911;i ro cao, th&#236; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t mua s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh theo &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; n&#259;m; trong khi c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m Low-involvement v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; mua h&#224;ng ng&#224;y nh&#432; c&#224; ph&#234;, kem &#273;&#225;nh r&#259;ng th&#236; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t mua s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh theo &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; ng&#224;y.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/su-khac-nhau-giua-san-pham-high-involvement-va-san-pham-low-involvement/">S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m High-involvement v&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m Low-involvement</a></p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y, &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; ph&#7843;i x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#249; h&#7907;p cho kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7863;t tr&#432;&#7899;c, v&#236; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#244;ng ch&#237;nh x&#225;c s&#7869; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; kh&#244;ng ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#7873; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; trung th&#224;nh c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#224; RFM.</p><p><em><strong>Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p 2: Quintiles &#8211; chia kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#224;nh 5 ph&#7847;n b&#7857;ng nhau d&#7921;a tr&#234;n c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#227; c&#243;</strong></em></p><p>Quintiles l&#224; m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t c&#7911;a <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/percentile-la-gi-percentile-duoc-ung-dung-va-tinh-toan-nhu-nao/">Percentile</a>, chia t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh 5 ph&#7847;n b&#7857;ng nhau.</p><p>Gi&#7843; s&#7917;, x&#233;t ri&#234;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; R c&#7911;a m&#7897;t nh&#243;m 100 kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. &#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, s&#7855;p x&#7871;p c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n t&#7915; l&#7899;n t&#7899;i b&#233;, 20 gi&#225; tr&#7883; l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t dao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; 180 &#8211; 91 ng&#224;y, 20 gi&#225; tr&#7883; ti&#7871;p theo dao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; 90 &#8211; 61 ng&#224;y, 20 gi&#225; tr&#7883; ti&#7871;p theo dao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; 60 &#8211; 31 ng&#224;y, 20 gi&#225; tr&#7883; ti&#7871;p theo dao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; 30 &#8211; 11 ng&#224;y v&#224; 20 gi&#225; tr&#7883; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng giao &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; 10 &#8211; 0 ng&#224;y. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, v&#7899;i ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y, c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng b&#7857;ng nhau nh&#432;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng nh&#243;m s&#7869; nh&#432; nhau.</p><p>Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; l&#224; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p 1 v&#236; y&#234;u c&#7847;u ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t v&#7873; to&#225;n th&#7889;ng k&#234; m&#244; t&#7843;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y c&#243; &#432;u &#273;i&#7875;m l&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng v&#7899;i b&#7845;t k&#7923; ng&#224;nh n&#224;o, b&#7903;i c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n b&#7893; &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7873;u v&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i c&#243; hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t s&#226;u v&#7873; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m ti&#234;u d&#249;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><p><em><strong>Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p 3: S&#7917; d&#7909;ng thu&#7853;t to&#225;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#7909;m (clustering) nh&#432; <a href="https://towardsdatascience.com/k-means-clustering-explained-4528df86a120">&#8220;k-means&#8221;</a></strong></em></p><p>Thay v&#236; ph&#226;n nh&#243;m c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p theo c&#225;ch th&#7911; c&#244;ng, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224; &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o m&#244; h&#236;nh unsupervised Machine Learning nh&#432; &#8220;k-means&#8221; &#273;&#7875; nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#224;nh c&#225;c c&#7909;m ri&#234;ng bi&#7879;t. S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y n&#7857;m &#7903;:</p><ul><li><p>Thu&#7853;t to&#225;n s&#7869; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng cho c&#225;c c&#7909;m kh&#225;c nhau. Ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng m&#7897;t s&#7889; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7889; c&#7909;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; &#8220;t&#7889;i &#432;u&#8221;, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#8220;<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbow_method_(clustering)">elbow</a>&#8221; ho&#7863;c &#8220;<a href="https://towardsdatascience.com/silhouette-method-better-than-elbow-method-to-find-optimal-clusters-378d62ff6891">silhouette</a>&#8220;.</p></li><li><p>Thu&#7853;t to&#225;n n&#224;y s&#7869; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; R &#8211; F &#8211; M (t&#7913;c l&#224; $$$ &#273;&#227; chi ti&#234;u, # ng&#224;y t&#7915; l&#7847;n mua h&#224;ng cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng,&#8230;) thay v&#236; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; RFM trong kho&#7843;ng t&#7915; 1 &#273;&#7871;n 5.</p></li></ul><p>N&#7871;u nh&#432; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p 1 v&#224; 2 c&#243; &#432;u &#273;i&#7875;m l&#224; c&#243; s&#7921; thu&#7853;n ti&#7879;n v&#224; d&#7877; d&#224;ng &#225;p d&#7909;ng b&#7903;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i y&#234;u c&#7847;u v&#7873; hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224; to&#225;n th&#7889;ng k&#234; n&#226;ng cao; th&#236; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p 3 s&#7869; c&#243; &#432;u &#273;i&#7875;m v&#7873; t&#237;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c cao h&#417;n vi&#7879;c ch&#7881; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m hay ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#7887;ng &#273;o&#225;n.</p><h3><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 3: Ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#7915; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM</strong></h3><p>R, F v&#224; M c&#243; m&#7913;c &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7915; 1-5, do &#273;&#243; c&#243; t&#7893;ng c&#7897;ng 5x5x5 = 125 t&#7893; h&#7907;p gi&#225; tr&#7883; RFM kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>Ba chi&#7873;u c&#7911;a R, F v&#224; M &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; nh&#7845;t v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; 3D. Nh&#432;ng l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; 3D s&#7869; kh&#244;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;. Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n m&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; hai chi&#7873;u &#273;&#7875; d&#7877; m&#244; t&#7843; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; d&#7877; hi&#7875;u h&#417;n.</p><p>C&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n n&#224;y coi F v&#224; M c&#249;ng c&#243; s&#7921; li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i s&#7913;c mua c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, trong khi R s&#7869; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#7899;i c&#244;ng ty. T&#7915; &#273;&#226;y, b&#7841;n s&#7869; k&#7871;t h&#7907;p bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n &#273;i&#7875;m s&#7889; frequency + monetary tr&#234;n tr&#7909;c Y (ph&#7841;m vi t&#7915; 0 &#273;&#7871;n 5 &#273;i&#7875;m) v&#224; recency tr&#234;n tr&#7909;c X (ph&#7841;m vi t&#7915; 0 &#273;&#7871;n 5 &#273;i&#7875;m). S&#7921; k&#7871;t h&#7907;p n&#224;y s&#7869; nh&#243;m v&#224; gi&#7843;m s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p t&#7915; 125 xu&#7889;ng c&#242;n 50.</p><p>L&#7845;y m&#7897;t t&#7841;p ch&#237; l&#224; v&#237; d&#7909; &#273;&#7875; minh h&#7885;a. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7897;c gi&#7843; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; t&#7841;p ch&#237; h&#224;ng th&#225;ng v&#7899;i m&#7913;c gi&#225; l&#224; 100 &#273;&#244; la, t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#432;&#417;ng v&#7899;i 1200 &#273;&#244; la cho 12 th&#225;ng. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, gi&#225; tr&#7883; M (monetary) l&#224; 1200, gi&#225; tr&#7883; F (frequency) l&#224; 12. Trong khi &#273;&#243;, n&#7871;u m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;c gi&#7843; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7923; n&#259;m, gi&#225; tr&#7883; M v&#7851;n s&#7869; l&#224; 1200 nh&#432;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; F l&#250;c n&#224;y l&#224; 1 do h&#7885; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; v&#224; thanh to&#225;n duy nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t l&#7847;n. Trong c&#7843; hai tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p, kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; s&#7913;c mua l&#224; nh&#432; nhau v&#224; vi&#7879;c k&#7871;t h&#7907;p F v&#224; M l&#224; h&#7907;p l&#253;.</p><p>50 tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p v&#7851;n l&#224; con s&#7889; l&#7899;n v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#243;m g&#7885;n th&#224;nh 11 nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; s&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7891;ng v&#7899;i nhau nh&#432; b&#7843;ng d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2Dv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13128f8a-5ef5-47e2-86ae-902837a7f193_1174x706.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2Dv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13128f8a-5ef5-47e2-86ae-902837a7f193_1174x706.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2Dv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13128f8a-5ef5-47e2-86ae-902837a7f193_1174x706.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2Dv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13128f8a-5ef5-47e2-86ae-902837a7f193_1174x706.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2Dv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13128f8a-5ef5-47e2-86ae-902837a7f193_1174x706.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2Dv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13128f8a-5ef5-47e2-86ae-902837a7f193_1174x706.png" width="1174" height="706" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/13128f8a-5ef5-47e2-86ae-902837a7f193_1174x706.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:706,&quot;width&quot;:1174,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:106834,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2Dv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13128f8a-5ef5-47e2-86ae-902837a7f193_1174x706.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2Dv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13128f8a-5ef5-47e2-86ae-902837a7f193_1174x706.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2Dv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13128f8a-5ef5-47e2-86ae-902837a7f193_1174x706.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z2Dv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F13128f8a-5ef5-47e2-86ae-902837a7f193_1174x706.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cjGg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F624f43fa-a5da-4edf-85d4-8963c80db3f9_1152x580.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cjGg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F624f43fa-a5da-4edf-85d4-8963c80db3f9_1152x580.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cjGg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F624f43fa-a5da-4edf-85d4-8963c80db3f9_1152x580.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cjGg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F624f43fa-a5da-4edf-85d4-8963c80db3f9_1152x580.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cjGg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F624f43fa-a5da-4edf-85d4-8963c80db3f9_1152x580.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cjGg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F624f43fa-a5da-4edf-85d4-8963c80db3f9_1152x580.png" width="1152" height="580" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cjGg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F624f43fa-a5da-4edf-85d4-8963c80db3f9_1152x580.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cjGg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F624f43fa-a5da-4edf-85d4-8963c80db3f9_1152x580.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cjGg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F624f43fa-a5da-4edf-85d4-8963c80db3f9_1152x580.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin m&#7899;i nh&#7845;t v&#7873; Data nh&#233;!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 4: Tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tree map</strong></h3><p>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tree map s&#7869; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n tr&#7921;c quan c&#225;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#243; c&#225;i nh&#236;n t&#7893;ng quan v&#224; nhanh nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i nh&#432; &#8220;&#273;&#226;u l&#224; nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng chi&#7871;m t&#7927; tr&#7885;ng nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t?&#8221;. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; BI <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/business-intelligence-la-gi/">(Business Intelligence)</a> nh&#432; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/15-datasets-thuc-hanh-phan-tich-du-lieu-voi-power-bi/">Power BI</a>, Tableau, Qlik &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c t&#225;c v&#7909; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a n&#224;y.</p><p>Vi&#7879;c l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n m&#224;u s&#7855;c t&#7915; nh&#7841;t t&#7899;i &#273;&#7853;m c&#361;ng s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n nhanh ch&#243;ng bi&#7871;t m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7847;n &#432;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9U_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb967ef31-f61f-4830-9506-5667d92841ba_451x343.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9U_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb967ef31-f61f-4830-9506-5667d92841ba_451x343.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9U_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb967ef31-f61f-4830-9506-5667d92841ba_451x343.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9U_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb967ef31-f61f-4830-9506-5667d92841ba_451x343.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9U_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb967ef31-f61f-4830-9506-5667d92841ba_451x343.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9U_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb967ef31-f61f-4830-9506-5667d92841ba_451x343.jpeg" width="451" height="343" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b967ef31-f61f-4830-9506-5667d92841ba_451x343.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:343,&quot;width&quot;:451,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9U_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb967ef31-f61f-4830-9506-5667d92841ba_451x343.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9U_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb967ef31-f61f-4830-9506-5667d92841ba_451x343.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9U_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb967ef31-f61f-4830-9506-5667d92841ba_451x343.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!d9U_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb967ef31-f61f-4830-9506-5667d92841ba_451x343.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 5: D&#7921;a v&#224;o ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh cho c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224; th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p marketing</strong></h3><p><em><strong>Ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng Champion</strong></em></p><p>Nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y mua h&#224;ng r&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n, v&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; gi&#7887; h&#224;ng l&#7899;n v&#224; v&#7851;n c&#243; giao d&#7883;ch g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y. B&#224;i to&#225;n &#273;&#7863;t ra c&#7911;a nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y l&#224; &#8220;l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y b&#7857;ng m&#7885;i gi&#225;?&#8221;.</p><p>Doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#259;m s&#243;c v&#224; khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y quay l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n h&#417;n b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#226;n thi&#7871;t v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a cao. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o c&#225;ch VinID th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trung th&#224;nh v&#7899;i th&#7867; c&#7913;ng v&#224; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng v&#7899;i h&#224;ng ng&#224;n &#432;u &#273;&#227;i, khuy&#7871;n m&#7841;i v&#224; ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh t&#237;ch &#273;i&#7875;m, &#273;&#7893;i &#273;i&#7875;m v&#224; c&#225;c &#432;u &#273;&#227;i ri&#234;ng cho 3 h&#7841;ng m&#7913;c kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, b&#7903;i nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y &#273;&#227; c&#243; s&#7921; tin t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224; cam k&#7871;t cao v&#7899;i th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u, c&#244;ng ty kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i thu h&#250;t h&#7885; b&#7857;ng c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh gi&#7843;m gi&#225; khuy&#7871;n m&#7841;i. Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, h&#227;y t&#259;ng CLTV b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t c&#225;c m&#7863;t h&#224;ng c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; l&#7899;n h&#417;n, c&#225;c <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/trade-marketer-ban-hang-theo-combo-the-nao-cho-hieu-qua/">combo s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m</a> d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng l&#7883;ch s&#7917; &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng.</p><p><em><strong>Ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng Loyal Customers v&#224; Potential Loyalist</strong></em></p><p>Nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng mua nhi&#7873;u t&#7899;i r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n, nh&#432;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; gi&#7887; h&#224;ng &#7903; m&#7913;c kh&#244;ng cao. B&#224;i to&#225;n &#273;&#7863;t ra l&#224; &#8220;l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; n&#226;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; gi&#7887; h&#224;ng m&#7895;i l&#7847;n mua h&#224;ng?&#8221;.</p><p>Doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh &#432;u &#273;&#227;i g&#7855;n li&#7873;n v&#7899;i c&#225;c ng&#432;&#7905;ng chi ti&#234;u (v&#237; d&#7909;: qu&#224; t&#7863;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237; cho c&#225;c giao d&#7883;ch tr&#234;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u). C&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh advocacy v&#224; referral c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y.</p><p><em><strong>Ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng Recent Customers v&#224; Promising</strong></em></p><p>Nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y m&#7899;i mua g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y nh&#7845;t nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a mua h&#224;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n v&#224; v&#7851;n &#273;ang &#7903; giai &#273;o&#7841;n tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m, &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225;. B&#224;i to&#225;n &#273;&#7863;t ra l&#224; &#8220;l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; gi&#250;p h&#7885; h&#224;i l&#242;ng &#7903; nh&#7919;ng giao d&#7883;ch &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n n&#224;y v&#224; quay l&#7841;i mua h&#224;ng nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n h&#417;n, v&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; gi&#7887; h&#224;ng l&#7899;n h&#417;n?&#8221;.</p><p>Doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; c&#7847;n m&#7897;t quy tr&#236;nh ch&#259;m s&#243;c b&#224;i b&#7843;n v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225; nh&#226;n h&#243;a &#273;&#7911; cao s&#7869; l&#224; y&#7871;u t&#7889; ch&#237;nh &#273;&#7875; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u t&#7841;o d&#7921;ng m&#7889;i quan h&#7879;. V&#237; d&#7909;: c&#243; l&#7901;i c&#7843;m &#417;n v&#224; l&#7845;y &#253; ki&#7871;n v&#7873; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m mua h&#224;ng &#7903; &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i t&#7863;ng k&#232;m voucher ch&#224;o m&#7915;ng gi&#7843;m gi&#225; cho nh&#7919;ng l&#7847;n mua h&#224;ng ti&#7871;p theo. Sau &#273;&#243;, doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#224; &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t th&#244;ng tin v&#7873; c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; v&#7899;i gi&#7887; h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n v&#224; cross-sell/upsell v&#7899;i combo v&#224; c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#243; size l&#7899;n h&#417;n.</p><p><em><strong>Ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng Customers Needing Attention v&#224; At Risk</strong></em></p><p>Nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y kh&#244;ng quay l&#7841;i mua h&#224;ng g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y, tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; c&#243; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t mua h&#224;ng kh&#225; th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; gi&#7887; h&#224;ng &#7903; m&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh kh&#225; &#8211; l&#7899;n. B&#224;i to&#225;n &#273;&#7863;t ra l&#224; &#8220;&#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; khi&#7871;n h&#7885; kh&#244;ng h&#224;i l&#242;ng v&#224; kh&#244;ng quay l&#7841;i mua h&#224;ng?&#8221;.</p><p>Doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c kh&#7843;o s&#225;t &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kh&#244;ng ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c quay l&#7841;i c&#7911;a h&#7885; v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra h&#432;&#7899;ng kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; h&#417;n thay v&#236; ch&#7841;y ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh gi&#7843;m gi&#225;, &#432;u &#273;&#227;i r&#7897;ng r&#227;i &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh l&#227;ng ph&#237; ng&#226;n s&#225;ch. B&#7903;i nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n khi&#7871;n h&#7885; kh&#244;ng quay l&#7841;i b&#234;n c&#7841;nh gi&#225; b&#225;n c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#242;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7899;i t&#7915; vi&#7879;c ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m gi&#7843;m, s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#244;ng c&#242;n &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng nhu c&#7847;u c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ho&#7863;c th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/d&#7883;ch v&#7909; thay th&#7871;.</p><p><em><strong>Ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng About To Sleep, Hibernating v&#224; Lost</strong></em></p><p>Nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y &#273;&#227; l&#226;u kh&#244;ng quay l&#7841;i v&#224; s&#7913;c mua y&#7871;u (t&#7847;n su&#7845;t mua h&#224;ng kh&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n, gi&#225; tr&#7883; gi&#7887; h&#224;ng kh&#244;ng cao). B&#224;i to&#225;n &#273;&#7863;t ra l&#224; &#8220;l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; quay l&#7841;i mua h&#224;ng l&#7847;n n&#7919;a v&#224; khi&#7871;n h&#7885; mua h&#224;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n h&#417;n?&#8221;.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, kh&#244;ng d&#7877; &#273;&#7875; doanh nghi&#7879;p re-engage l&#7841;i h&#7885; b&#7903;i th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kh&#244;ng ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c mua h&#224;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; ti&#234;u c&#7921;c v&#7873; tr&#7843;i nghi&#7879;m v&#7899;i s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/d&#7883;ch v&#7909; ho&#7863;c h&#7885; &#273;&#227; trung th&#224;nh v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/d&#7883;ch thay th&#7871; kh&#225;c. B&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; g&#7917;i email c&#225; nh&#226;n, t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p qua social media ho&#7863;c g&#7885;i &#273;i&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i l&#7841;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng n&#224;y.</p><p>Doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n k&#237;ch th&#237;ch &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t giao d&#7883;ch s&#7899;m nh&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875;, ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng nh&#7853;n th&#7913;c v&#7873; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u s&#7869; r&#417;i v&#224;o b&#7897; nh&#7899; ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n v&#224; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng b&#7883; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng l&#227;ng qu&#234;n. V&#236; v&#7853;y, doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch retargeting, c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh x&#250;c ti&#7871;n ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; h&#236;nh th&#7913;c nh&#432; voucher, discount gi&#7843;m gi&#225;, &#432;u &#273;&#227;i &#273;&#7897;c quy&#7873;n,&#8230;</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/diem-mat-14-loai-khuyen-mai-pho-bien/">&#272;i&#7875;m m&#7863;t 14 lo&#7841;i khuy&#7871;n m&#7841;i ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n</a></p><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843; l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng l&#224; khi doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; th&#7875; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng Champions v&#224; gi&#7843;m thi&#7875;u s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trong c&#225;c nh&#243;m b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; nh&#7845;t. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, doanh thu kinh doanh s&#7869; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7873;n v&#7919;ng v&#224; c&#243; s&#7921; ph&#226;n b&#7893; ng&#226;n s&#225;ch ph&#249; h&#7907;p, tr&#225;nh l&#227;ng ph&#237; ng&#226;n s&#225;ch khi ph&#7843;i ch&#7841;y c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh marketing t&#7899;i to&#224;n b&#7897; &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#243; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u nh&#7855;m ch&#7885;n.</p><h2><strong>4. C&#244;ng c&#7909; v&#224; ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM</strong></h2><p>Nhi&#7873;u doanh nghi&#7879;p ng&#224;y c&#224;ng nh&#7853;n ra t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/crm-la-gi-tai-sao-can-dau-tu-vao-he-thong-crm/">CRM (customer relationship management)</a>. T&#7915; &#273;&#226;y, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM v&#224; ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng theo h&#224;nh vi mua s&#7855;m c&#361;ng tr&#7903; th&#224;nh m&#7897;t ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; thi&#7871;u trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch Marketing v&#224; kinh doanh.</p><p>N&#7871;u doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; c&#417; s&#7903; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng l&#7899;n, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; v&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c ph&#233;p t&#237;nh chia kho&#7843;ng m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><h4><strong>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Excel/Google Sheets</strong></h4><p>Khi &#273;&#227; c&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7883;ch s&#7917; mua h&#224;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Excel ho&#7863;c Google Sheets &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c h&#224;m t&#237;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; RFM:</p><ul><li><p>T&#237;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; Recency: Ch&#7885;n ra ng&#224;y kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n giao d&#7883;ch cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng b&#7857;ng <a href="https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3094013">h&#224;m MAX</a> v&#224; ch&#7885;n ra ng&#224;y hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i b&#7857;ng h&#224;m <a href="https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3092984?">TODAY</a>. Sau &#273;&#243;, t&#237;nh s&#7889; ng&#224;y kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng <a href="https://support.google.com/docs/answer/6055612">h&#224;m DATEDIF</a>.</p></li><li><p>T&#237;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; Frequency: T&#237;nh kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a hai ng&#224;y mua h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n &#8211; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; tr&#234;n v&#7899;i <a href="https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3094017">h&#224;m MIN</a>, h&#224;m MAX v&#224; h&#224;m DATEDIF. Sau &#273;&#243;, t&#237;nh s&#7889; l&#7847;n mua h&#224;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng b&#7857;ng <a href="https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3093620?">h&#224;m COUNT</a>. Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, l&#7845;y s&#7889; l&#7847;n mua h&#224;ng chia cho kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a hai ng&#224;y mua h&#224;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n &#8211; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#237;nh t&#7847;n su&#7845;t mua h&#224;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch</p></li><li><p>T&#237;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; Monetary: T&#237;nh t&#7893;ng s&#7889; ti&#7873;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#227; chi tr&#7843; v&#7899;i <a href="https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3093583">h&#224;m SUMIF</a>.</p></li></ul><p>Sau khi &#273;&#227; c&#243; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; RFM, b&#7841;n ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n nh&#243;m c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; theo hai ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;&#227; li&#7879;t k&#234; ph&#237;a tr&#234;n.</p><p>V&#7899;i ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p th&#7913; hai, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng <a href="https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3094098?hl=en">h&#224;m RANK</a> &#273;&#7875; s&#7855;p x&#7871;p c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n t&#7915; l&#7899;n t&#7899;i b&#233;, sau &#273;&#243; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng <a href="https://support.google.com/docs/answer/3094041">h&#224;m QUARTILE</a> &#273;&#7875; t&#237;nh c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; m&#224; t&#7841;i &#273;&#243;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; chia t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh 5 ph&#7847;n b&#7857;ng nhau. &#272;&#7875; nh&#243;m c&#225;c m&#7913;c &#273;i&#7875;m RFM theo c&#225;c t&#7893; h&#7907;p, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng <a href="https://support.google.com/docs/answer/7014145">h&#224;m IFS</a>. V&#237; d&#7909;, IFS(A2 = &#8220;5&#8221;, B2 = &#8220;5&#8221;, C2 = &#8220;5&#8221;, &#8220;Champions&#8221;)</p><h4><strong>SQL/ Python / R</strong></h4><p>SQL, R v&#224; Python l&#224; c&#225;c ng&#244;n ng&#7919; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n cho ng&#224;nh d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#7863;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#7889;ng k&#234;.</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o code ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM:</p><ul><li><p>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Python: t&#7841;i <a href="https://nealanalytics.com/blog/customer-segmentation-using-rfm-analysis/">&#273;&#226;y</a></p></li><li><p>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng SQL: t&#7841;i <a href="https://panoply.io/shopify-analytics-guide/how-to-create-rfm-segments-with-sql">&#273;&#226;y</a> v&#224; <a href="https://towardsdatascience.com/a-simple-way-to-segment-customers-using-google-bigquery-and-data-studio-f31c8896cc52">&#273;&#226;y</a></p></li><li><p>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng R: t&#7841;i <a href="https://rpubs.com/Eddie_Zaldivar/705462">&#273;&#226;y</a></p></li></ul><h4><strong>M&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#244;ng c&#7909; CRM kh&#225;c</strong></h4><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m CRM c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng t&#237;nh &#273;i&#7875;m RFM v&#224; ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, v&#237; d&#7909; Zoho,&#8230;</p><h2><strong>5. H&#7841;n ch&#7871; c&#7911;a k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM</strong></h2><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng theo RFM c&#243; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u &#432;u &#273;i&#7875;m, kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ph&#7911; nh&#7853;n r&#7857;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y v&#7851;n c&#242;n m&#7897;t s&#7889; sai s&#243;t v&#224; h&#7841;n ch&#7871;.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh to&#225;n v&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ph&#226;n nh&#243;m m&#7897;t c&#225;ch th&#7911; c&#244;ng, c&#225;c ph&#233;p t&#237;nh c&#243; th&#7875; x&#7843;y ra c&#225;c l&#7895;i sai. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM c&#361;ng ch&#7881; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ba &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a h&#224;nh vi ti&#234;u d&#249;ng c&#417; b&#7843;n v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ho&#224;n to&#224;n t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7883;ch s&#7917; trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;. V&#236; v&#7853;y, nh&#7919;ng insight r&#250;t ra t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y ch&#7911; y&#7871;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng cho nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i v&#224; ch&#7881; mang t&#237;nh d&#7921; b&#225;o c&#417; b&#7843;n v&#7873; h&#224;nh vi ti&#234;u d&#249;ng trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#243;, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p gi&#250;p doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i.</p><p>M&#7863;t kh&#225;c, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n c&#225;c marketer b&#7887; qua nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#7903; nh&#243;m th&#7845;p d&#249; m&#7897;t s&#7889; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#243; v&#7851;n c&#243; ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng &#273;&#7875; mua h&#224;ng v&#7899;i value v&#224; volume nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n. C&#225;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng t&#237;nh &#273;&#7871;n y&#7871;u t&#7889; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; b&#234;n ngo&#224;i nh&#432; c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh khuy&#7871;n m&#7841;i tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y ho&#7863;c t&#237;nh th&#7901;i v&#7909; (kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; th&#7875; mua h&#224;ng v&#224;o c&#225;c d&#7883;p sinh nh&#7853;t ho&#7863;c ng&#224;y k&#7927; ni&#7879;m).</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/rfm?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/rfm?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/rfm?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h2><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; trong vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, gi&#250;p c&#244;ng ty t&#7853;p trung ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c cho nh&#7919;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#243; ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng v&#224; c&#243; c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh ch&#259;m s&#243;c, truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng khuy&#7871;n m&#7841;i ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i nhu c&#7847;u v&#224; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7915;ng nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>Hy v&#7885;ng th&#244;ng qua b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; hi&#7875;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM l&#224; g&#236;, &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng nh&#432; n&#224;o v&#224; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng theo RFM. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n quan t&#226;m h&#417;n v&#7873; c&#225;c ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong Marketing/Sales/Product, h&#227;y <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=rfm">tham kh&#7843;o kh&#243;a h&#7885;c </a><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=rfm">Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics</a> c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=rfm" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Data Analysis là gì – Quy trình và phương pháp phân tích dữ liệu bạn cần biết]]></title><description><![CDATA[Gi&#7919;a h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u h&#7895;n &#273;&#7897;n, l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;n ch&#250;ng th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh mang l&#7841;i l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n? Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#237;nh l&#224; ch&#236;a kh&#243;a, nh&#432;ng b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; th&#7921;c s&#7921; hi&#7875;u r&#245; v&#7873; n&#243; ch&#432;a?]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis-la-gi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis-la-gi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 25 Nov 2024 07:42:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9ca4da75-b95f-48ca-badc-0e2f39205fc8_1600x663.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a l&#224; m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh l&#224;m s&#7841;ch, chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; kh&#225;m ph&#225; th&#244;ng tin h&#7919;u &#237;ch cho vi&#7879;c ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh.</strong> M&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch c&#7911;a ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; tr&#237;ch xu&#7845;t <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/10-cach-tan-dung-du-lieu-giup-doanh-nghiep-phat-trien-vuot-bac/">th&#244;ng tin h&#7919;u &#237;ch t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u </a>v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Data Analysis s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913; (historical data) &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch nh&#7919;ng g&#236; &#273;&#227; x&#7843;y ra, t&#7841;i sao v&#224; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch n&#224;o doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#273;&#243;, d&#7921;a v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin &#273;&#243;, business owner v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng s&#7869; x&#7843;y ra t&#432;&#417;ng lai, ho&#7863;c truy l&#7841;i tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m c&#225;c ph&#242;ng ban khi c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; x&#7843;y ra.</p><p>Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, h&#227;y c&#249;ng Insight Ouch! t&#236;m hi&#7875;u s&#226;u h&#417;n v&#7873; <strong>ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p v&#224; quy tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#233;</strong>!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>T&#7841;i sao c&#7847;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u?</strong></h2><p>N&#7871;u doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, th&#236; b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i nh&#236;n l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng sai s&#243;t, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; l&#7853;p l&#7841;i k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch m&#224; kh&#244;ng l&#7863;p l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng sai l&#7847;m &#273;&#243;. Ngay c&#7843; khi doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, b&#7841;n s&#7869; mong mu&#7889;n cho doanh nghi&#7879;p ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n h&#417;n n&#7919;a. T&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; b&#7841;n c&#7847;n l&#224;m l&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u kinh doanh v&#224; quy tr&#236;nh kinh doanh c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c m&#7899;i. Vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong kinh doanh gi&#250;p b&#7841;n:</p><ul><li><p>D&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n xu h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224; h&#224;nh vi c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</p></li><li><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch v&#224; cung c&#7845;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a</p></li><li><p>T&#259;ng n&#259;ng su&#7845;t kinh doanh</p></li><li><p>Th&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;</p></li></ul><h2><strong>Quy tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h2><h4><strong>1/ &#272;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i</strong></h4><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7921; th&#7853;t l&#224; d&#249; cho c&#417; s&#7903; h&#7841; t&#7847;ng c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; th&#244;ng tin t&#226;n ti&#7871;n &#273;&#7871;n th&#7871; n&#224;o, b&#7841;n v&#7851;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t ngay k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cung c&#7845;p, v&#236; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#243; kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; h&#7895; tr&#7907; cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch c&#7911;a b&#7841;n. Ch&#7881; khi &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i c&#7909; th&#7875;, b&#7841;n m&#7899;i x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7847;n theo d&#245;i v&#224; bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh s&#7869; l&#224;m g&#236; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng insight c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. &#272;&#7875; gi&#250;p chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh, b&#7841;n n&#234;n b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7847;n &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u t&#236;m hi&#7875;u c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p, tr&#432;&#7899;c khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. D&#7921;a v&#224;o chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c, m&#7909;c ti&#234;u, ng&#226;n s&#225;ch v&#224; &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p, b&#7841;n s&#7869; chu&#7849;n b&#7883; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c danh s&#225;ch c&#226;u h&#7887;i c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, &#273;&#7863;t n&#7873;n m&#243;ng cho qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n nh&#7919;ng insight li&#234;n quan tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p t&#7899;i v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7889;t l&#245;i. V&#224; sau &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#226;u h&#7887;i b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7863;t ra tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u thu th&#7853;p, khai th&#225;c v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u:</p><ul><li><p>B&#7841;n &#273;ang mu&#7889;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;?</p></li><li><p><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/du-lieu-van-hanh-trong-doanh-nghiep-la-gi-vi-du-ve-metrics-va-kpi-cho-tung-phong-ban/">Nh&#7919;ng KPI ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n n&#224;o gi&#250;p b&#7841;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243;?</a></p></li><li><p>D&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u?</p></li><li><p>L&#224;m sao &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u?</p></li><li><p>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n &#225;p d&#7909;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#7889;ng k&#234; n&#224;o</p></li><li><p>B&#7841;n c&#7847;n tri&#7875;n khai qu&#225; tr&#236;nh t&#237;ch h&#7907;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u ELT n&#224;o kh&#244;ng?</p></li><li><p>Ai l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i xem cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y?</p></li><li><p>H&#236;nh th&#7913;c tr&#7921;c quan ho&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u (data visualization) n&#224;o ph&#249; h&#7907;p?</p></li><li><p>Ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m n&#224;o c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; b&#7841;n?</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/mau-marketing-dashboard-giup-ban-theo-doi-va-danh-gia-hieu-qua-bo-phan-marketing/">M&#7851;u marketing dashboard gi&#250;p b&#7841;n theo d&#245;i v&#224; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; b&#7897; ph&#7853;n marketing</a></p><h4><strong>2/</strong> <strong>D&#226;n ch&#7911; ho&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u (Data democratization)</strong></h4><p>Sau khi c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng c&#7909; th&#7875; cho ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p khai th&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u, c&#361;ng nh&#432; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#245; b&#224;i to&#225;n c&#7847;n gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#8211; y&#7871;u t&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng gi&#250;p b&#7841;n t&#7889;i &#432;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; thu v&#7873; t&#7915; ngu&#7891;n th&#244;ng tin s&#7861;n c&#243;, vi&#7879;c ti&#7871;p theo b&#7841;n c&#7847;n l&#224;m l&#224; d&#226;n ch&#7911; ho&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u (data democratization).</p><p>D&#226;n ch&#7911; ho&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; quy tr&#236;nh k&#7871;t n&#7889;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; c&#225;c ngu&#7891;n kh&#225;c nhau m&#7897;t c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#224; nhanh ch&#243;ng, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i trong t&#7893; ch&#7913;c &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; th&#7875; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/giai-ma-silo-du-lieu/">truy c&#7853;p, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7845;t c&#7913; l&#250;c n&#224;o</a> m&#224; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; v&#432;&#7899;ng r&#224;o c&#7843;n ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n. Khi b&#7841;n cho ph&#233;p truy c&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224;o b&#7845;t k&#7923; c&#7845;p n&#224;o trong c&#244;ng ty c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; s&#7869; trao quy&#7873;n cho c&#225;c c&#225; nh&#226;n &#7903; t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c c&#7845;p quy&#7873;n s&#7903; h&#7919;u v&#224; tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m s&#7917; d&#7909;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a h&#7885;. H&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; xu&#7845;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7841;ng ch&#7919;, d&#7841;ng &#7843;nh, video, s&#7889; hay b&#7845;t c&#7913; &#273;&#7883;nh n&#224;o n&#224;o kh&#225;c, sau &#273;&#243; tri&#7875;n khai nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ngu&#7891;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#233;o (cross-database analysis &#8211; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch li&#234;n ph&#242;ng ban, li&#234;n chi nh&#225;nh,&#8230;) &#273;&#7875; xem x&#233;t hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; t&#7893;ng th&#7875; v&#224; thu &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng insights &#7903; t&#7847;m chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c l&#7899;n.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/dark-data-tiem-an-rui-ro-gi-cho-doanh-nghiep/">Dark data: R&#7911;i ro ti&#7873;m &#7849;n khi d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khai th&#225;c Doanh nghi&#7879;p n&#234;n l&#224;m g&#236; &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng n&#224;y?</a></p><p>Sau khi &#273;&#227; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng ngu&#7891;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u quan tr&#7885;ng, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n t&#7841;o ra d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y cho ch&#250;ng, k&#233;o ch&#250;ng v&#7873; m&#7897;t n&#417;i l&#432;u tr&#7919; &#273;&#7875; thu&#7853;n ti&#7879;n cho vi&#7879;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#224; t&#236;m ra insight. V&#224; c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; datapine s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n l&#224;m &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y. M&#7897;t &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; datapine s&#7869; n&#7889;i v&#7899;i ngu&#7891;n s&#7843;n sinh d&#7919; li&#7879;u, &#273;&#7847;u c&#242;n l&#7841;i n&#7889;i v&#7899;i n&#417;i l&#432;u tr&#7919; v&#224; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t d&#242;ng ch&#7843;y th&#244;ng tin t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng gi&#7919;a hai &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#243;. Nh&#7901; v&#7853;y, b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7845;t th&#7901;i gian thu th&#7853;p v&#224; nh&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7911; c&#244;ng, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng qu&#7929; th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7893; v&#7873;.</p><h4><strong>3/ L&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h4><p>Sau qu&#225; tr&#236;nh thu th&#7853;p v&#224; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; nhi&#7873;u ngu&#7891;n, b&#7841;n s&#7869; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/giai-quyet-data-overload-nhu-the-nao/">&#273;&#7913;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c m&#7897;t n&#250;i th&#244;ng tin kh&#7893;ng l&#7891; c&#7847;n x&#7917; l&#253;</a>. L&#250;c &#273;&#243;, s&#7921; sai s&#243;t trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u b&#7841;n g&#7863;p ph&#7843;i v&#224; ch&#250;ng d&#7877; khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n &#273;i l&#7879;ch h&#432;&#7899;ng trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch. V&#236; v&#7853;y, qu&#225; tr&#236;nh l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng k&#233;m ph&#7847;n quan tr&#7885;ng, l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7863;t n&#7873;n m&#243;ng &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o s&#7921; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#224; &#273;&#225;ng tin c&#7853;y c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng insight b&#7841;n &#273;&#250;c r&#250;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.&nbsp;</p><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; vi&#7879;c b&#7841;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; &#253; khi l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u:</p><ul><li><p>Lo&#7841;i b&#7887; nh&#7919;ng quan s&#225;t tr&#249;ng l&#7863;p (duplicate observations)</p></li><li><p>Th&#234;m nh&#7919;ng &#273;o&#7841;n m&#227; b&#7883; thi&#7871;u</p></li><li><p>Ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a tr&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7883; b&#7887; tr&#7889;ng</p></li><li><p>Xo&#225; nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;ang c&#243; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng sai</p></li><li><p>V&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7841;ng ch&#7919;: c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917;a &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh c&#225;c k&#253; t&#7921; kh&#244;ng h&#7907;p l&#7879; ho&#7863;c b&#7845;t k&#7923; l&#7895;i c&#250; ph&#225;p ho&#7863;c ch&#237;nh t&#7843; n&#224;o</p></li></ul><h4><strong>4/ B&#7887; qua nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#244; &#237;ch</strong></h4><p>Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;o c&#361;ng l&#224; v&#224;ng. Vi&#7879;c b&#225;m s&#225;t v&#224;o m&#7909;c ti&#234;u v&#224; kinh doanh v&#224; KPI chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c b&#7841;n &#273;&#7863;t ra ban &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7875; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; nh&#7919;ng v&#7847;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#432; th&#7915;a, kh&#244;ng quan tr&#7885;ng, s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n t&#7853;p trung t&#7889;i &#273;a v&#224;o ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; t&#236;m ra insight &#273;&#7855;t t&#7915; ph&#7847;n tinh g&#7885;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/cohort-analysis-la-gi/">D&#249;ng Cohort Analysis trong Google Analytics &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra insight nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</a></p><h4><strong>5/ Tr&#7921;c quan ho&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h4><p>M&#7897;t b&#7843;n t&#243;m t&#7855;t th&#244;ng tin tr&#7921;c quan gi&#250;p b&#7841;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#244; h&#236;nh v&#224; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7877; d&#224;ng h&#417;n so v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c xem c&#225;c b&#7843;ng t&#237;nh v&#7899;i h&#224;ng tr&#259;m c&#7897;t s&#7889; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau. V&#224; ngay c&#7843; khi m&#7897;t nh&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n nh&#7919;ng insight s&#226;u s&#7855;c t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng tr&#7921;c quan ho&#225;, h&#7885; s&#7869; g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n trong vi&#7879;c truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t &#253; ngh&#297;a cho kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p hi&#7875;u. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#224; &#273;&#7891; th&#7883; gi&#250;p truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7877; d&#224;ng h&#417;n.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/chon-bieu-do">Data visualization l&#224; g&#236;? T&#7841;i sao n&#243; quan tr&#7885;ng?</a></p><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; v&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; CMO Dashboard:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iS_5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33eba42e-5cfb-414e-87d8-2e1c1006888e_1024x772.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iS_5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33eba42e-5cfb-414e-87d8-2e1c1006888e_1024x772.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iS_5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33eba42e-5cfb-414e-87d8-2e1c1006888e_1024x772.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iS_5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33eba42e-5cfb-414e-87d8-2e1c1006888e_1024x772.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iS_5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33eba42e-5cfb-414e-87d8-2e1c1006888e_1024x772.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iS_5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33eba42e-5cfb-414e-87d8-2e1c1006888e_1024x772.jpeg" width="1024" height="772" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/33eba42e-5cfb-414e-87d8-2e1c1006888e_1024x772.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:772,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:135862,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iS_5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33eba42e-5cfb-414e-87d8-2e1c1006888e_1024x772.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iS_5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33eba42e-5cfb-414e-87d8-2e1c1006888e_1024x772.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iS_5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33eba42e-5cfb-414e-87d8-2e1c1006888e_1024x772.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iS_5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F33eba42e-5cfb-414e-87d8-2e1c1006888e_1024x772.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Dashboard n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; &#273;&#7875; c&#225;c gi&#225;m &#273;&#7889;c marketing n&#7855;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7913;c tranh t&#7893;ng quan v&#7873; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng, &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; xem h&#7885; &#273;&#227; ho&#224;n th&#224;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bao nhi&#234;u ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m m&#7909;c ti&#234;u trong th&#225;ng. C&#7909; th&#7875;, b&#7843;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o n&#224;y &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/mau-bao-cao-du-lieu-tai-chinh-doanh-nghiep-co-giai-thich-chi-tiet-cac-chi-so/">doanh thu, chi ph&#237;, thu nh&#7853;p r&#242;ng v&#224; thu nh&#7853;p</a> r&#242;ng tr&#234;n m&#7895;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng. C&#225;c s&#7889; li&#7879;u n&#224;y &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c so s&#225;nh v&#7899;i giai &#273;o&#7841;n tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; giao &#273;&#7897;ng. Th&#234;m v&#224;o &#273;&#243; l&#224; c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin kh&#244;ng k&#233;m ph&#7847;n quan tr&#7885;ng v&#7873; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng team sales (SQLs), <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/5-chi-so-anh-huong-den-loi-nhuan-ma-marketing-va-sales-nen-theo-doi/">kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng team marketing (MQLs)</a>, nh&#7857;m gi&#250;p c&#225;c nh&#224; qu&#7843;n l&#253; n&#7855;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7913;c tranh v&#7853;n h&#224;nh v&#224; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7893;ng quan. T&#7915; &#273;&#243;, h&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#7903; t&#7847;m chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c, &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh mang l&#7841;i l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n cho doanh nghi&#7879;p theo c&#7845;p s&#7889; nh&#226;n.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/dung-mai-quyet-dinh-bang-cam-tinh-hay-su-dung-he-thong-du-lieu-de-cai-thien-roi-trong-marketing/">&#272;&#7915;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7843;m t&#237;nh &#8211; H&#227;y s&#7917; d&#7909;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ROI trong marketing</a></p><h4><strong>6/ Di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h4><p>Sau khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; l&#250;c di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i k&#7871;t qu&#7843;. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch di&#7877;n &#273;&#7841;t vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a m&#236;nh b&#7857;ng t&#7915; ng&#7919; ho&#7863;c c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; b&#7843;ng, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;. Sau &#273;&#243; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t.</p><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; 3 &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n tr&#225;nh khi xem x&#233;t v&#224; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u:</p><ul><li><p><strong>T&#432;&#417;ng quan v&#224; nh&#226;n qu&#7843; (correlation and causation)</strong>: T&#432;&#417;ng quan kh&#244;ng &#273;i k&#232;m nh&#226;n qu&#7843; (Correlation does not imply causation). &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u r&#7857;ng, 2 s&#7921; vi&#7879;c x&#7843;y ra &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i (t&#432;&#417;ng quan) v&#7899;i nhau, kh&#244;ng c&#243; ngh&#297;a m&#7897;t c&#225;i l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a c&#225;i kia. Ch&#7857;ng h&#7841;n, A ph&#224;n n&#224;n: &#8220;C&#7913; khi n&#224;o t&#244;i nh&#7855;n tin th&#236; &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i l&#7841;i &#273;&#417;&#8221;. Khi nh&#236;n v&#224;o chi&#7871;c &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i, b&#7841;n th&#7845;y A &#273;ang m&#7903; 5 &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng tr&#242; ch&#417;i v&#224; c&#7843; 2 m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i c&#249;ng m&#7897;t l&#250;c. V&#7853;y l&#224;, &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i b&#7883; &#273;&#417; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i do vi&#7879;c nh&#7855;n tin, m&#224; l&#224; do thi&#7871;u RAM. Nh&#432;ng A l&#7841;i ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c ch&#7885;n h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#243; l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; khi&#7871;n &#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i d&#7915;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng. A &#273;&#227; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; nh&#226;n qu&#7843;, trong khi &#8216;nh&#7855;n tin&#8217; v&#224; &#8216;&#273;i&#7879;n tho&#7841;i b&#7883; gi&#7853;t&#8217; ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; t&#432;&#417;ng quan c&#249;ng x&#7843;y ra &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i. &#272;&#7875; tr&#225;nh s&#7921; nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n n&#224;y, &#273;&#7915;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng tr&#7921;c gi&#225;c khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, h&#227;y tin t&#432;&#7903;ng v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u. N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; b&#7857;ng ch&#7913;ng kh&#225;ch quan n&#224;o v&#7873; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; nh&#226;n qu&#7843;, th&#236; ch&#7881; n&#234;n &#273;&#7863;t c&#225;c s&#7921; vi&#7879;c v&#224;o m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; t&#432;&#417;ng quan m&#224; th&#244;i.</p></li><li><p><strong>Thi&#234;n ki&#7871;n x&#225;c nh&#7853;n (confirmation bias)</strong>: L&#224; hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng ch&#7881; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n v&#224; di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; cho 1 gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t, v&#224; l&#224;m ng&#417; nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin b&#225;c b&#7887; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t &#273;&#243;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; l&#224; m&#7897;t khuynh h&#432;&#7899;ng c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i &#432;a chu&#7897;ng nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin n&#224;o x&#225;c nh&#7853;n c&#225;c ni&#7873;m tin ho&#7863;c gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#7911;a ch&#237;nh h&#7885;. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y d&#7877; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n sai l&#7879;ch v&#224; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7891;i t&#7879; mang l&#7841;i h&#7853;u qu&#7843; cho doanh nghi&#7879;p. &#272;&#7875; ph&#242;ng tr&#225;nh thi&#234;n ki&#7871;n x&#225;c nh&#7853;n, h&#227;y c&#7889; g&#7855;ng b&#225;c b&#7887; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t thay v&#236; ch&#7881; m&#7843;i m&#234; t&#236;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u h&#7895; tr&#7907; cho n&#243;, v&#224; chia s&#7867; gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t n&#224;y t&#7899;i c&#225;c th&#224;nh vi&#234;n kh&#225;c trong nh&#243;m &#273;&#7875; c&#243; c&#225;i nh&#236;n kh&#225;ch quan, &#273;a di&#7879;n v&#224; nhi&#7873;u chi&#7873;u.</p></li><li><p><strong>K&#7871;t lu&#7853;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a th&#7889;ng k&#234; (Statistical Significance):</strong> &#221; ngh&#297;a th&#7889;ng k&#234; l&#224; m&#7897;t k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n cho r&#7857;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7915; ki&#7875;m &#273;&#7883;nh ho&#7863;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m kh&#244;ng x&#7843;y ra do ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n hay t&#236;nh c&#7901;, thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243; l&#224; do m&#7897;t nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n c&#7909; th&#7875;. Khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#7897;t t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t xem m&#7897;t ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n k&#7871;t qu&#7843; hay kh&#244;ng, &#253; ngh&#297;a th&#7889;ng k&#234; m&#7841;nh cho th&#7845;y k&#7871;t qu&#7843; l&#224; th&#7853;t v&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i do y&#7871;u t&#7889; ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n. N&#243;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, n&#7871;u m&#7897;t th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a cao th&#236; n&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; &#273;&#225;ng tin c&#7853;y h&#417;n. B&#7887; qua &#253; ngh&#297;a th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y ra sai l&#7847;m r&#7845;t l&#7899;n trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh.</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/metrics-va-tools-can-phai-biet-khi-lam-growth-hacker/">Metrics &amp; Tools m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;t khi l&#224;m Growth Hackers&nbsp;</a></p><h4><strong>7/ X&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h4><p>Data storytelling th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u l&#224; minh ho&#7841; d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, tuy nhi&#234;n, n&#243; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#7865;p, h&#7845;p d&#7851;n. Data storytelling l&#224; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-storytelling/">m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n c&#243; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c &#273;&#7875; truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t data insight</a>, n&#243; bao g&#7891;m s&#7921; k&#7871;t h&#7907;p c&#7911;a ba y&#7871;u t&#7889; ch&#237;nh: data, visuals, v&#224; narrative.</p><p>Khi narrative k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i data, n&#243; s&#7869; gi&#250;p gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch data &#273;ang n&#243;i g&#236;, &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; &#273;&#227; x&#7843;y ra v&#224; t&#7841;i sao insight n&#224;y quan tr&#7885;ng. M&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#243; b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh v&#224; c&#225;c b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n b&#7893; sung, s&#7869; gi&#250;p cho insight d&#7877; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;u h&#417;n. Khi visual k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i data, ch&#250;ng gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i xem &#8220;gi&#225;c ng&#7897;&#8221; nh&#7919;ng insight m&#7899;i, nh&#7919;ng insight m&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; n&#224;o th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; charts hay graphs. R&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u patterns v&#224; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p ngo&#7841;i l&#7879; th&#250; v&#7883; c&#7911;a data s&#7869; b&#7883; &#7849;n &#273;i trong c&#225;c h&#224;ng, c&#7897;t c&#7911;a b&#7843;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7921; tr&#7907; gi&#250;p c&#7911;a data visualization.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/doanh-nghiep-sme-xay-dung-he-thong-du-lieu-noi-bo-nhu-the-nao/">Doanh nghi&#7879;p SMEs x&#226;y d&#7921;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#7897;i b&#7897; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?- Ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n anh Qu&#7889;c Th&#7855;ng, Data Service Manager t&#7841;i Base.vn</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t nh&#7919;ng tin t&#7913;c m&#7899;i nh&#7845;t v&#7873; Data nh&#233;!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>C&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h2><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; lo&#7841;i k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7921;a tr&#234;n kinh doanh v&#224; c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;. C&#225;c lo&#7841;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#237;nh l&#224;:</p><ul><li><p>Text Analysis: Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#259;n b&#7843;n</p></li><li><p>Statistical Analysis: ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#7889;ng k&#234;</p></li><li><p>Diagnostic Analysis: ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n</p></li><li><p>Predictive Analysis: ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n</p></li><li><p>Prescriptive Analysis: ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t</p></li></ul><p><strong>Text Analysis (Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#259;n b&#7843;n)</strong></p><p>Text Analysis l&#224; m&#7897;t nh&#225;nh c&#7911;a Data mining nh&#7857;m t&#236;m ki&#7871;m v&#224; tr&#237;ch xu&#7845;t th&#244;ng tin n&#7857;m trong v&#259;n b&#7843;n. N&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#244; th&#224;nh th&#244;ng tin kinh doanh. C&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; Business Intelligence c&#243; m&#7863;t tr&#234;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c. Nh&#236;n chung, n&#243; cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; tr&#237;ch xu&#7845;t v&#224; ki&#7875;m tra d&#7919; li&#7879;u, b&#7855;t ngu&#7891;n t&#7915; m&#7897;t m&#7851;u v&#224; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng l&#224; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Hi&#7879;n nay, v&#7899;i s&#7921; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng nhanh ch&#243;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#259;n b&#7843;n, text analysis ng&#224;y c&#224;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng trong th&#7921;c t&#7871;, nh&#432; l&#7885;c th&#432; r&#225;c, &#273;&#7889;i chi&#7871;u l&#253; l&#7883;ch c&#225; nh&#226;n, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#7843;m ngh&#297;, ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i t&#224;i li&#7879;u.</p><p><strong>Statistical Analysis (Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#7889;ng k&#234;)</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNeD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14be4419-8ba2-4532-a3e3-276171ed633d_768x321.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNeD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14be4419-8ba2-4532-a3e3-276171ed633d_768x321.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNeD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14be4419-8ba2-4532-a3e3-276171ed633d_768x321.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNeD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14be4419-8ba2-4532-a3e3-276171ed633d_768x321.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNeD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14be4419-8ba2-4532-a3e3-276171ed633d_768x321.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNeD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14be4419-8ba2-4532-a3e3-276171ed633d_768x321.png" width="768" height="321" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/14be4419-8ba2-4532-a3e3-276171ed633d_768x321.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:321,&quot;width&quot;:768,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:243220,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNeD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14be4419-8ba2-4532-a3e3-276171ed633d_768x321.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNeD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14be4419-8ba2-4532-a3e3-276171ed633d_768x321.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNeD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14be4419-8ba2-4532-a3e3-276171ed633d_768x321.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rNeD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14be4419-8ba2-4532-a3e3-276171ed633d_768x321.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#7889;ng k&#234; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n &#8220;&#272;i&#7873;u g&#236; x&#7843;y ra?&#8221; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913; d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng dashboards. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#7889;ng k&#234; bao g&#7891;m thu th&#7853;p, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch, tr&#236;nh b&#224;y v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u. N&#243; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#7897;t t&#7853;p h&#7907;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t m&#7851;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u. C&#243; hai lo&#7841;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#8211; Descriptive Analysis (ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#244; t&#7843;) v&#224; Inferential Analysis (ph&#226;n t&#237;ch suy lu&#7853;n).</p><ul><li><p>Descriptive Analysis (ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#244; t&#7843;): ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t m&#7851;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7889; &#273;&#227; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p. N&#243; cho th&#7845;y gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh v&#224; &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch cho d&#7919; li&#7879;u li&#234;n t&#7909;c ho&#7863;c t&#7927; l&#7879; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m v&#224; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t cho d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i.</p></li><li><p><a href="http://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=bottom_banner&amp;utm_campaign=data&amp;utm_content=data-analysis-la-gi-va-ung-dung-trong-kinh-doanh-nhu-the-nao">Inferential Analysis (ph&#226;n t&#237;ch suy lu&#7853;n): ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#7851;u t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh. Trong lo&#7841;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#236;m th&#7845;y c&#225;c k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n kh&#225;c nhau t&#7915; c&#249;ng m&#7897;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#7871;u ch&#7885;n c&#225;c m&#7851;u kh&#225;c nhau.</a></p></li></ul><p><strong>Diagnostic Analysis (Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n)</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!23wy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F824f2cb2-d969-4af8-ad65-2ac1234dfa5e_1024x438.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!23wy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F824f2cb2-d969-4af8-ad65-2ac1234dfa5e_1024x438.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!23wy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F824f2cb2-d969-4af8-ad65-2ac1234dfa5e_1024x438.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!23wy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F824f2cb2-d969-4af8-ad65-2ac1234dfa5e_1024x438.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!23wy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F824f2cb2-d969-4af8-ad65-2ac1234dfa5e_1024x438.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!23wy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F824f2cb2-d969-4af8-ad65-2ac1234dfa5e_1024x438.png" width="1024" height="438" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/824f2cb2-d969-4af8-ad65-2ac1234dfa5e_1024x438.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:438,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:297597,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!23wy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F824f2cb2-d969-4af8-ad65-2ac1234dfa5e_1024x438.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!23wy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F824f2cb2-d969-4af8-ad65-2ac1234dfa5e_1024x438.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!23wy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F824f2cb2-d969-4af8-ad65-2ac1234dfa5e_1024x438.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!23wy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F824f2cb2-d969-4af8-ad65-2ac1234dfa5e_1024x438.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n th&#7875; hi&#7879;n &#8220;T&#7841;i sao n&#243; x&#7843;y ra?&#8221; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch t&#236;m ra nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n t&#7915; insight (nh&#7919;ng g&#236; &#273;ang di&#7877;n ra) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#236;m th&#7845;y trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#7889;ng k&#234;. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y r&#7845;t h&#7919;u &#237;ch &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#244; h&#236;nh d&#7919; li&#7879;u h&#224;nh vi. N&#7871;u m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; m&#7899;i xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong quy tr&#236;nh kinh doanh c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; xem x&#233;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; c&#7911;a v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; &#273;&#243;. T&#7915; &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; cho m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; m&#7899;i.</p><p><strong>Predictive Analysis (Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n)</strong></p><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n th&#7875; hi&#7879;n &#8220;nh&#7919;ng g&#236; c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng x&#7843;y ra&#8221; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;. V&#237; d&#7909; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#7845;t l&#224; n&#7871;u n&#259;m ngo&#225;i b&#7841;n mua hai chi&#7871;c v&#225;y d&#7921;a tr&#234;n kho&#7843;n ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m c&#7911;a m&#236;nh v&#224; n&#259;m nay l&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a b&#7841;n t&#259;ng g&#7845;p &#273;&#244;i th&#236; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; mua b&#7889;n chi&#7871;c v&#225;y. Nh&#432;ng t&#7845;t nhi&#234;n kh&#244;ng d&#7877; nh&#432; th&#7871; v&#236; b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i suy ngh&#297; v&#7873; c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p c&#243; th&#7875; x&#7843;y ra nh&#432; gi&#225; qu&#7847;n &#225;o t&#259;ng trong n&#259;m nay ho&#7863;c c&#243; th&#7875; thay v&#236; v&#225;y b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n mua xe &#273;&#7841;p m&#7899;i, ho&#7863;c b&#7841;n c&#7847;n mua nh&#224;. V&#236; v&#7853;y, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y &#273;&#432;a ra d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n v&#7873; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i ho&#7863;c qu&#225; kh&#7913;. D&#7921; b&#225;o ch&#7881; l&#224; m&#7897;t &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh. &#272;&#7897; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c c&#7911;a n&#243; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng th&#244;ng tin chi ti&#7871;t b&#7841;n c&#243; v&#224; nh&#7919;ng g&#236; b&#7841;n kh&#225;m ph&#225; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong &#273;&#243;.</p><p><strong>Prescriptive Analysis (Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t)</strong></p><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t k&#7871;t h&#7907;p nh&#7919;ng g&#236; di&#7877;n ra t&#7915; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng n&#224;o c&#7847;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n trong m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; ho&#7863;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i. H&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty &#273;ang s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t v&#236; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n v&#224; m&#244; t&#7843; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u. D&#7921;a tr&#234;n c&#225;c t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng v&#224; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i, h&#7885; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-khong-phai-dac-quyen-cua-cac-cong-ty-cong-nghe/">Data kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7863;c quy&#7873;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;</a></p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis-la-gi?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis-la-gi?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis-la-gi?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h2><p>V&#7899;i c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p v&#224; quy tr&#236;nh nh&#432; tr&#234;n, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng x&#226;y d&#7921;ng h&#7879; th&#7889;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u cho doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, h&#7879; th&#7889;ng n&#224;y s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u th&#7901;i gian trong vi&#7879;c thu th&#7853;p, t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p v&#224; x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u. &#272;i&#7873;u b&#7841;n c&#7847;n l&#224;m l&#224; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#245; b&#224;i to&#225;n c&#7847;n tr&#7843; l&#7901;i, c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7847;n theo d&#245;i, hi&#7875;u logic n&#7897;i t&#7841;i c&#7911;a c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#273;&#7875; t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, v&#224; l&#224;m sao &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng insight &#273;&#250;c k&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. T&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;&#7873;u n&#7857;m &#7903; t&#432; duy khai th&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong v&#7853;n h&#224;nh doanh nghi&#7879;p.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n c&#243; m&#7897;t t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7919;ng ch&#7855;c, lu&#244;n bi&#7871;t t&#7915;ng b&#432;&#7899;c m&#236;nh c&#7847;n l&#224;m g&#236; khi &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;. N&#7871;u ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch trang b&#7883; t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o, tham kh&#7843;o ngay <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=data_analysis&amp;utm_content=data-analysis-la-gi">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c </a><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=eda">Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics</a><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=data_analysis&amp;utm_content=data-analysis-la-gi"> c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers</a> nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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nghi&#7879;p.]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/15-cau-hoi-tim-ra-huong-phan-tich</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/15-cau-hoi-tim-ra-huong-phan-tich</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 15 Nov 2024 03:01:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ij-Z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2243cdf8-c277-4d42-a78e-fe10f6197145_2048x1294.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ij-Z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2243cdf8-c277-4d42-a78e-fe10f6197145_2048x1294.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i digital ng&#224;y c&#224;ng ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7863;t ra c&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch nh&#7857;m khai th&#225;c t&#7889;i &#273;a ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t cho s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#224; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p.&nbsp;</p><h2><strong>D&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#7881; h&#7919;u &#237;ch khi c&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch b&#7841;n &#273;&#7863;t ra &#273;&#7911; t&#7889;t.&nbsp;</strong></h2><p>C&#226;u h&#7887;i c&#224;ng c&#7909; th&#7875;, c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#224;ng c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n.&nbsp;</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, v&#7899;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#8220;L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng doanh thu?&#8221;, c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i b&#7841;n nh&#7853;n l&#7841;i s&#7869; ch&#7881; l&#224; c&#225;c chi&#7871;n thu&#7853;t chung chung nh&#432;: &#8220;h&#7907;p t&#225;c v&#7899;i influencer, thi&#7871;t k&#7871; c&#225;c chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch &#432;u &#273;&#227;i gi&#7843;m gi&#225;, b&#7893; sung c&#225;c d&#7883;ch v&#7909; ch&#259;m s&#243;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng&#8221;... - nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i n&#224;y h&#7859;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kinh doanh.&nbsp;</p><p>Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, h&#227;y h&#7887;i &#8220;Ch&#250;ng ta c&#7847;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o k&#234;nh n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng doanh thu trong khi v&#7851;n gi&#7919; nguy&#234;n chi ph&#237; nh&#7857;m c&#243; bi&#234;n l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n l&#7899;n h&#417;n?&#8221;. Ho&#7863;c h&#227;y h&#7887;i &#8220;Chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch marketing n&#224;o trong qu&#253; n&#224;y c&#243; ROI cao nh&#7845;t, v&#224; l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; m&#7897;t l&#7847;n n&#7919;a &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#224;nh c&#244;ng n&#224;y?&#8221;.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/du-lieu-kem-chat-luong/">Nh&#7919;ng l&#7895;i nh&#7887; n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7875; &#253; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7851;n t&#7899;i sai s&#243;t l&#7899;n khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a></p><p>Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y, c&#249;ng Insight Ouch! t&#236;m hi&#7875;u 15 v&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; c&#226;u h&#7887;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra h&#432;&#7899;ng ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; nh&#233;!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>1) T&#244;i mu&#7889;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u c&#7909; th&#7875; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;?</strong></h2><p>&#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kinh doanh c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty, chu&#7849;n b&#7883; nh&#7919;ng pain points m&#224; b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u.&nbsp;</p><p>T&#236;m ra &#273;&#226;u l&#224; KPI li&#234;n quan nh&#7845;t v&#7899;i doanh nghi&#7879;p v&#224; nh&#7919;ng KPI &#273;&#243; &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o. Nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u c&#225;c v&#237; d&#7909; KPI kh&#225;c nhau c&#7911;a c&#225;c doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#249;ng l&#297;nh v&#7921;c v&#224; so s&#225;nh v&#7899;i KPI c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p b&#7841;n. B&#7841;n s&#7869; mu&#7889;n c&#225;c KPI n&#224;y ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n nh&#432; n&#224;o? B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n n&#224;y kh&#244;ng, b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch n&#224;o? N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i, s&#7869; ch&#7859;ng &#237;ch g&#236; khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#236;m th&#7845;y c&#417; h&#7897;i &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng KPI &#273;&#243; v&#224; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; kinh doanh, th&#236; vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7847;u t&#432; cho ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; &#273;&#225;ng gi&#225;.</p><p>Ti&#7871;p theo, h&#227;y xem x&#233;t m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; g&#236; v&#224; vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; gi&#250;p g&#236; cho vi&#7879;c ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; n&#224;o t&#7915; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a l&#224; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng?&nbsp;</p><p>B&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;p theo l&#224; xem x&#233;t m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; g&#236; v&#224; n&#243; s&#7869; t&#7841;o thu&#7853;n l&#7907;i cho vi&#7879;c ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o. K&#7871;t qu&#7843; n&#224;o t&#7915; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#224; b&#7841;n cho l&#224; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng?&nbsp;</p><h2><strong>2) &#272;&#226;u l&#224; KPI quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7847;n quan t&#226;m?</strong></h2><p>BI (<a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/business-intelligence-la-gi/">business intelligence</a>) gi&#250;p doanh nghi&#7879;p nh&#236;n th&#7845;y b&#7913;c tranh kinh doanh th&#7921;c t&#7871;, &#273;&#7875; CEO c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#243; l&#7907;i cho c&#244;ng ty ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n.&nbsp;</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7863;t ra c&#226;u h&#7887;i : &#8220;<a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/ban-da-thuc-su-hieu-ro-ve-pay-per-click-ppc/">Chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch PPC</a> n&#224;o trong qu&#253; tr&#432;&#7899;c c&#243; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t?&#8221;. Nh&#432;ng nh&#432; n&#224;o l&#224; &#8220;c&#243; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t&#8221;? T&#7841;o ra doanh thu cao nh&#7845;t? Mang l&#7841;i l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n cao nh&#7845;t? Hay &#273;&#7841;t m&#7913;c ROI t&#7889;i &#432;u nh&#7845;t?&nbsp;</p><p>T&#7845;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng metrics tr&#234;n &#273;&#7873;u h&#7907;p l&#253;, v&#224; b&#7841;n c&#7847;n ch&#7885;n ra &#273;&#226;u l&#224; metric c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh KPI c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p, d&#7921;a theo m&#7909;c ti&#234;u kinh doanh chung.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/kpi-va-metric-2-khai-niem-cac-doanh-nghiep-can-phan-biet/">KPI v&#224; Metric - 2 kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m c&#225;c doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t</a></p><p>H&#227;y xem &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y th&#244;ng qua m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!h3Xa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feff3ee42-3931-4f52-8cd3-f884563ef6a8_582x522.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!h3Xa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feff3ee42-3931-4f52-8cd3-f884563ef6a8_582x522.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!h3Xa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feff3ee42-3931-4f52-8cd3-f884563ef6a8_582x522.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!h3Xa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feff3ee42-3931-4f52-8cd3-f884563ef6a8_582x522.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!h3Xa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feff3ee42-3931-4f52-8cd3-f884563ef6a8_582x522.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!h3Xa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feff3ee42-3931-4f52-8cd3-f884563ef6a8_582x522.png" width="582" height="522" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eff3ee42-3931-4f52-8cd3-f884563ef6a8_582x522.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:522,&quot;width&quot;:582,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!h3Xa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feff3ee42-3931-4f52-8cd3-f884563ef6a8_582x522.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!h3Xa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feff3ee42-3931-4f52-8cd3-f884563ef6a8_582x522.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!h3Xa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feff3ee42-3931-4f52-8cd3-f884563ef6a8_582x522.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!h3Xa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feff3ee42-3931-4f52-8cd3-f884563ef6a8_582x522.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Gi&#7843; s&#7917;, c&#244;ng ty b&#7841;n ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng trong l&#297;nh v&#7921;c b&#225;n l&#7867;, v&#224; c&#244;ng ty s&#7869; mu&#7889;n bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh n&#234;n b&#225;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/d&#7883;ch v&#7909; g&#236;, &#7903; &#273;&#226;u, khi n&#224;o? Nh&#236;n v&#224;o dashboard tr&#234;n, xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#259;ng gi&#7843;m c&#7911;a kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng h&#224;ng b&#225;n (volume sales) s&#7869; ph&#7843;n &#225;nh nhu c&#7847;u v&#7873; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m - nh&#432; v&#7853;y b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i ban &#273;&#7847;u v&#7899;i c&#225;c KPI c&#7909; th&#7875;. Sau &#273;&#243;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u h&#417;n c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u chi ti&#7871;t v&#224; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c c&#417; h&#7897;i b&#225;n h&#224;ng b&#7893; sung, v&#224; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c khu v&#7921;c c&#243; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kinh doanh k&#233;m g&#226;y &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7899;i doanh s&#7889; b&#225;n chung.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/dashboard-la-gi/">Dashboard l&#224; g&#236;? Dashboard &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; g&#236; trong "c&#225;ch m&#7841;ng chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i s&#7889;" c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p?</a></p><h2><strong>3) D&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; t&#7899;i t&#7915; ngu&#7891;n n&#224;o?</strong></h2><p>Ti&#7871;p theo, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ngu&#7891;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7847;n c&#243; &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch. D&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7841;n c&#7847;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7899;i t&#7915; b&#7845;t c&#7913; ngu&#7891;n n&#224;o &#8211; ngu&#7891;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7913; c&#7845;p t&#7915; n&#7897;i b&#7897;, v&#237; d&#7909; t&#7915; c&#225;c b&#7897; ph&#7853;n trong c&#244;ng ty (b&#7897; ph&#7853;n Sales, t&#224;i ch&#237;nh, c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;,...), c&#225;c k&#234;nh digital nh&#432; Facebook v&#224; Google Analytics, t&#7915; c&#225;c b&#225;o c&#225;o th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng; ho&#7863;c t&#7915; ngu&#7891;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#417; c&#7845;p t&#7915; c&#225;c kh&#7843;o s&#225;t, ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n,...</p><p>&#272;&#7875; c&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7861;n s&#224;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n c&#243; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#7889;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u, k&#7871;t n&#7889;i ngu&#7891;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; m&#7897;t nh&#224; kho d&#7919; li&#7879;u duy nh&#7845;t. S&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m k&#7871;t n&#7889;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; nhi&#7873;u ngu&#7891;n kh&#225;c nhau ch&#7881; v&#7899;i v&#224;i thao t&#225;c &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n. Nh&#7901; c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; n&#224;y, m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i trong doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n v&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kinh doanh.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-democratization-la-gi/">Data democratization l&#224; g&#236;? L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; d&#226;n ch&#7911; h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u?</a></p><h3><em><strong>3.5) Lo&#7841;i thang &#273;o (level of measurement) c&#7911;a c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; g&#236;?</strong></em></h3><p>L&#432;u &#253;: &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a &#8220;ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u&#8221; . B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7887; qua ph&#7847;n n&#224;y n&#7871;u n&#243; kh&#244;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u &#253; ngh&#297;a &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i b&#7841;n.</p><p>C&#225;c lo&#7841;i thang &#273;o c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n s&#7889; kh&#225;c nhau s&#7869; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#243; th&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng. V&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n, c&#243; 4 lo&#7841;i thang &#273;o:&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IrS9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a9eb40f-fa40-425a-9cf0-6f0c2490cbd1_439x247.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IrS9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a9eb40f-fa40-425a-9cf0-6f0c2490cbd1_439x247.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IrS9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a9eb40f-fa40-425a-9cf0-6f0c2490cbd1_439x247.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IrS9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a9eb40f-fa40-425a-9cf0-6f0c2490cbd1_439x247.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IrS9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a9eb40f-fa40-425a-9cf0-6f0c2490cbd1_439x247.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IrS9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a9eb40f-fa40-425a-9cf0-6f0c2490cbd1_439x247.png" width="439" height="247" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9a9eb40f-fa40-425a-9cf0-6f0c2490cbd1_439x247.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:247,&quot;width&quot;:439,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IrS9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a9eb40f-fa40-425a-9cf0-6f0c2490cbd1_439x247.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IrS9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a9eb40f-fa40-425a-9cf0-6f0c2490cbd1_439x247.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IrS9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a9eb40f-fa40-425a-9cf0-6f0c2490cbd1_439x247.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IrS9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a9eb40f-fa40-425a-9cf0-6f0c2490cbd1_439x247.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em><strong>Thang &#273;o &#273;&#7883;nh danh (Nominal)</strong></em> &#8211; thang &#273;o n&#224;y s&#7855;p x&#7871;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo c&#225;c danh m&#7909;c kh&#244;ng th&#7875; x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng ho&#7863;c so s&#225;nh m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng. V&#237; d&#7909;: C&#225;c m&#224;u &#225;o kh&#225;c nhau, c&#225;c lo&#7841;i tr&#225;i c&#226;y kh&#225;c nhau, c&#225;c th&#7875; lo&#7841;i &#226;m nh&#7841;c kh&#225;c nhau,...</p><p><em><strong>Thang &#273;o &#273;&#7883;nh h&#7841;ng ho&#7863;c th&#7913; b&#7853;c (Ordinal)</strong></em><strong> </strong>&#8211; trong thang &#273;o &#273;&#7883;nh h&#7841;ng, t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c quan s&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#225;n cho m&#7897;t trong c&#225;c ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i. Sau &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p th&#7913; t&#7921; theo m&#7897;t &#273;&#7863;c t&#237;nh c&#7909; th&#7875;.<em> </em>V&#237; d&#7909;, m&#7897;t b&#7879;nh nh&#226;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#224;y t&#7887; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; &#273;au &#273;&#7899;n theo c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n tr&#234;n thang &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7915; 1 &#273;&#7871;n 10. &#272;i&#7875;m 7 c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; h&#7885; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y &#273;au h&#417;n &#273;i&#7875;m 5, v&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m 5 c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; h&#7885; c&#7843;m th&#7845;y &#273;au h&#417;n &#273;i&#7875;m 3. Nh&#432;ng s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a &#273;i&#7875;m 7 v&#224; 5 c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; gi&#7919;a 5 v&#224; 3. C&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ch&#7881; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; m&#7897;t th&#7913; t&#7921;. M&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; kh&#225;c l&#224; x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng phim, t&#7915; 0 &#273;&#7871;n 5 sao.</p><p><em><strong>Thang &#273;o &#273;&#7883;nh kho&#7843;ng (Interval)</strong></em> &#8211; trong lo&#7841;i thang &#273;o n&#224;y, d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#243;m th&#224;nh c&#225;c danh m&#7909;c c&#243; th&#7913; t&#7921; v&#224; c&#243; kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch b&#7857;ng nhau gi&#7919;a c&#225;c danh m&#7909;c n&#224;y. V&#236; v&#7853;y b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; so s&#225;nh tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p, c&#7897;ng v&#224; tr&#7915; (nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; nh&#226;n ho&#7863;c chia c&#225;c bi&#7871;n). V&#237; d&#7909;: X&#7871;p h&#7841;ng nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897;. Thang &#273;o &#273;&#7883;nh kho&#7843;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho c&#7843; &#273;&#7897; F v&#224; &#273;&#7897; C. S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897; 100 &#273;&#7897; v&#224; 90 &#273;&#7897; c&#361;ng gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a 90 &#273;&#7897; v&#224; 80 &#273;&#7897;.</p><p><em><strong>Thang &#273;o t&#7927; l&#7879; (Ratio)</strong> </em>&#8211;&nbsp; thang &#273;o t&#7927; l&#7879; cung c&#7845;p c&#361;ng chia d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh c&#225;c nh&#243;m, c&#225;c nh&#243;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p theo thang th&#7913; t&#7921; v&#224; kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m b&#7857;ng nhau, mang c&#249;ng m&#7897;t &#253; ngh&#297;a v&#224; c&#243; &#273;i&#7875;m g&#7889;c 0 th&#7921;c s&#7921;. V&#7899;i thang t&#7927; l&#7879;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c ph&#233;p to&#225;n nh&#432; c&#7897;ng, tr&#7915;, chia, nh&#226;n, t&#236;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh,... V&#237; d&#7909;: chi&#7873;u cao, c&#226;n n&#7863;ng, s&#7889; doanh thu, s&#7889; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng, s&#7889; l&#7847;n g&#7863;p m&#7863;t v&#7899;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><h2><strong>4) L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u?</strong></h2><p>Ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7899;i ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng Insight v&#224; c&#225;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch r&#250;t ra. &#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do t&#7841;i sao b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;p theo c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; "l&#224;m s&#7841;ch" b&#7897; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; th&#244;ng tin sai ho&#7863;c l&#7895;i th&#7901;i. &#272;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m th&#237;ch h&#7907;p &#273;&#7875; th&#234;m nhi&#7873;u tr&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m cho n&#243; &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; v&#224; h&#7919;u &#237;ch h&#417;n.&nbsp;</p><p>M&#7897;t cu&#7897;c kh&#7843;o s&#225;t c&#7911;a CrowdFlower - nh&#224; cung c&#7845;p/n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u - &#273;&#227; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra r&#7857;ng h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c data scientists d&#224;nh ra:</p><ul><li><p>60% th&#7901;i gian cho vi&#7879;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p v&#224; d&#7885;n d&#7865;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u (!).</p></li><li><p>19% th&#7901;i gian cho vi&#7879;c thu th&#7853;p c&#225;c b&#7897; d&#7919; li&#7879;u.&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>9% th&#7901;i gian cho vi&#7879;c khai th&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; v&#7869; c&#225;c patterns.&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>3% th&#7901;i gian cho vi&#7879;c &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o c&#225;c b&#7897; d&#7919; li&#7879;u.&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>4% th&#7901;i gian cho vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh c&#225;c thu&#7853;t to&#225;n.&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>5% th&#7901;i gian cho c&#225;c nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; kh&#225;c.</p></li></ul><p>57% trong s&#7889; h&#7885; coi qu&#225; tr&#236;nh l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; nh&#224;m ch&#225;n v&#224; k&#233;m th&#250; v&#7883; nh&#7845;t. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#224; ch&#7911; doanh nghi&#7879;p nh&#7887;, c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n m&#7897;t data scientist, nh&#432;ng b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n th&#244;ng tin ph&#249; h&#7907;p. Sau khi &#273;&#227; ho&#224;n th&#224;nh c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#225;c dataset ch&#237;nh x&#225;c c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i, k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#224; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7857;ng c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p th&#7889;ng k&#234;.</p><p>D&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; &#8220;s&#7841;ch&#8221; khi &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o 7 y&#7871;u t&#7889; sau:&nbsp;</p><ul><li><p>Timeliness - T&#237;nh k&#7883;p th&#7901;i&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>Completeness - T&#237;nh &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>Consistency - T&#237;nh nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>Relevance - M&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; li&#234;n quan&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>Transparency - T&#237;nh minh b&#7841;ch&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>Accuracy - &#272;&#7897; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>Representation - T&#237;nh &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/chon-du-lieu-chat-luong-nhu-the-nao/">Ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u: Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i data n&#224;o c&#361;ng l&#224; v&#224;ng, marketers ph&#7843;i "&#273;&#224;o" sao cho &#273;&#250;ng?</a></p><h2><strong>5) Doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#7889;ng k&#234; n&#224;o?</strong></h2><p>C&#243; h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#7889;ng k&#234;, trong &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t th&#7889;ng k&#234; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kinh doanh:</p><p><em><strong>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#7891;i quy (Regression Analysis)</strong></em><strong> </strong>&#8211; xem x&#233;t m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; t&#432;&#417;ng quan gi&#7919;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n.</p><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#7891;i quy gi&#250;p b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c thay &#273;&#7893;i nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o khi m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p thay &#273;&#7893;i, trong khi c&#225;c bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p kh&#225;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7919; c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh.&nbsp;</p><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#7891;i quy ch&#7881; ra bi&#7871;n n&#224;o trong s&#7889; c&#225;c bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p c&#243; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n bi&#7871;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224; kh&#225;m ph&#225; c&#225;c d&#7841;ng c&#7911;a m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; n&#224;y. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#7891;i quy d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7889;t h&#417;n v&#7873; t&#432;&#417;ng lai.</p><p><em><strong>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch theo nh&#243;m (Cohort Analysis)</strong></em><strong> </strong>&#8211; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch so s&#225;nh h&#224;nh vi c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m ho&#7863;c nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng kh&#225;c nhau theo th&#7901;i gian.&nbsp;'</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; g&#7897;p m&#7897;t nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ng&#224;y th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n giao d&#7883;ch mua &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, sau &#273;&#243; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u xu h&#432;&#7899;ng chi ti&#234;u c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng theo c&#225;c nh&#243;m th&#7901;i gian kh&#225;c nhau &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh xem ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trung b&#236;nh c&#243; &#273;ang t&#259;ng hay gi&#7843;m theo th&#7901;i gian.&nbsp;</p><p><em><strong>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7921; b&#225;o &amp; &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t (Predictive &amp; Prescriptive Analysis)</strong> </em>&#8211; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y d&#7921;a tr&#234;n vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#225;c b&#7897; d&#7919; li&#7879;u hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i v&#224; l&#7883;ch s&#7917; &#273;&#7875; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n c&#225;c kh&#7843; n&#259;ng trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai, bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c k&#7883;ch b&#7843;n thay th&#7871; v&#224; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; r&#7911;i ro.</p><p><em><strong>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch k&#7871;t h&#7907;p (Conjoint analysis)</strong></em><strong> </strong>- k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng, nh&#7857;m hi&#7875;u c&#225;ch kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; c&#225;c th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n ho&#7863;c t&#237;nh n&#259;ng kh&#225;c nhau c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/d&#7883;ch v&#7909;.</p><p>K&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y s&#7869; cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin chi ti&#7871;t c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; xem &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7843;m nh&#7853;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/d&#7883;ch v&#7909; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c c&#7843;i ti&#7871;n c&#243; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u nh&#7857;m mang l&#7841;i l&#7907;i th&#7871; c&#7841;nh tranh.</p><p><em><strong>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#7909;m (Cluster analysis) </strong></em><strong>- </strong>k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y nh&#243;m m&#7897;t t&#7853;p h&#7907;p c&#225;c &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng ho&#7863;c b&#7897; d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh c&#225;c nh&#243;m (&#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; c&#7909;m) d&#7921;a tr&#234;n c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883;, thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh ho&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7891;ng.&nbsp;</p><p>K&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng khi l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i c&#225;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng ho&#7863;c c&#7889; g&#7855;ng x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng ho&#7863;c pattern c&#7909; th&#7875;.&nbsp;</p><p>Vi&#7879;c l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;o s&#7869; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; thu th&#7853;p, k&#7929; n&#259;ng c&#7911;a nh&#226;n s&#7921; v&#224; t&#224;i nguy&#234;n c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o khi c&#243; nh&#7919;ng ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c m&#7899;i nh&#7845;t v&#7873; Data!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>6) Quy tr&#236;nh ETL n&#224;o c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n?</strong></h2><p><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/elt-la-gi/">ETL l&#224; vi&#7871;t t&#7855;t c&#7911;a Extract-Transform-Load</a>, c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; tr&#237;ch xu&#7845;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; ngu&#7891;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u g&#7889;c, chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i n&#243; th&#224;nh d&#7841;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#249; h&#7907;p, &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o &#273;&#250;ng ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n y&#234;u c&#7847;u &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;p v&#224;o c&#417; s&#7903; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#244;ng ty.&nbsp;</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; ETL n&#224;y cung c&#7845;p gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#236; b&#7897; ph&#7853;n c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; ho&#7863;c data scientist kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i tr&#237;ch xu&#7845;t th&#244;ng tin theo c&#225;ch th&#7911; c&#244;ng t&#7915; nhi&#7873;u ngu&#7891;n kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>N&#7871;u c&#243; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7899;n, doanh nghi&#7879;p n&#234;n thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p ETL th&#7853;t t&#7889;t &#273;&#7875; t&#7845;t c&#7843; th&#244;ng tin m&#224; doanh nghi&#7879;p mu&#7889;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng lu&#244;n s&#7861;n s&#224;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9pSp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e13138f-da96-4851-b97d-ad84ccb5c39e_520x343.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9pSp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e13138f-da96-4851-b97d-ad84ccb5c39e_520x343.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9pSp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e13138f-da96-4851-b97d-ad84ccb5c39e_520x343.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9pSp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e13138f-da96-4851-b97d-ad84ccb5c39e_520x343.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9pSp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e13138f-da96-4851-b97d-ad84ccb5c39e_520x343.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9pSp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e13138f-da96-4851-b97d-ad84ccb5c39e_520x343.png" width="520" height="343" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9pSp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e13138f-da96-4851-b97d-ad84ccb5c39e_520x343.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9pSp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e13138f-da96-4851-b97d-ad84ccb5c39e_520x343.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9pSp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e13138f-da96-4851-b97d-ad84ccb5c39e_520x343.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>7) Ai l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cu&#7889;i c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch?</strong></h2><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng cu&#7889;i trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch l&#224; ai? H&#7885; s&#7869; &#225;p d&#7909;ng c&#225;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch nh&#432; n&#224;o? H&#7885; mong &#273;&#7907;i g&#236; t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u? Nhu c&#7847;u c&#7911;a h&#7885; l&#224; g&#236;? K&#7929; n&#259;ng chuy&#234;n m&#244;n v&#224; c&#225;c hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t v&#7873; d&#7919; li&#7879;u/c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; c&#7911;a h&#7885; &#7903; m&#7913;c n&#224;o? H&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#224;nh bao nhi&#234;u th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u? H&#7885; l&#224; nh&#226;n vi&#234;n c&#7845;p d&#432;&#7899;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch cho c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c hay l&#224; c&#7845;p qu&#7843;n l&#253; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch cho c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh?&nbsp;</p><p>Bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; chi ti&#7871;t c&#7911;a b&#225;o c&#225;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; b&#7841;n n&#234;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;o.&nbsp;</p><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng n&#7897;i b&#7897; v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng b&#234;n ngo&#224;i c&#243; nhu c&#7847;u &#273;a d&#7841;ng: n&#7871;u c&#225;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong n&#7897;i b&#7897; c&#244;ng ty, &#237;t nhi&#7873;u b&#7841;n s&#7869; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;o c&#225;o ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#7847;n c&#243; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; chi ti&#7871;t t&#7899;i &#273;&#226;u v&#224; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7899;i &#273;&#226;u. Tuy nhi&#234;n, n&#7871;u b&#225;o c&#225;o ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng b&#7903;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ngo&#224;i, c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n tu&#226;n th&#7911; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/quy-dinh-thu-thap-du-lieu/">c&#225;c nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c b&#7843;o m&#7853;t</a> c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty.</p><h2><strong>8) C&#225;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#432; n&#224;o?&nbsp;</strong></h2><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7863;t c&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i <em>th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m, m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch, c&#225;ch th&#7913;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch.</em> V&#237; d&#7909;: khi t&#7841;o b&#225;o c&#225;o, b&#7841;n s&#7869; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n k&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c b&#225;o c&#225;o kh&#225;c, hay b&#7841;n s&#7869; mong mu&#7889;n c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#250;ng v&#224;o h&#7879; th&#7889;ng &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch li&#234;n t&#7909;c theo th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c?&nbsp;</p><p>Embedded analytics l&#224; m&#7897;t nh&#225;nh c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; BI, t&#237;ch h&#7907;p c&#225;c dashboard ho&#7863;c n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng chuy&#234;n nghi&#7879;p v&#224;o c&#225;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng hi&#7879;n c&#243; c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#7875; n&#226;ng cao ph&#7841;m vi v&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. B&#7857;ng c&#225;ch t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#7911;a c&#225;c dashboard, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng m&#7885;i &#273;i&#7875;m ti&#7871;p x&#250;c th&#244;ng tin c&#243; s&#7861;n cho doanh nghi&#7879;p. V&#237; d&#7909;: b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c b&#225;o c&#225;o v&#224; dashboard cho c&#225;c stakeholder b&#234;n ngo&#224;i &#273;&#7875; chia s&#7867; th&#244;ng tin c&#243; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#224; d&#7877; hi&#7875;u.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i c&#225;c b&#225;o c&#225;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#250;ng (embedded report), b&#7841;n c&#361;ng n&#234;n c&#226;n nh&#7855;c vi&#7879;c n&#234;n truy c&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#234;n thi&#7871;t b&#7883; di &#273;&#7897;ng, d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng xu&#7845;t t&#7879;p hay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c in ra tr&#234;n gi&#7845;y hay kh&#244;ng, nh&#7857;m &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o t&#237;nh linh ho&#7841;t v&#224; d&#7877; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng.</p><h2><strong>9) D&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a nh&#432; n&#224;o?</strong></h2><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng insight c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883;, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng tr&#236;nh b&#224;y v&#224; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin n&#224;y t&#7889;t, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o s&#7869; kh&#244;ng t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin n&#224;y. B&#7841;n ph&#7843;i thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y:</p><ul><li><p>&#272;&#250;ng</p></li><li><p>Quan tr&#7885;ng</p></li><li><p>Cho th&#7845;y s&#7921; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t v&#224; g&#7845;p g&#225;p ph&#7843;i h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p>Tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; s&#7869; h&#7895; tr&#7907; b&#7841;n l&#224;m &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y. C&#243; h&#224;ng t&#225; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n v&#224; n&#7871;u ch&#7885;n sai c&#225;ch tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u (v&#237; d&#7909;, bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n di&#7877;n bi&#7871;n th&#7901;i gian tr&#234;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#242;n), b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7841;p &#273;&#7893; m&#7885;i n&#7895; l&#7921;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/chon-bieu-do">Data Visualization - C&#225;ch ch&#7885;n lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; minh h&#7885;a t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t cho metrics c&#7911;a b&#7841;n?</a></p><p>Dashboard c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c s&#7869; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n so v&#7899;i c&#225;c trang th&#7889;ng k&#234; th&#244;ng tin t&#297;nh. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n v&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c m&#7897;t c&#225;ch d&#7877; d&#224;ng, b&#7857;ng c&#225;c thi&#7871;t b&#7883; di &#273;&#7897;ng 24/7 v&#224; c&#243; quy&#7873;n truy c&#7853;p v&#224;o t&#7915;ng ph&#7847;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#7847;n.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/nguyen-tac-thiet-ke-dashboard/">5 nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; dashboard h&#7919;u &#237;ch cho doanh nghi&#7879;p</a></p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/15-cau-hoi-tim-ra-huong-phan-tich?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">H&#227;y chia s&#7867; n&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y nh&#7919;ng ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#224; l&#432;u l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; d&#7877; d&#224;ng xem l&#7841;i khi c&#7847;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/15-cau-hoi-tim-ra-huong-phan-tich?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/15-cau-hoi-tim-ra-huong-phan-tich?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2><strong>10) Ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m n&#224;o c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p t&#244;i tr&#236;nh b&#224;y nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch?</strong></h2><p>C&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#244;ng c&#7909; c&#417; b&#7843;n v&#224; n&#226;ng cao m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng. Trong &#273;&#243;, trang t&#237;nh (spreadsheet) s&#7869; l&#224; c&#244;ng c&#7909; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#297;nh, theo m&#7897;t c&#225;ch truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng.&nbsp;</p><p>Nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n mong mu&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#249;y ch&#7881;nh c&#225;ch hi&#7875;n th&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo c&#225;ch ri&#234;ng, th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#417; b&#7843;n v&#224; n&#226;ng cao v&#7899;i s&#7921; tr&#7907; gi&#250;p c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i mong mu&#7889;n c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng theo th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c m&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch th&#7911; c&#244;ng, v&#7853;y th&#236; c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; nh&#432; PowerBI, Tableau&#8230; s&#7869; ph&#249; h&#7907;p h&#417;n.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/tai-sao-khong-nen-phu-thuoc-hoan-toan-vao-excel-hay-google-sheet/">T&#7841;i sao kh&#244;ng n&#234;n ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#224;o Excel hay Google Sheets?</a></p><h2><strong>11) Doanh nghi&#7879;p hi&#7879;n c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; ti&#234;n ti&#7871;n n&#224;o?</strong></h2><p>Khi b&#7841;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o c&#226;u h&#7887;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;o, vi&#7879;c xem x&#233;t nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; ti&#234;n ti&#7871;n ho&#7863;c &#273;&#226;u l&#224; c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; m&#224; doanh nghi&#7879;p b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n l&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng ti&#7871;p theo. V&#7899;i c&#225;c c&#244;ng ngh&#7879; nh&#432; tr&#237; tu&#7879; nh&#226;n t&#7841;o (AI - Artificial Intelligence), m&#225;y h&#7885;c (ML - Machine Learning) v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n (predictive analytics), b&#7841;n s&#7869; h&#7907;p l&#253; h&#243;a c&#225;c chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#226;u h&#7887;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i thu &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#234;m m&#7897;t l&#7899;p chuy&#234;n s&#226;u t&#7915; th&#244;ng tin c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.&nbsp;</p><h2><strong>12) C&#243; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; kh&#225;c c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t kh&#244;ng?</strong></h2><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi k&#7871;t th&#250;c, m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7863;t ra l&#224; l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c minh t&#237;nh &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7855;n v&#224; t&#237;nh to&#224;n v&#7865;n c&#7911;a k&#7871;t qu&#7843;. H&#227;y nh&#7899; r&#7857;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7889;ng k&#234; lu&#244;n c&#243; nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch v&#224; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m kh&#244;ng ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n.&nbsp;</p><p>Suy ngh&#297; xem c&#243; th&#244;ng tin n&#224;o b&#7883; thi&#7871;u v&#224; b&#7841;n s&#7869; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng th&#234;m th&#244;ng tin nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o n&#7871;u c&#243; th&#244;ng tin &#273;&#243;. B&#7857;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#243;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh th&#244;ng tin ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7889;t h&#417;n.</p><p>Lu&#244;n quay l&#7841;i c&#225;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u ban &#273;&#7847;u v&#224; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o r&#7857;ng b&#7841;n xem x&#233;t k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch&nbsp; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch to&#224;n di&#7879;n. B&#7841;n s&#7869; mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o r&#7857;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng l&#224; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#224; kh&#244;ng m&#7855;c ph&#7843;i b&#7845;t k&#7923; sai l&#7847;m n&#224;o trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n. Trong b&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;y, c&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o l&#224;:</p><ul><li><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a kh&#244;ng?</p></li><li><p>Nh&#7919;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#227; &#273;&#250;ng v&#7899;i t&#236;nh h&#236;nh kinh doanh hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p ch&#432;a?</p></li></ul><p>B&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7889;i s&#225;nh c&#225;c k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7857;ng c&#225;c ph&#233;p t&#237;nh to&#225;n th&#7911; c&#244;ng. N&#7871;u c&#243; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t v&#224; kh&#244;ng tr&#249;ng kh&#7899;p, b&#7841;n s&#7869; t&#236;m ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng l&#7895;i sai c&#7847;n kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c.&nbsp;</p><h2><strong>13) L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng v&#259;n h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u?</strong></h2><p>Dashboards d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; &#273;&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#259;n h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong doanh nghi&#7879;p:&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Me!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3a7d9b9-0bfd-49c1-9e1c-90b6348be4aa_811x607.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Me!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3a7d9b9-0bfd-49c1-9e1c-90b6348be4aa_811x607.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Me!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3a7d9b9-0bfd-49c1-9e1c-90b6348be4aa_811x607.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Me!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3a7d9b9-0bfd-49c1-9e1c-90b6348be4aa_811x607.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!k1Me!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe3a7d9b9-0bfd-49c1-9e1c-90b6348be4aa_811x607.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#7875; th&#7921;c s&#7921; k&#7871;t h&#7907;p c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224;o vi&#7879;c &#273;i&#7873;u h&#224;nh doanh nghi&#7879;p, t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c c&#225; nh&#226;n &#273;&#7873;u c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#249; h&#7907;p. H&#7885; c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u t&#7841;i sao &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; ph&#7843;i ti&#7871;n h&#224;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u. Tuy nhi&#234;n, ch&#7881; mong mu&#7889;n v&#224; hy v&#7885;ng r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c s&#7869; ti&#7871;n h&#224;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; m&#7897;t chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n s&#7869; th&#7845;t b&#7841;i. Th&#224;nh th&#7853;t m&#224; n&#243;i, y&#234;u c&#7847;u h&#7885; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u (m&#224; kh&#244;ng cho h&#7885; th&#7845;y l&#7907;i &#237;ch tr&#432;&#7899;c) c&#361;ng kh&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng.</p><p>Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, h&#227;y h&#7919;u h&#236;nh h&#243;a nh&#7919;ng l&#7907;i &#237;ch h&#7885; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u cho c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh. Cho c&#225;c nh&#226;n vi&#234;n n&#7897;i b&#7897; th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng th&#243;i quen ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n s&#7869; gi&#250;p t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; l&#224;m vi&#7879;c nh&#432; n&#224;o. C&#7889; g&#7855;ng t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t v&#259;n h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u - ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ti&#7879;n &#273;&#7875; k&#7927; lu&#7853;t nh&#226;n vi&#234;n v&#224; t&#236;m ra ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7883;u tr&#225;ch nhi&#7879;m cho nh&#7919;ng th&#7845;t b&#7841;i, m&#224; l&#224; &#273;&#7875; trao quy&#7873;n cho h&#7885; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t v&#224; t&#7921; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/xay-dung-van-hoa-du-lieu-khi-khong-co-data-team/">L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng v&#259;n h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u khi kh&#244;ng c&#243; Data Team?</a></p><h2><strong>14) T&#244;i c&#243; &#273;ang b&#7887; l&#7905; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;, v&#224; li&#7879;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khai th&#225;c h&#7871;t c&#225;c &#253; ngh&#297;a ch&#432;a?</strong></h2><p>B&#7841;n n&#234;n d&#224;nh th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7875; kh&#225;m ph&#225; t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c b&#225;o c&#225;o v&#224; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#7921;c quan d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh li&#7879;u c&#243; b&#7845;t k&#7923; kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng th&#244;ng tin n&#224;o c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7893; sung hay kh&#244;ng?&nbsp;</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: Theo d&#245;i c&#225;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u Sales v&#224; hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t l&#224;m vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng nh&#226;n vi&#234;n s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#243; &#273;&#7911; th&#244;ng tin &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n t&#236;nh h&#236;nh l&#224;m vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a b&#7897; ph&#7853;n. Nh&#432;ng sau m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c h&#7885;p n&#7897;i b&#7897; c&#7911;a team v&#224; c&#225;c stakeholder, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c &#273;&#432;a customer lifetime value v&#224; acquisition costs v&#224;o ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#7869; cung c&#7845;p &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; th&#244;ng tin cho b&#7913;c tranh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u h&#417;n.&nbsp;</p><h2><strong>15) L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; li&#234;n t&#7909;c c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch?</strong></h2><p><em>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236; &#273;&#7875; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o, quy tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ho&#7863;c c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i t&#236;nh h&#236;nh th&#7921;c t&#7871;?</em>&nbsp;</p><p>B&#7845;t k&#7875; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng hay l&#297;nh v&#7921;c c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; g&#236;, m&#7885;i th&#7913; &#273;&#7873;u chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng kh&#244;ng ng&#7915;ng. Nh&#7919;ng g&#236; &#273;ang l&#224; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng ng&#224;y h&#244;m nay c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7903; n&#234;n l&#7895;i th&#7901;i v&#224;o ng&#224;y mai. V&#236; v&#7853;y, m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7863;t ra l&#224; l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; li&#234;n t&#7909;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#225;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch.</p><p>C&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#7911;a c&#226;u h&#7887;i s&#7889; 14 s&#7869; l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c n&#7873;n &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng tr&#7889;ng ho&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m y&#7871;u trong l&#7853;p lu&#7853;n c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch. T&#7915; &#273;&#226;y, b&#7841;n n&#234;n kh&#225;m ph&#225; m&#7885;i KPI ho&#7863;c h&#236;nh &#7843;nh tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#7919;a c&#225;c b&#7897; ph&#7853;n v&#224; t&#236;m ra c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch b&#7857;ng nhi&#7873;u c&#225;ch: c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t c&#225;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, s&#7917;a &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;c c&#7843;nh b&#225;o ho&#7863;c &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#7921;c quan &#273;&#7875; dashboard tr&#7843; v&#7873; th&#244;ng tin chi ti&#7871;t ph&#249; h&#7907;p h&#417;n v&#7899;i t&#236;nh h&#236;nh hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i,...</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng dashboard KPI kho c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c drill-down &#273;&#7875; &#273;i s&#226;u v&#224;o chi ti&#7871;t c&#7911;a t&#7893;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; giao h&#224;ng &#273;&#250;ng h&#7841;n (total on-time shipment rate) b&#7903;i t&#7927; l&#7879; &#273;&#7863;t h&#224;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ho&#7863;c t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;ang t&#259;ng g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/15-cau-hoi-tim-ra-huong-phan-tich?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/15-cau-hoi-tim-ra-huong-phan-tich?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/15-cau-hoi-tim-ra-huong-phan-tich?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h2><p>&#8220;Ask the right question&#8221; l&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng ti&#234;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; khai th&#225;c t&#7889;i &#273;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243;. D&#7921;a tr&#234;n 15 v&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; c&#226;u h&#7887;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u x&#226;y d&#7921;ng danh s&#225;ch c&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i c&#7911;a ri&#234;ng doanh nghi&#7879;p m&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n m&#7897;t chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7889;i &#432;u v&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; cho vi&#7879;c &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh. &#272;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; t&#432; duy xuy&#234;n su&#7889;t m&#224; <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=15-cau-hoi">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c </a><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=eda">Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics</a><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=15-cau-hoi"> t&#7841;i Tomorrow Marketers</a> truy&#7873;n t&#7843;i qua ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh h&#7885;c, tham gia ngay nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=eda" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_PDC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17024825-a989-48b9-8610-2aebfe43f1ca_1665x697.jpeg 424w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Dữ liệu ngoại lai (outlier) là gì và xử lý những dữ liệu này như nào trong phân tích?]]></title><description><![CDATA[S&#7869; c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; &#273;i&#7875;m b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i b&#7841;n t&#236;m ra v&#224; l&#224;m s&#7841;ch tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch. T&#236;m hi&#7875;u c&#225;ch l&#224;m s&#7841;ch ch&#250;ng &#273;&#7875; c&#243; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ch&#237;nh x&#225;c.]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/outlier</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/outlier</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 14 Nov 2024 03:45:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb618c01c-872d-43c4-9468-e5391cd3261d_512x324.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3twK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb618c01c-872d-43c4-9468-e5391cd3261d_512x324.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3twK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb618c01c-872d-43c4-9468-e5391cd3261d_512x324.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3twK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb618c01c-872d-43c4-9468-e5391cd3261d_512x324.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3twK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb618c01c-872d-43c4-9468-e5391cd3261d_512x324.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3twK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb618c01c-872d-43c4-9468-e5391cd3261d_512x324.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3twK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb618c01c-872d-43c4-9468-e5391cd3261d_512x324.jpeg" width="512" height="324" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b618c01c-872d-43c4-9468-e5391cd3261d_512x324.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:324,&quot;width&quot;:512,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3twK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb618c01c-872d-43c4-9468-e5391cd3261d_512x324.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3twK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb618c01c-872d-43c4-9468-e5391cd3261d_512x324.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3twK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb618c01c-872d-43c4-9468-e5391cd3261d_512x324.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3twK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb618c01c-872d-43c4-9468-e5391cd3261d_512x324.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>80% th&#7901;i gian l&#224;m vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a m&#7897;t Data Analyst d&#224;nh cho vi&#7879;c l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Th&#7921;c t&#7871;, r&#7845;t kh&#243; &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i m&#7897;t t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#224;n to&#224;n s&#7841;ch s&#7869; v&#224; kh&#7843; d&#7909;ng. S&#7869; c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; &#273;i&#7875;m b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i t&#236;m ra v&#224; l&#224;m s&#7841;ch tr&#432;&#7899;c khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch nh&#7857;m &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ch&#237;nh x&#225;c. C&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; do c&#225;c nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n kh&#225;ch quan (c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889;, s&#7921; ki&#7879;n b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng) v&#224; ch&#7911; quan (sai s&#243;t trong nh&#7853;p li&#7879;u).&nbsp;</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-cleaning-la-gi-huong-dan-cac-buoc-lam-sach-du-lieu/">Data Cleaning l&#224; g&#236;? H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>D&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai (outliers) l&#224; g&#236;?</strong></h2><p>D&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai l&#224; nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u (records) &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ghi nh&#7853;n c&#243; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng so v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c, kh&#244;ng theo m&#7897;t quy t&#7855;c chung n&#224;o v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y ra s&#7921; sai l&#7879;ch trong k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; vi&#7879;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#225;c thu&#7853;t to&#225;n d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n v&#224; hi&#7875;u r&#245; c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng, b&#7903;i:</p><ol><li><p>C&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m sai l&#7879;ch v&#224; t&#7841;o ra thi&#234;n ki&#7871;n ti&#234;u c&#7921;c cho to&#224;n b&#7897; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch;</p></li><li><p>Trong m&#7897;t s&#7889; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p, c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai c&#243; th&#7875; cung c&#7845;p insight cho m&#7897;t k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch;</p></li><li><p>Lo&#7841;i b&#7887; outlier trong dataset s&#7869; gi&#250;p k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#224; s&#225;t v&#7899;i th&#7921;c t&#7871; h&#417;n.</p></li></ol><h2><strong>L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai?</strong></h2><h3><em><strong>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p trong b&#7843;ng/trang t&#237;nh c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></em></h3><p>C&#225;ch &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai ch&#237;nh l&#224; t&#236;m tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p trong b&#7843;ng/trang t&#237;nh c&#7911;a m&#7897;t t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. C&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai l&#224; do l&#7895;i &#273;&#225;nh m&#225;y trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh nh&#7853;p li&#7879;u.&nbsp;</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, c&#7897;t &#8220;Tu&#7893;i&#8221; c&#7911;a Antony Smith c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai l&#234;n t&#7899;i 470 tu&#7893;i. Gi&#225; tr&#7883; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; 47, 70 ho&#7863;c 40 tu&#7893;i.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eevv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F266f9f54-f1bc-492f-8cfb-b05bf3340322_1155x317.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eevv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F266f9f54-f1bc-492f-8cfb-b05bf3340322_1155x317.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eevv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F266f9f54-f1bc-492f-8cfb-b05bf3340322_1155x317.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eevv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F266f9f54-f1bc-492f-8cfb-b05bf3340322_1155x317.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eevv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F266f9f54-f1bc-492f-8cfb-b05bf3340322_1155x317.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eevv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F266f9f54-f1bc-492f-8cfb-b05bf3340322_1155x317.png" width="1155" height="317" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/266f9f54-f1bc-492f-8cfb-b05bf3340322_1155x317.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:317,&quot;width&quot;:1155,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;V&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; c&#225;ch x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai trong b&#7843;ng c&#7911;a t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="V&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; c&#225;ch x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai trong b&#7843;ng c&#7911;a t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u" title="V&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; c&#225;ch x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai trong b&#7843;ng c&#7911;a t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eevv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F266f9f54-f1bc-492f-8cfb-b05bf3340322_1155x317.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eevv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F266f9f54-f1bc-492f-8cfb-b05bf3340322_1155x317.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eevv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F266f9f54-f1bc-492f-8cfb-b05bf3340322_1155x317.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Eevv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F266f9f54-f1bc-492f-8cfb-b05bf3340322_1155x317.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#7875; t&#236;m ra nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai trong c&#225;c trang t&#237;nh Excel/Google Sheets, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n s&#7855;p x&#7871;p (sort) d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo th&#7913; t&#7921; (t&#7915; b&#233; t&#7899;i l&#7899;n ho&#7863;c ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i) v&#224; t&#236;m ra c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; cao ho&#7863;c th&#7845;p b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng.&nbsp;</p><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n n&#224;y kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; kh&#225;c th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a ngo&#7841;i l&#7879;, nh&#432;ng &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7897;ng c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; t&#237;nh d&#7877; d&#224;ng v&#224; nhanh ch&#243;ng khi &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; cao ho&#7863;c th&#7845;p b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y ch&#7881; c&#243; th&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y c&#243; k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7887; (c&#243; &#237;t b&#7843;n ghi). Nh&#432;ng khi database l&#234;n t&#7899;i h&#224;ng ngh&#236;n, h&#224;ng tri&#7879;u ho&#7863;c h&#224;ng t&#7927; d&#242;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i h&#224;ng ch&#7909;c, h&#224;ng tr&#259;m tr&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#236; l&#224;m x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai theo ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p th&#7911; c&#244;ng n&#224;y l&#224; b&#7845;t kh&#7843; thi v&#224; t&#7889;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u th&#7901;i gian, c&#244;ng s&#7913;c.&nbsp;</p><h3><em><strong>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;</strong></em></h3><p>Tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7897;t c&#225;ch r&#245; r&#224;ng r&#7857;ng c&#243; &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;o kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#242;n l&#7841;i.&nbsp;</p><p>C&#243; 3 lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai, &#273;&#243; l&#224;: boxplot, histogram v&#224; scatterplots.</p><p>&#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i Histogram v&#224; heatmap, outlier th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7869; c&#243; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i t&#225;ch bi&#7879;t h&#7859;n so v&#7899;i ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#225;c trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qEuc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1912436e-158d-4bb8-9478-7bc8b5880d29_945x619.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qEuc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1912436e-158d-4bb8-9478-7bc8b5880d29_945x619.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qEuc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1912436e-158d-4bb8-9478-7bc8b5880d29_945x619.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qEuc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1912436e-158d-4bb8-9478-7bc8b5880d29_945x619.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qEuc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1912436e-158d-4bb8-9478-7bc8b5880d29_945x619.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qEuc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1912436e-158d-4bb8-9478-7bc8b5880d29_945x619.png" width="945" height="619" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1912436e-158d-4bb8-9478-7bc8b5880d29_945x619.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:619,&quot;width&quot;:945,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Histogram&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Histogram" title="X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Histogram" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qEuc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1912436e-158d-4bb8-9478-7bc8b5880d29_945x619.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qEuc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1912436e-158d-4bb8-9478-7bc8b5880d29_945x619.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qEuc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1912436e-158d-4bb8-9478-7bc8b5880d29_945x619.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qEuc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1912436e-158d-4bb8-9478-7bc8b5880d29_945x619.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tham kh&#7843;o case study x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai trong database c&#7911;a h&#7879; th&#7889;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; s&#7913;c kh&#7887;e c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#226;n Brazil &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u h&#417;n v&#7873; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y.</p><p>Trong m&#7897;t nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#244;ng b&#7889; tr&#234;n trang web c&#7911;a Aquarela, ch&#250;ng t&#244;i &#273;&#227; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; khi&#7871;n m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#7855;ng m&#7863;t trong c&#225;c cu&#7897;c h&#7865;n y t&#7871; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#234;n l&#7883;ch trong h&#7879; th&#7889;ng y t&#7871; c&#244;ng c&#7897;ng c&#7911;a th&#224;nh ph&#7889; Vit&#243;ria thu&#7897;c bang Espirito Santo, g&#226;y thi&#7879;t h&#7841;i kho&#7843;ng 8 tri&#7879;u &#273;&#244; la M&#7929; m&#7897;t n&#259;m tri&#7879;u.</p><p>T&#7915; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, c&#225;c Data Analyst &#273;&#227; t&#236;m ra m&#7897;t s&#7889; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng chung: tr&#7867; em th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng b&#7887; l&#7905; c&#225;c cu&#7897;c h&#7865;n; v&#224; ph&#7909; n&#7919; tham gia t&#432; v&#7845;n nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n nam gi&#7899;i. Tuy nhi&#234;n, m&#7897;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p g&#226;y t&#242; m&#242; l&#224; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p c&#7911;a m&#7897;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p ngo&#7841;i l&#7879;, &#7903; tu&#7893;i 79, b&#224; &#273;&#227; l&#234;n l&#7883;ch t&#432; v&#7845;n tr&#432;&#7899;c 365 ng&#224;y v&#224; th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; m&#7863;t trong cu&#7897;c h&#7865;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p ngo&#7841;i l&#7879; nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#236;m hi&#7875;u, b&#7903;i v&#236; h&#224;nh vi c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i ph&#7909; n&#7919; n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; mang l&#7841;i th&#244;ng tin li&#234;n quan v&#7873; c&#225;c bi&#7879;n ph&#225;p c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; c&#243; m&#7863;t trong l&#7883;ch tr&#236;nh. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#227; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a m&#7851;u ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n v&#7899;i 8,000 &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; m&#7851;u, gi&#250;p d&#7877; d&#224;ng nh&#236;n ra tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m insight.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zuzm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7052182-25d7-4cfe-908d-9f42f8783b58_714x578.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zuzm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7052182-25d7-4cfe-908d-9f42f8783b58_714x578.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zuzm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7052182-25d7-4cfe-908d-9f42f8783b58_714x578.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zuzm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7052182-25d7-4cfe-908d-9f42f8783b58_714x578.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zuzm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7052182-25d7-4cfe-908d-9f42f8783b58_714x578.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zuzm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7052182-25d7-4cfe-908d-9f42f8783b58_714x578.png" width="714" height="578" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e7052182-25d7-4cfe-908d-9f42f8783b58_714x578.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:578,&quot;width&quot;:714,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a m&#7851;u ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n v&#7899;i 8,000 &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; m&#7851;u&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a m&#7851;u ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n v&#7899;i 8,000 &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; m&#7851;u" title="bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a m&#7851;u ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n v&#7899;i 8,000 &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; m&#7851;u" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zuzm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7052182-25d7-4cfe-908d-9f42f8783b58_714x578.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zuzm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7052182-25d7-4cfe-908d-9f42f8783b58_714x578.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zuzm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7052182-25d7-4cfe-908d-9f42f8783b58_714x578.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Zuzm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7052182-25d7-4cfe-908d-9f42f8783b58_714x578.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i Boxplot, d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh l&#224; nh&#7919;ng d&#7845;u ch&#7845;m &#7903; 2 &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;.&nbsp;</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o th&#234;m c&#225;ch &#273;&#7885;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Boxplot v&#224; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai t&#7841;i b&#224;i vi&#7871;t <a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Z1U7JqqrIkqtmvo8BueuDw3kWuOexEhnE43C6QyWD8g/edit#">Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Box plot l&#224; g&#236; v&#224; &#273;&#7885;c hi&#7875;u bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y nh&#432; n&#224;o?</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cgi_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e4f5b0d-2b0d-4bd6-945c-abb88d78d58e_924x625.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cgi_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e4f5b0d-2b0d-4bd6-945c-abb88d78d58e_924x625.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cgi_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e4f5b0d-2b0d-4bd6-945c-abb88d78d58e_924x625.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cgi_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e4f5b0d-2b0d-4bd6-945c-abb88d78d58e_924x625.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cgi_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e4f5b0d-2b0d-4bd6-945c-abb88d78d58e_924x625.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cgi_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e4f5b0d-2b0d-4bd6-945c-abb88d78d58e_924x625.png" width="924" height="625" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0e4f5b0d-2b0d-4bd6-945c-abb88d78d58e_924x625.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:625,&quot;width&quot;:924,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot" title="x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cgi_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e4f5b0d-2b0d-4bd6-945c-abb88d78d58e_924x625.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cgi_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e4f5b0d-2b0d-4bd6-945c-abb88d78d58e_924x625.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cgi_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e4f5b0d-2b0d-4bd6-945c-abb88d78d58e_924x625.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!cgi_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e4f5b0d-2b0d-4bd6-945c-abb88d78d58e_924x625.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng histogram v&#224; boxplot, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7877; d&#224;ng x&#225;c c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n ngo&#7841;i lai.&nbsp;</p><p>Trong khi &#273;&#243;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#226;n t&#225;n (scatter plot) &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i &#273;a bi&#7871;n ngo&#7841;i lai. &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i scatter chart, d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai th&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7857;m c&#225;ch r&#7845;t xa bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ch&#237;nh, v&#7899;i s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng &#237;t.&nbsp;</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i xem x&#233;t hai bi&#7871;n, Input v&#224; Output. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#226;n t&#225;n v&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7891;i quy cho th&#7845;y h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7873;u tu&#226;n theo m&#7897;t xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, trong khi c&#243; m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai &#273;&#432;&#7907;c khoanh tr&#242;n l&#7841;i &#7903; kh&#225; xa so v&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng bi&#7875;u th&#7883; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; h&#7891;i quy c&#7911;a hai bi&#7871;n.</p><p>N&#7871;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n Input (~14) kh&#244;ng b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7903;i c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; Input kh&#225;c dao &#273;&#7897;ng trong kho&#7843;ng t&#7915; 10 &#273;&#7871;n 20 tr&#234;n tr&#7909;c X, trong khi &#273;&#243;, gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n Output (~50) c&#361;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; b&#7903;i n&#7857;m trong ph&#7841;m vi gi&#225; tr&#7883; 10 - 60 tr&#234;n tr&#7909;c Y.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n, &#273;&#226;y v&#7851;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai b&#7903;i c&#243; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t so v&#7899;i c&#244;ng th&#7913;c. Data Analyst c&#243; th&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p ngo&#7841;i l&#7879; khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#7891;i quy &#273;a bi&#7871;n do t&#237;nh ch&#7845;t ph&#7843;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n.&nbsp;</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; c&#226;n nh&#7855;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n ch&#237;nh (Principal component analysis) &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t khi b&#7841;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;a chi&#7873;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fOwz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0cff13-e576-4f93-bb03-00451b42e645_931x623.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fOwz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0cff13-e576-4f93-bb03-00451b42e645_931x623.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fOwz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0cff13-e576-4f93-bb03-00451b42e645_931x623.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fOwz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0cff13-e576-4f93-bb03-00451b42e645_931x623.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fOwz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0cff13-e576-4f93-bb03-00451b42e645_931x623.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fOwz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0cff13-e576-4f93-bb03-00451b42e645_931x623.png" width="931" height="623" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4e0cff13-e576-4f93-bb03-00451b42e645_931x623.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:623,&quot;width&quot;:931,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n ch&#237;nh (Principal component analysis) &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n ch&#237;nh (Principal component analysis) &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai" title="s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n ch&#237;nh (Principal component analysis) &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fOwz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0cff13-e576-4f93-bb03-00451b42e645_931x623.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fOwz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0cff13-e576-4f93-bb03-00451b42e645_931x623.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fOwz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0cff13-e576-4f93-bb03-00451b42e645_931x623.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fOwz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4e0cff13-e576-4f93-bb03-00451b42e645_931x623.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n th&#234;m c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; Data</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>V&#224;o ng&#224;y 17 th&#225;ng 5 n&#259;m 2017, c&#7893; phi&#7871;u c&#7911;a Petrobras &#273;&#227; gi&#7843;m 15,8% v&#224; ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7913;ng kho&#225;n (IBOVESPA) gi&#7843;m 8,8% ch&#7881; trong m&#7897;t ng&#224;y. H&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c c&#7893; phi&#7871;u c&#7911;a th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7913;ng kho&#225;n Brazil &#273;&#227; gi&#7843;m gi&#225; m&#7841;nh v&#224;o ng&#224;y h&#244;m &#273;&#243;. This strong negative variation n&#224;y l&#224; &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7921;c ch&#237;nh cho Joesley Batista, m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; ki&#7879;n ch&#237;nh tr&#7883; g&#226;y s&#7889;c nh&#7845;t x&#7843;y ra trong n&#7917;a &#273;&#7847;u n&#259;m 2017.</p><p>Tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai m&#224; Data Analyst c&#7847;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n trung b&#236;nh h&#224;ng ng&#224;y &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#7893; phi&#7871;u c&#7911;a Petrobr&#225;s trong 180 ng&#224;y qua, b&#7903;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7899;i m&#7913;c gi&#7843;m trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a c&#7893; phi&#7871;u. Khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y, kh&#244;ng kh&#243; &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#244;ng theo m&#7897;t xu h&#432;&#7899;ng chung v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#242;n l&#7841;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nVm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cd0363d-30ef-4b9d-a61a-3ab73be68a7f_958x452.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nVm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cd0363d-30ef-4b9d-a61a-3ab73be68a7f_958x452.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nVm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cd0363d-30ef-4b9d-a61a-3ab73be68a7f_958x452.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nVm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cd0363d-30ef-4b9d-a61a-3ab73be68a7f_958x452.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nVm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cd0363d-30ef-4b9d-a61a-3ab73be68a7f_958x452.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nVm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cd0363d-30ef-4b9d-a61a-3ab73be68a7f_958x452.png" width="958" height="452" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4cd0363d-30ef-4b9d-a61a-3ab73be68a7f_958x452.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:452,&quot;width&quot;:958,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nVm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cd0363d-30ef-4b9d-a61a-3ab73be68a7f_958x452.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nVm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cd0363d-30ef-4b9d-a61a-3ab73be68a7f_958x452.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nVm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cd0363d-30ef-4b9d-a61a-3ab73be68a7f_958x452.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4nVm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4cd0363d-30ef-4b9d-a61a-3ab73be68a7f_958x452.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>D&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a v&#237; d&#7909; tr&#234;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; ngo&#7841;i lai, tuy nhi&#234;n, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t thi&#7871;t ph&#7843;i lo&#7841;i b&#7887; d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y. &#8220;&#272;&#432;&#7901;ng cong&#8221; trong bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u th&#7883; kh&#225; t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7891;ng v&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7859;ng c&#7855;t qua c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m. M&#7863;c d&#249; &#7903; kh&#225; xa v&#7899;i c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c, &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y v&#7851;n kh&#244;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n n&#7857;m ngo&#224;i &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;.&nbsp;</p><p>M&#7897;t m&#244; h&#236;nh d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7877; d&#224;ng suy ra v&#7899;i &#273;&#7897; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c cao r&#7857;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7913;ng kho&#225;n gi&#7843;m 9% s&#7869; t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c gi&#225; c&#7893; phi&#7871;u c&#7911;a Petrobras gi&#7843;m 15%. M&#7897;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p kh&#225;c, v&#7851;n v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7913;ng kho&#225;n Brazil, c&#7893; phi&#7871;u c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty Magazine Luiza t&#259;ng gi&#225; 30,8% trong m&#7897;t ng&#224;y m&#224; ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7913;ng kho&#225;n ch&#7881; t&#259;ng 0,7%.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MrVv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ba97af5-25fc-4b94-8a59-33bd096d36d5_939x496.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MrVv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ba97af5-25fc-4b94-8a59-33bd096d36d5_939x496.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MrVv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ba97af5-25fc-4b94-8a59-33bd096d36d5_939x496.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MrVv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ba97af5-25fc-4b94-8a59-33bd096d36d5_939x496.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MrVv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ba97af5-25fc-4b94-8a59-33bd096d36d5_939x496.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MrVv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ba97af5-25fc-4b94-8a59-33bd096d36d5_939x496.png" width="939" height="496" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3ba97af5-25fc-4b94-8a59-33bd096d36d5_939x496.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:496,&quot;width&quot;:939,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MrVv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ba97af5-25fc-4b94-8a59-33bd096d36d5_939x496.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MrVv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ba97af5-25fc-4b94-8a59-33bd096d36d5_939x496.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MrVv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ba97af5-25fc-4b94-8a59-33bd096d36d5_939x496.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MrVv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ba97af5-25fc-4b94-8a59-33bd096d36d5_939x496.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p ngo&#7841;i l&#7879; c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y h&#7841;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; cho c&#225;c t&#237;nh to&#225;n th&#7889;ng k&#234; m&#244; t&#7843;, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh v&#224; trung v&#7883;, m&#224; c&#242;n &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n.</p><h3><em><strong>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p th&#7889;ng k&#234;</strong></em></h3><h4><em><strong>T&#237;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh (mean) v&#224; &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n (standard deviation)</strong></em></h4><p>M&#7897;t c&#225;ch ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n nh&#432;ng kh&#225; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra c&#225;c ngo&#7841;i l&#7879; trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; t&#236;m ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i th&#7889;ng k&#234; g&#7847;n &#273;&#250;ng nh&#7845;t v&#7899;i ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p th&#7889;ng k&#234; &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai.&nbsp;</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; histogram d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y bi&#7875;u th&#7883; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t c&#7911;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; "km/l".</p><p>T&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho case study n&#224;y l&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#244;ng khai v&#224; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c Data Analyst khai th&#225;c r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u trong c&#225;c th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m th&#7889;ng k&#234;. T&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u bao g&#7891;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; &#8220;t&#7841;p ch&#237; Motor Trend US&#8221; n&#259;m 1974 v&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh v&#7873; hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a 32 m&#7851;u xe.&nbsp;</p><p>Histogram l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#224;nh vi c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Trong bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i, &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng m&#224;u xanh lam bi&#7875;u th&#7883; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n (Normal distribution - Gaussian distribution) s&#7869; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh (mean), &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n (standard deviation) v&#224; c&#7905; m&#7851;u (sample size) v&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng ph&#7843;n v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; d&#7841;ng thanh.</p><p>C&#225;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng th&#7859;ng &#273;&#7913;ng m&#224;u &#273;&#7887; &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho c&#225;c &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n (standard deviation). C&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng chi&#7871;c xe c&#243; hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t v&#432;&#7907;t tr&#7897;i trong m&#249;a c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7841;y trung b&#236;nh h&#417;n 14 km/l&#237;t, t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng v&#7899;i h&#417;n 2 &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n so v&#7899;i m&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSd9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feda6bca4-8b73-4d2e-8849-81a035bdca83_983x595.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSd9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feda6bca4-8b73-4d2e-8849-81a035bdca83_983x595.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSd9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feda6bca4-8b73-4d2e-8849-81a035bdca83_983x595.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSd9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feda6bca4-8b73-4d2e-8849-81a035bdca83_983x595.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSd9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feda6bca4-8b73-4d2e-8849-81a035bdca83_983x595.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSd9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feda6bca4-8b73-4d2e-8849-81a035bdca83_983x595.png" width="983" height="595" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eda6bca4-8b73-4d2e-8849-81a035bdca83_983x595.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:595,&quot;width&quot;:983,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSd9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feda6bca4-8b73-4d2e-8849-81a035bdca83_983x595.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSd9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feda6bca4-8b73-4d2e-8849-81a035bdca83_983x595.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSd9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feda6bca4-8b73-4d2e-8849-81a035bdca83_983x595.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oSd9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feda6bca4-8b73-4d2e-8849-81a035bdca83_983x595.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Theo ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n, d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#7887; h&#417;n hai l&#7847;n &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng v&#7899;i 95% c&#7911;a t&#7845;t c&#7843; d&#7919; li&#7879;u; trong khi &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y chi&#7871;m 5%.</p><h4><em><strong>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Z-Score</strong></em></h4><p>Z-scores c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u khi t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; tu&#226;n theo ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n. Z-scores l&#224; s&#7889; &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n (standard deviations) tr&#234;n v&#224; d&#432;&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh (mean) m&#224; m&#7895;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; gi&#7843;m xu&#7889;ng.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: Z-scores l&#224; 2 cho bi&#7871;t m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; hai &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n tr&#234;n m&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh trong khi &#273;i&#7875;m Z l&#224; -2 bi&#7875;u th&#7883; r&#7857;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; hai &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n d&#432;&#7899;i m&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh. &#272;i&#7875;m Z b&#7857;ng 0 bi&#7875;u th&#7883; m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7857;ng v&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh</p><p>&#272;&#7875; t&#237;nh Z-scores cho m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u, b&#7841;n ch&#7881; c&#7847;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ph&#233;p t&#237;nh tr&#7915;, l&#7845;y gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7841;i &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#243; tr&#7915; &#273;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh v&#224; chia cho &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n. V&#7873; m&#7863;t to&#225;n h&#7885;c, c&#244;ng th&#7913;c cho qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#273;&#243; l&#224;: Z = (X - &#956;)/&#963; .</p><p>Z-scores c&#7911;a m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#224;ng xa 0 th&#236; c&#224;ng b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng. Gi&#225; tr&#7883; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai l&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m Z t&#7915; +/-3 tr&#7903; l&#234;n. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i x&#225;c su&#7845;t d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y hi&#7875;n th&#7883; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i Z-scores trong m&#7897;t ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n. C&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#243; Z-scores v&#432;&#7907;t qu&#225; +/- 3 &#7903; m&#7913;c r&#7845;t &#237;t v&#224; b&#7841;n s&#7869; g&#7847;n nh&#432; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i &#225;p s&#225;t v&#7899;i tr&#7909;c X.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nt-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F722082f2-f197-4d63-a422-0efb60c2a70a_917x625.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nt-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F722082f2-f197-4d63-a422-0efb60c2a70a_917x625.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nt-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F722082f2-f197-4d63-a422-0efb60c2a70a_917x625.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nt-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F722082f2-f197-4d63-a422-0efb60c2a70a_917x625.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nt-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F722082f2-f197-4d63-a422-0efb60c2a70a_917x625.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nt-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F722082f2-f197-4d63-a422-0efb60c2a70a_917x625.png" width="917" height="625" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/722082f2-f197-4d63-a422-0efb60c2a70a_917x625.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:625,&quot;width&quot;:917,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Z-Score&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Z-Score" title="S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Z-Score" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nt-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F722082f2-f197-4d63-a422-0efb60c2a70a_917x625.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nt-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F722082f2-f197-4d63-a422-0efb60c2a70a_917x625.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nt-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F722082f2-f197-4d63-a422-0efb60c2a70a_917x625.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8nt-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F722082f2-f197-4d63-a422-0efb60c2a70a_917x625.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong m&#7897;t population tu&#226;n theo ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n, Z-score n&#7871;u l&#7899;n h&#417;n +/- 3 c&#243; x&#225;c su&#7845;t l&#224; 0,0027 (2 * 0,00135), t&#7913;c l&#224; kho&#7843;ng 1 tr&#234;n 370 &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Tuy nhi&#234;n, n&#7871;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng tu&#226;n theo ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng ch&#237;nh x&#225;c.</p><p>L&#432;u &#253; r&#7857;ng Z-scores c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n v&#7899;i c&#225;c t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c nh&#7887; v&#236; Z-scores t&#7889;i &#273;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n &#7903; (n&#8722;1)/&#8730; n.*</p><p>Z-score c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng t&#244;i ~3,6 g&#7847;n v&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7889;i &#273;a &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#7905; m&#7851;u l&#224; 15. C&#7905; m&#7851;u t&#7915; 10 gi&#225; tr&#7883; tr&#7903; xu&#7889;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; c&#243; Z-score v&#432;&#7907;t qu&#225; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ng&#432;&#7905;ng +/-3.</p><p>B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, h&#227;y l&#432;u &#253; r&#7857;ng c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m gi&#7843;m Z-score v&#236; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#224;y l&#224;m t&#259;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh (mean) v&#224; &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n (standard deviation). &#272;&#7875; &#253; r&#7857;ng t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c Z-scores &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#226;m, ngo&#7841;i tr&#7915; Z-scores c&#7911;a c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai. V&#236; v&#7853;y, Z-scores s&#7869; thay &#273;&#7893;i trong hai tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p bao g&#7891;m v&#224; kh&#244;ng bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p ngo&#7841;i lai, m&#224; th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng n&#7871;u t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai th&#236; Z-scores s&#7869; g&#7847;n v&#7899;i 0 h&#417;n.</p><h4><em><strong>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Interquartile Range &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai</strong></em></h4><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng <em>interquartile range (IQR)</em> v&#224; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#7847;n t&#432; (Q1, Q3) &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n th&#7845;p nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai. Trong &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#7857;m trong ph&#7841;m vi Q1 v&#224; Q3 ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/percentile">Percentile l&#224; g&#236;? Percentile &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng v&#224; t&#237;nh to&#225;n nh&#432; n&#224;o?</a></p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; Q1 l&#224; 1.714 v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; Q3 l&#224; 1.936. Gi&#225; tr&#7883; IQR s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng 1.936 &#8211; 1.714 = 0.222.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbrM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc47880b-1d15-4f52-b0b4-5e8496af7cbd_429x141.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbrM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc47880b-1d15-4f52-b0b4-5e8496af7cbd_429x141.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbrM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc47880b-1d15-4f52-b0b4-5e8496af7cbd_429x141.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbrM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc47880b-1d15-4f52-b0b4-5e8496af7cbd_429x141.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbrM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc47880b-1d15-4f52-b0b4-5e8496af7cbd_429x141.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbrM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc47880b-1d15-4f52-b0b4-5e8496af7cbd_429x141.png" width="429" height="141" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cc47880b-1d15-4f52-b0b4-5e8496af7cbd_429x141.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:141,&quot;width&quot;:429,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbrM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc47880b-1d15-4f52-b0b4-5e8496af7cbd_429x141.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbrM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc47880b-1d15-4f52-b0b4-5e8496af7cbd_429x141.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbrM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc47880b-1d15-4f52-b0b4-5e8496af7cbd_429x141.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZbrM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc47880b-1d15-4f52-b0b4-5e8496af7cbd_429x141.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#7875; t&#237;nh c&#225;c gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n c&#7911;a gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c:</p><ol><li><p>T&#237;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; IQR (median) v&#224; nh&#226;n n&#243; v&#7899;i 1,5 v&#224; 3. V&#237; d&#7909;, IQR c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7857;ng 0,222. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, 0,222 * 1,5 = 0,333 v&#224; 0,222 * 3 = 0,666.&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>T&#237;nh gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n s&#224;n v&#224; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n tr&#7847;n b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i. L&#7845;y gi&#225; tr&#7883; Q1 v&#224; tr&#7915; hai gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7915; b&#432;&#7899;c 1. V&#237; d&#7909;, Q1 l&#224; 1,714. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n tr&#7847;n b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i = 1,714 &#8211; 0,333 = 1,381 v&#224; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n s&#224;n b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i = 1,714 &#8211; 0,666 = 1,048.</p></li><li><p>T&#237;nh gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n s&#224;n v&#224; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n tr&#7847;n b&#234;n tr&#234;n. L&#7845;y gi&#225; tr&#7883; Q3 v&#224; c&#7897;ng hai gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7915; b&#432;&#7899;c 1. V&#237; d&#7909;, Q3 l&#224; 1,936. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n tr&#7847;n b&#234;n tr&#234;n = 1,936 + 0,333 = 2,269 v&#224; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n s&#224;n b&#234;n tr&#234;n = 1,936 + 0,666 = 2,602.</p></li></ol><p>Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n l&#7847;n l&#432;&#7907;t l&#224; 1,048, 1,381, 2,269 v&#224; 2,602. Ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; dao &#273;&#7897;ng trong kho&#7843;ng gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n tr&#7847;n ph&#237;a tr&#234;n v&#224; d&#432;&#7899;i l&#224; 1,381 v&#224; 2,269. &#272;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7899;n h&#417;n 2,269 &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai.</p><p>Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng v&#236; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng percentile m&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o m&#7897;t ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7909; th&#7875;. Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p th&#7889;ng k&#234; n&#224;y c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch chi ti&#7871;t cho v&#236; sao boxplot c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai.&nbsp;</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay &#273;&#7875; nh&#7853;n th&#234;m c&#225;c ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; Data nh&#233;!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h4><em><strong>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Hypothesis Tests</strong></em></h4><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai. V&#237; d&#7909; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y s&#7869; minh h&#7885;a ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;&#7863;t gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t Grubbs. Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y s&#7869; ki&#7875;m tra hai gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t:&nbsp;</p><ul><li><p>Null: T&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong m&#7851;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7845;y ra t&#7915; m&#7897;t population duy nh&#7845;t tu&#226;n theo c&#249;ng m&#7897;t ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n.</p></li><li><p>Alternative: M&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong m&#7851;u kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#7845;y ra t&#7915; c&#249;ng m&#7897;t population c&#243; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n nh&#432; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#225;c.</p></li></ul><p>N&#7871;u p-value th&#7845;p h&#417;n m&#7913;c &#253; ngh&#297;a (significance level), b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#7911; nh&#7853;n gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t null v&#224; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng m&#7897;t trong c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/10-khai-niem-thong-ke">10 kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t khi l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BDuY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4e34ad-c071-4dd6-acf0-91610c83fa8e_917x506.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BDuY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4e34ad-c071-4dd6-acf0-91610c83fa8e_917x506.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BDuY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4e34ad-c071-4dd6-acf0-91610c83fa8e_917x506.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BDuY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4e34ad-c071-4dd6-acf0-91610c83fa8e_917x506.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BDuY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4e34ad-c071-4dd6-acf0-91610c83fa8e_917x506.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BDuY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4e34ad-c071-4dd6-acf0-91610c83fa8e_917x506.png" width="917" height="506" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1a4e34ad-c071-4dd6-acf0-91610c83fa8e_917x506.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:506,&quot;width&quot;:917,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BDuY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4e34ad-c071-4dd6-acf0-91610c83fa8e_917x506.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BDuY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4e34ad-c071-4dd6-acf0-91610c83fa8e_917x506.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BDuY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4e34ad-c071-4dd6-acf0-91610c83fa8e_917x506.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BDuY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a4e34ad-c071-4dd6-acf0-91610c83fa8e_917x506.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ki&#7875;m &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#7911;a Grubbs c&#243; p-value l&#224; 0,000. Gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#224;y th&#7845;p h&#417;n m&#7913;c &#253; ngh&#297;a (significance level), c&#243; th&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;ang ch&#7913;a m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai. Output ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng &#273;&#243; l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#227; t&#236;m th&#7845;y tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y.&nbsp;</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ki&#7875;m &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t c&#7911;a Grubbs v&#224; t&#236;m th&#7845;y m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai, &#273;&#7915;ng lo&#7841;i b&#7887; gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#243; v&#224; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n l&#7841;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch. Qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n b&#7841;n lo&#7841;i b&#7887; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai.</p><p>Khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ki&#7875;m &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n ch&#7885;n quy tr&#236;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai ho&#7863;c ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai cho qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ki&#7875;m &#273;&#7883;nh. Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ki&#7875;m &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a Grubbs ch&#7881; ki&#7875;m tra m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai. Trong khi &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p kh&#225;c nh&#432; ki&#7875;m &#273;&#7883;nh Tietjen-Moore s&#7869; y&#234;u c&#7847;u b&#7841;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7897;t s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai c&#7909; th&#7875;.&nbsp;</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, nghe th&#7853;t kh&#243; v&#224; m&#244;ng lung b&#7903;i sau c&#249;ng th&#236; b&#7841;n &#273;ang th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ki&#7875;m &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai m&#224;? Masking v&#224; Swamping l&#224; hai v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#243; th&#7875; x&#7843;y ra khi b&#7841;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai kh&#244;ng ch&#237;nh x&#225;c trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u.&nbsp;</p><p>Trong &#273;&#243; Masking x&#7843;y ra khi b&#7841;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai qu&#225; &#237;t. C&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7869; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#7899;i k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ki&#7875;m &#273;&#7883;nh. V&#237; d&#7909;: n&#7871;u b&#7841;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai trong khi th&#7921;c t&#7871; l&#224; c&#243; hai gi&#225; tr&#7883;, ki&#7875;m &#273;&#7883;nh c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7887; s&#243;t c&#7843; hai gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai n&#224;y.</p><p>Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, Swamping x&#7843;y ra khi b&#7841;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u. Trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y, k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ki&#7875;m &#273;&#7883;nh c&#243; th&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai ch&#237;nh x&#225;c. V&#237; d&#7909;: n&#7871;u b&#7841;n ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh c&#243; hai gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai trong khi th&#7921;c t&#7871; ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883;, ki&#7875;m &#273;&#7883;nh c&#243; th&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng c&#243; hai gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai.</p><p>D&#249; v&#7853;y, s&#7869; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7921;a v&#224;o hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t v&#7873; l&#297;nh v&#7921;c, c&#244;ng ty, v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#224; quy tr&#236;nh thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai m&#7897;t c&#225;ch nhanh ch&#243;ng. Gi&#7843; s&#7917; b&#7841;n &#273;ang l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i m&#7897;t t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#7913;a c&#225;c m&#7913;c l&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a nh&#226;n vi&#234;n trong m&#7897;t c&#244;ng ty v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang c&#243; m&#7913;c l&#432;&#417;ng cao h&#417;n &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; so v&#7899;i m&#7913;c l&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng nh&#226;n vi&#234;n c&#242;n l&#7841;i. Tuy nhi&#234;n, sau khi xem x&#233;t k&#7929; h&#417;n, b&#7841;n nh&#7853;n ra r&#7857;ng nh&#226;n vi&#234;n n&#224;y l&#224; CEO c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty. Trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y, hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t v&#7873; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u r&#7857;ng m&#7913;c l&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a CEO s&#7869; cao h&#417;n so v&#7899;i c&#225;c m&#7913;c l&#432;&#417;ng c&#7911;a nh&#226;n vi&#234;n, v&#236; v&#7853;y d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y v&#7851;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh l&#224; h&#7907;p l&#7879;.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/outlier?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/outlier?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/outlier?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h2><p>Lo&#7841;i b&#7887; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n quan tr&#7885;ng trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u, &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#7847;u ra ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t, quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh c&#243; th&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n n&#226;ng cao t&#432; duy l&#224;m vi&#7879;c, x&#7917; l&#253;, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra c&#225;c insight &#7849;n, ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7843;m t&#237;nh, h&#227;y tham kh&#7843;o <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=outlier">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c </a><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=eda">Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics</a><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=outlier"> c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers</a></strong> nh&#233;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=outlier" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N2C2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5994ee3-1f26-4557-89be-b2eedb945f60_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N2C2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5994ee3-1f26-4557-89be-b2eedb945f60_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N2C2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5994ee3-1f26-4557-89be-b2eedb945f60_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N2C2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5994ee3-1f26-4557-89be-b2eedb945f60_1665x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N2C2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5994ee3-1f26-4557-89be-b2eedb945f60_1665x697.jpeg" width="1456" height="610" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b5994ee3-1f26-4557-89be-b2eedb945f60_1665x697.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:610,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:122536,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=outlier&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/i/151630090?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5994ee3-1f26-4557-89be-b2eedb945f60_1665x697.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N2C2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5994ee3-1f26-4557-89be-b2eedb945f60_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N2C2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5994ee3-1f26-4557-89be-b2eedb945f60_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N2C2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5994ee3-1f26-4557-89be-b2eedb945f60_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!N2C2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5994ee3-1f26-4557-89be-b2eedb945f60_1665x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Data Visualization - Cách chọn loại biểu đồ minh hoạ tốt nhất cho metrics của bạn?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u (Data Visualization) gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i xem nhanh ch&#243;ng nh&#7853;n ra c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, thay &#273;&#7893;i b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng, thay v&#236; nh&#236;n v&#224;o h&#224;ng t&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244; khan. T&#7915; &#273;&#243;, h&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; k&#7883;p th&#7901;i &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t.]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/chon-bieu-do</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/chon-bieu-do</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 28 Oct 2024 08:23:20 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc10f1556-d1d8-42b1-b08d-c1d996845e97_7560x4800.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgHU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc10f1556-d1d8-42b1-b08d-c1d996845e97_7560x4800.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgHU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc10f1556-d1d8-42b1-b08d-c1d996845e97_7560x4800.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgHU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc10f1556-d1d8-42b1-b08d-c1d996845e97_7560x4800.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgHU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc10f1556-d1d8-42b1-b08d-c1d996845e97_7560x4800.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgHU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc10f1556-d1d8-42b1-b08d-c1d996845e97_7560x4800.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgHU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc10f1556-d1d8-42b1-b08d-c1d996845e97_7560x4800.png" width="1456" height="924" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c10f1556-d1d8-42b1-b08d-c1d996845e97_7560x4800.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:924,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;data visualization&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="data visualization" title="data visualization" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgHU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc10f1556-d1d8-42b1-b08d-c1d996845e97_7560x4800.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgHU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc10f1556-d1d8-42b1-b08d-c1d996845e97_7560x4800.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgHU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc10f1556-d1d8-42b1-b08d-c1d996845e97_7560x4800.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AgHU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc10f1556-d1d8-42b1-b08d-c1d996845e97_7560x4800.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-la-gi-cac-loai-bieu-do-giup-ban-truc-quan-hoa-du-lieu/">Tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u (Data Visualization)</a> l&#224; minh ho&#7841; d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, &#273;&#7891; th&#7883; ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng tr&#7921;c quan kh&#225;c. N&#243; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i xem nhanh ch&#243;ng nh&#7853;n ra c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, thay &#273;&#7893;i b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng, thay v&#236; nh&#236;n v&#224;o h&#224;ng t&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244; khan. T&#7915; &#273;&#243;, h&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; k&#7883;p th&#7901;i &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t.</p><p>Trong th&#7921;c t&#7871;, vi&#7879;c l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i xem nhanh ch&#243;ng t&#236;m ra Insight kh&#244;ng h&#7873; d&#7877; d&#224;ng. B&#7903;i, m&#7895;i lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; s&#7869; c&#243; m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng kh&#225;c nhau trong vi&#7879;c truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u (<a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/data-storytelling">Data Story-telling</a>) t&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c. Trong m&#7897;t v&#224;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p, d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7921;c quan b&#7857;ng c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p, m&#224; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n th&#7875; hi&#7879;n d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng b&#7843;ng bi&#7875;u l&#224; &#273;&#7911;. V&#236; v&#7853;y, n&#7871;u hi&#7875;u r&#245; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p, vi&#7879;c tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; mang l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; nh&#7845;t cho ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c. Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, Insight Ouch s&#7869; c&#249;ng b&#7841;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng v&#224; c&#225;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng r&#7897;ng r&#227;i khi tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>C&#225;ch l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, &#273;&#7891; th&#7883; ph&#249; h&#7907;p khi tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o_eu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4e41882-3510-4b9f-8664-69f6931efdbd_2048x1536.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o_eu!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4e41882-3510-4b9f-8664-69f6931efdbd_2048x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o_eu!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4e41882-3510-4b9f-8664-69f6931efdbd_2048x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o_eu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4e41882-3510-4b9f-8664-69f6931efdbd_2048x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o_eu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4e41882-3510-4b9f-8664-69f6931efdbd_2048x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o_eu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4e41882-3510-4b9f-8664-69f6931efdbd_2048x1536.png" width="1456" height="1092" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c4e41882-3510-4b9f-8664-69f6931efdbd_2048x1536.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1092,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o_eu!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4e41882-3510-4b9f-8664-69f6931efdbd_2048x1536.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o_eu!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4e41882-3510-4b9f-8664-69f6931efdbd_2048x1536.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o_eu!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4e41882-3510-4b9f-8664-69f6931efdbd_2048x1536.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!o_eu!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc4e41882-3510-4b9f-8664-69f6931efdbd_2048x1536.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>H&#236;nh &#7843;nh minh h&#7885;a b&#234;n tr&#234;n l&#224; m&#7897;t &#8220;Decision Tree - C&#226;y quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh&#8221;, n&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7893;ng quan v&#7873; m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch s&#7917;a d&#7909;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t s&#7889; lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ti&#234;u bi&#7875;u. Nh&#236;n chung, s&#417; &#273;&#7891; tr&#234;n &#273;&#432;a ra h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n &#273;&#7875; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; theo 2 m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch ch&#237;nh:</p><ul><li><p>Th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; c&#7911;a 2 hay nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i nhau.</p></li><li><p>Th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7909; th&#7875;.</p></li></ul><p>C&#225;c v&#237; d&#7909; minh h&#7885;a v&#224; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i s&#7869; &#273;&#432;a ra g&#243;c nh&#236;n c&#7909; th&#7875; h&#417;n v&#7873; m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#236;nh b&#224;y b&#234;n tr&#234;n.</p><h2><strong>Single Value - Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7909; th&#7875;</strong></h2><h4><strong>1. Single Value Chart</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QOyV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2493478d-255f-4d07-a753-aaae6538046f_500x305.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QOyV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2493478d-255f-4d07-a753-aaae6538046f_500x305.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QOyV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2493478d-255f-4d07-a753-aaae6538046f_500x305.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QOyV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2493478d-255f-4d07-a753-aaae6538046f_500x305.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QOyV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2493478d-255f-4d07-a753-aaae6538046f_500x305.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QOyV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2493478d-255f-4d07-a753-aaae6538046f_500x305.png" width="500" height="305" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2493478d-255f-4d07-a753-aaae6538046f_500x305.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:305,&quot;width&quot;:500,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QOyV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2493478d-255f-4d07-a753-aaae6538046f_500x305.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QOyV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2493478d-255f-4d07-a753-aaae6538046f_500x305.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QOyV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2493478d-255f-4d07-a753-aaae6538046f_500x305.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QOyV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2493478d-255f-4d07-a753-aaae6538046f_500x305.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Single Value Chart th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c nhanh ch&#243;ng n&#7855;m b&#7855;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#244;ng tin c&#7911;a m&#7897;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7909; th&#7875;. &#7902; h&#236;nh minh h&#7885;a ph&#237;a tr&#234;n, Single Value Chart s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o s&#7921; n&#7893;i b&#7853;t v&#224; thu h&#250;t s&#7921; ch&#250; &#253; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i Operation Cost (chi ph&#237; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh) - m&#7897;t ch&#7881; s&#7889; kh&#225; quan tr&#7885;ng m&#224; h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c qu&#7843;n l&#253; c&#7845;p cao c&#7847;n n&#7855;m r&#245;.</p><h4><strong>2. Single Value Indicator Chart&#8217;</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPey!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfc79593-9bd3-46ea-b9b9-8ecc527e2400_425x305.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPey!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfc79593-9bd3-46ea-b9b9-8ecc527e2400_425x305.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPey!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfc79593-9bd3-46ea-b9b9-8ecc527e2400_425x305.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPey!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfc79593-9bd3-46ea-b9b9-8ecc527e2400_425x305.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPey!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfc79593-9bd3-46ea-b9b9-8ecc527e2400_425x305.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPey!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfc79593-9bd3-46ea-b9b9-8ecc527e2400_425x305.png" width="425" height="305" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dfc79593-9bd3-46ea-b9b9-8ecc527e2400_425x305.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:305,&quot;width&quot;:425,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPey!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfc79593-9bd3-46ea-b9b9-8ecc527e2400_425x305.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPey!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfc79593-9bd3-46ea-b9b9-8ecc527e2400_425x305.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPey!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfc79593-9bd3-46ea-b9b9-8ecc527e2400_425x305.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BPey!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdfc79593-9bd3-46ea-b9b9-8ecc527e2400_425x305.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Kh&#225;c v&#7899;i Single Value Chart, ngo&#224;i vi&#7879;c l&#224;m cho ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c nhanh ch&#243;ng ch&#250; &#253; &#273;&#7871;n metric quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#236;nh b&#224;y, lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y c&#242;n g&#7855;n th&#234;m m&#7897;t Indicator (Ch&#7881; b&#225;o) b&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#7875; cho th&#7845;y s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><h4><strong>3. Bullet Chart</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Izze!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95dd8834-bb80-45ae-a7bd-2eb688ee4116_523x311.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Izze!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95dd8834-bb80-45ae-a7bd-2eb688ee4116_523x311.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Izze!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95dd8834-bb80-45ae-a7bd-2eb688ee4116_523x311.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Izze!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95dd8834-bb80-45ae-a7bd-2eb688ee4116_523x311.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Izze!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95dd8834-bb80-45ae-a7bd-2eb688ee4116_523x311.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Izze!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95dd8834-bb80-45ae-a7bd-2eb688ee4116_523x311.png" width="523" height="311" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/95dd8834-bb80-45ae-a7bd-2eb688ee4116_523x311.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:311,&quot;width&quot;:523,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Izze!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95dd8834-bb80-45ae-a7bd-2eb688ee4116_523x311.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Izze!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95dd8834-bb80-45ae-a7bd-2eb688ee4116_523x311.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Izze!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95dd8834-bb80-45ae-a7bd-2eb688ee4116_523x311.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Izze!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F95dd8834-bb80-45ae-a7bd-2eb688ee4116_523x311.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bullet Chart c&#361;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n metric quan tr&#7885;ng. &#272;i&#7875;m &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t c&#7911;a lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y l&#224; n&#243; &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i ph&#7843;n &#225;nh hi&#7879;n tr&#7841;ng c&#7911;a metric so v&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u.</p><h2><strong>Multiple Values - Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n s&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng quan c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h2><p>Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#243; 4 nh&#243;m bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Relationship</strong>: &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u ri&#234;ng bi&#7879;t.</p></li><li><p><strong>Comparison</strong>: &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh hai ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i nhau.</p></li><li><p><strong>Composition</strong>: &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m n&#7893;i b&#7853;t t&#7927; tr&#7885;ng th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u so v&#7899;i t&#7893;ng th&#7875; m&#224; ch&#250;ng t&#7841;o n&#234;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>Distribution</strong>: &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c d&#7877; d&#224;ng h&#236;nh dung &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; ph&#226;n b&#7893; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#234;n tr&#234;n m&#7897;t ph&#7841;m vi.</p></li></ul><h3><strong>Relationship - Th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u ri&#234;ng bi&#7879;t</strong></h3><h4><strong>1. Scatter Plot (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; t&#225;n x&#7841;)</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i_jH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84f53630-6a6d-45c8-8c50-7f7c364330af_708x620.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i_jH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84f53630-6a6d-45c8-8c50-7f7c364330af_708x620.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i_jH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84f53630-6a6d-45c8-8c50-7f7c364330af_708x620.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i_jH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84f53630-6a6d-45c8-8c50-7f7c364330af_708x620.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i_jH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84f53630-6a6d-45c8-8c50-7f7c364330af_708x620.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i_jH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84f53630-6a6d-45c8-8c50-7f7c364330af_708x620.png" width="708" height="620" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/84f53630-6a6d-45c8-8c50-7f7c364330af_708x620.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:620,&quot;width&quot;:708,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i_jH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84f53630-6a6d-45c8-8c50-7f7c364330af_708x620.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i_jH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84f53630-6a6d-45c8-8c50-7f7c364330af_708x620.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i_jH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84f53630-6a6d-45c8-8c50-7f7c364330af_708x620.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!i_jH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84f53630-6a6d-45c8-8c50-7f7c364330af_708x620.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Scatter Plot ( Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; t&#225;n x&#7841;) th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a 2 bi&#7871;n s&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng (Quantitative Variables). M&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a 2 bi&#7871;n s&#7889; &#7845;y s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n d&#432;&#7899;i c&#225;c d&#7841;ng ch&#7845;m tr&#242;n tr&#234;n &#273;&#7891; th&#7883;, v&#7899;i m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho tr&#7909;c tung v&#224; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7841;i tr&#234;n cho tr&#7921;c ho&#224;nh. M&#7895;i ch&#7845;m tr&#242;n tr&#234;n &#273;&#7891; th&#7883; c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; khi x = n&#224;y th&#236; gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a y t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng v&#7899;i &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#243; tr&#234;n tr&#7909;c y.</p><h4><strong>2. Bubble Plot (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; bong b&#243;ng)</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DVvb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6246f110-fb61-4350-835a-d3e76592bbaf_710x617.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DVvb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6246f110-fb61-4350-835a-d3e76592bbaf_710x617.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DVvb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6246f110-fb61-4350-835a-d3e76592bbaf_710x617.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DVvb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6246f110-fb61-4350-835a-d3e76592bbaf_710x617.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DVvb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6246f110-fb61-4350-835a-d3e76592bbaf_710x617.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DVvb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6246f110-fb61-4350-835a-d3e76592bbaf_710x617.png" width="710" height="617" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6246f110-fb61-4350-835a-d3e76592bbaf_710x617.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:617,&quot;width&quot;:710,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DVvb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6246f110-fb61-4350-835a-d3e76592bbaf_710x617.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DVvb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6246f110-fb61-4350-835a-d3e76592bbaf_710x617.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DVvb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6246f110-fb61-4350-835a-d3e76592bbaf_710x617.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!DVvb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6246f110-fb61-4350-835a-d3e76592bbaf_710x617.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; Scatter Plot, c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m tr&#242;n c&#361;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a 2 bi&#7871;n s&#7889; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n &#7903; tr&#7909;c tung v&#224; tr&#7909;c ho&#224;nh. Ngo&#224;i ra, <strong>k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c</strong> c&#7911;a c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m tr&#242;n &#7845;y c&#361;ng &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n cho m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c. V&#7853;y, c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u l&#224;, Bubble Plot (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; bong b&#243;ng) th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a 3 bi&#7871;n s&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng.</p><h3><strong>Comparison - So s&#225;nh hai ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i nhau</strong></h3><h4><strong>1. Bar Chart (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t)</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8jAn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42c4147e-2713-4485-b161-82c37e2b4caf_539x493.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8jAn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42c4147e-2713-4485-b161-82c37e2b4caf_539x493.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8jAn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42c4147e-2713-4485-b161-82c37e2b4caf_539x493.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8jAn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42c4147e-2713-4485-b161-82c37e2b4caf_539x493.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8jAn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42c4147e-2713-4485-b161-82c37e2b4caf_539x493.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8jAn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42c4147e-2713-4485-b161-82c37e2b4caf_539x493.png" width="539" height="493" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/42c4147e-2713-4485-b161-82c37e2b4caf_539x493.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:493,&quot;width&quot;:539,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8jAn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42c4147e-2713-4485-b161-82c37e2b4caf_539x493.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8jAn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42c4147e-2713-4485-b161-82c37e2b4caf_539x493.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8jAn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42c4147e-2713-4485-b161-82c37e2b4caf_539x493.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8jAn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F42c4147e-2713-4485-b161-82c37e2b4caf_539x493.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Bar charts s&#7869; l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p khi c&#7847;n so s&#225;nh s&#7921; ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch c&#7911;a c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau trong c&#249;ng m&#7897;t m&#7889;c th&#7901;i gian c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh.</p><h4><strong>2. Line Chart (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng)</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eVFg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4aaaae51-f896-44df-bec5-f5de06773a53_728x500.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eVFg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4aaaae51-f896-44df-bec5-f5de06773a53_728x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eVFg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4aaaae51-f896-44df-bec5-f5de06773a53_728x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eVFg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4aaaae51-f896-44df-bec5-f5de06773a53_728x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eVFg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4aaaae51-f896-44df-bec5-f5de06773a53_728x500.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eVFg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4aaaae51-f896-44df-bec5-f5de06773a53_728x500.png" width="728" height="500" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4aaaae51-f896-44df-bec5-f5de06773a53_728x500.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:500,&quot;width&quot;:728,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eVFg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4aaaae51-f896-44df-bec5-f5de06773a53_728x500.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eVFg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4aaaae51-f896-44df-bec5-f5de06773a53_728x500.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eVFg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4aaaae51-f896-44df-bec5-f5de06773a53_728x500.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eVFg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4aaaae51-f896-44df-bec5-f5de06773a53_728x500.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Khi mu&#7889;n th&#7875; hi&#7879;n xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng, v&#224; di&#7877;n bi&#7871;n li&#234;n t&#7909;c c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong 1 kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian, Line chart s&#7869; l&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y.</p><h3><strong>Composition - S&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m n&#7893;i b&#7853;t t&#7927; tr&#7885;ng th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u so v&#7899;i t&#7893;ng th&#7875; m&#224; ch&#250;ng t&#7841;o n&#234;n</strong></h3><h4><strong>1. Area Chart (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; khu v&#7921;c)</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rEeR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2532a25-98b8-428d-b15e-6dc4b414145f_805x539.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rEeR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2532a25-98b8-428d-b15e-6dc4b414145f_805x539.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rEeR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2532a25-98b8-428d-b15e-6dc4b414145f_805x539.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rEeR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2532a25-98b8-428d-b15e-6dc4b414145f_805x539.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rEeR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2532a25-98b8-428d-b15e-6dc4b414145f_805x539.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rEeR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2532a25-98b8-428d-b15e-6dc4b414145f_805x539.png" width="805" height="539" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f2532a25-98b8-428d-b15e-6dc4b414145f_805x539.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:539,&quot;width&quot;:805,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rEeR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2532a25-98b8-428d-b15e-6dc4b414145f_805x539.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rEeR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2532a25-98b8-428d-b15e-6dc4b414145f_805x539.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rEeR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2532a25-98b8-428d-b15e-6dc4b414145f_805x539.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rEeR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2532a25-98b8-428d-b15e-6dc4b414145f_805x539.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>V&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n, c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u Area chart (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; khu v&#7921;c) l&#224; m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng, nh&#432;ng t&#7915; ph&#7847;n b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i c&#7911;a &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7871;n tr&#7909;c ho&#224;nh s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#244; m&#224;u. Vi&#7879;c t&#244; m&#224;u s&#7869; gi&#250;p cho ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c d&#7877; d&#224;ng h&#236;nh dung &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u so v&#7899;i t&#7893;ng th&#7875;. V&#7853;y n&#234;n, c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u r&#7857;ng, Area Chart &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; cho th&#7845;y m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; c&#7911;a c&#225;c ph&#7847;n v&#7899;i t&#7893;ng th&#7875; qua m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian.</p><h4><strong>2.</strong> <strong>Pie Chart</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pOsb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1082b76a-2003-4101-bfeb-30493f34e3ac_612x550.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pOsb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1082b76a-2003-4101-bfeb-30493f34e3ac_612x550.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pOsb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1082b76a-2003-4101-bfeb-30493f34e3ac_612x550.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pOsb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1082b76a-2003-4101-bfeb-30493f34e3ac_612x550.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pOsb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1082b76a-2003-4101-bfeb-30493f34e3ac_612x550.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pOsb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1082b76a-2003-4101-bfeb-30493f34e3ac_612x550.png" width="612" height="550" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1082b76a-2003-4101-bfeb-30493f34e3ac_612x550.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:550,&quot;width&quot;:612,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pOsb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1082b76a-2003-4101-bfeb-30493f34e3ac_612x550.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pOsb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1082b76a-2003-4101-bfeb-30493f34e3ac_612x550.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pOsb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1082b76a-2003-4101-bfeb-30493f34e3ac_612x550.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pOsb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1082b76a-2003-4101-bfeb-30493f34e3ac_612x550.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Pie Chart (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#242;n) th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n t&#7927; tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n so v&#7899;i t&#7893;ng th&#7875;. C&#225;c th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n trong bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#242;n s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u th&#7883; d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m, v&#224; t&#7893;ng c&#7911;a t&#7845;t c&#7843; th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; l&#224; 100%.</p><h3><strong>Distribution - S&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c d&#7877; d&#224;ng h&#236;nh dung s&#7921; ph&#226;n b&#7893; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#234;n tr&#234;n m&#7897;t ph&#7841;m vi</strong></h3><h4><strong>1. Map</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AjpO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682b0ff6-29f1-4059-8641-b02f1bc21393_582x515.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AjpO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682b0ff6-29f1-4059-8641-b02f1bc21393_582x515.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AjpO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682b0ff6-29f1-4059-8641-b02f1bc21393_582x515.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AjpO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682b0ff6-29f1-4059-8641-b02f1bc21393_582x515.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AjpO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682b0ff6-29f1-4059-8641-b02f1bc21393_582x515.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AjpO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682b0ff6-29f1-4059-8641-b02f1bc21393_582x515.png" width="582" height="515" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/682b0ff6-29f1-4059-8641-b02f1bc21393_582x515.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:515,&quot;width&quot;:582,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AjpO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682b0ff6-29f1-4059-8641-b02f1bc21393_582x515.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AjpO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682b0ff6-29f1-4059-8641-b02f1bc21393_582x515.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AjpO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682b0ff6-29f1-4059-8641-b02f1bc21393_582x515.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AjpO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F682b0ff6-29f1-4059-8641-b02f1bc21393_582x515.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Map (B&#7843;n &#273;&#7891;) th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; cho th&#7845;y s&#7921; ph&#226;n b&#7893; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong t&#7915;ng khu v&#7921;c &#273;&#7883;a l&#253;-ch&#237;nh tr&#7883; kh&#225;c nhau m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7893;ng quan. Nh&#432; v&#237; d&#7909; tr&#234;n, ng&#432;&#7901;i xem bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#243; th&#7875; nhanh ch&#243;ng nh&#7853;n ra &#7903; khu v&#7921;c n&#224;o &#273;ang c&#243; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng Users nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t, v&#224; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i.</p><h4><strong>2. Bubble Map</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qw-h!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e67c258-e005-44c8-b868-c5d3f2964e29_655x514.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qw-h!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e67c258-e005-44c8-b868-c5d3f2964e29_655x514.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qw-h!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e67c258-e005-44c8-b868-c5d3f2964e29_655x514.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qw-h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e67c258-e005-44c8-b868-c5d3f2964e29_655x514.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qw-h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e67c258-e005-44c8-b868-c5d3f2964e29_655x514.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qw-h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e67c258-e005-44c8-b868-c5d3f2964e29_655x514.png" width="655" height="514" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6e67c258-e005-44c8-b868-c5d3f2964e29_655x514.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:514,&quot;width&quot;:655,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qw-h!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e67c258-e005-44c8-b868-c5d3f2964e29_655x514.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qw-h!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e67c258-e005-44c8-b868-c5d3f2964e29_655x514.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qw-h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e67c258-e005-44c8-b868-c5d3f2964e29_655x514.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qw-h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e67c258-e005-44c8-b868-c5d3f2964e29_655x514.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bubble Map (b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; bong b&#243;ng) s&#7869; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t h&#7919;u &#237;ch khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m n&#7893;i b&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; ph&#7911; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7841;i c&#225;c khu v&#7921;c &#273;&#7883;a l&#253; c&#7909; th&#7875;.</p><h4><strong>3. Funnel Chart</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FEFB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ae00d5-a145-4b72-8958-ca5c3f9d2bf3_506x550.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FEFB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ae00d5-a145-4b72-8958-ca5c3f9d2bf3_506x550.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FEFB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ae00d5-a145-4b72-8958-ca5c3f9d2bf3_506x550.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FEFB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ae00d5-a145-4b72-8958-ca5c3f9d2bf3_506x550.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FEFB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ae00d5-a145-4b72-8958-ca5c3f9d2bf3_506x550.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FEFB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ae00d5-a145-4b72-8958-ca5c3f9d2bf3_506x550.png" width="506" height="550" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/79ae00d5-a145-4b72-8958-ca5c3f9d2bf3_506x550.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:550,&quot;width&quot;:506,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FEFB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ae00d5-a145-4b72-8958-ca5c3f9d2bf3_506x550.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FEFB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ae00d5-a145-4b72-8958-ca5c3f9d2bf3_506x550.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FEFB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ae00d5-a145-4b72-8958-ca5c3f9d2bf3_506x550.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FEFB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F79ae00d5-a145-4b72-8958-ca5c3f9d2bf3_506x550.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Funnel Chart (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; h&#236;nh ph&#7877;u) c&#243; l&#7869; l&#224; lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; kh&#225; quen thu&#7897;c &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang l&#224;m ho&#7863;c theo h&#7885;c ng&#224;nh Marketing. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; s&#7921; ph&#226;n b&#7893; c&#7911;a m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong t&#7915;ng giai &#273;o&#7841;n c&#7911;a ph&#7877;u, c&#242;n to&#224;n b&#7897; giai &#273;o&#7841;n c&#7911;a ph&#7877;u th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t quy tr&#236;nh.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/chon-bieu-do?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/chon-bieu-do?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/chon-bieu-do?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2><strong>&#193;p d&#7909;ng v&#224;o Case th&#7921;c t&#7871; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong></h2><p>C&#249;ng t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#237; d&#7909; b&#234;n d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u r&#245; vi&#7879;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng c&#225;c ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c b&#234;n tr&#234;n v&#224;o m&#7897;t y&#234;u c&#7847;u tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a c&#7909; th&#7875;.</p><p>Gi&#7843; s&#7917;, b&#7841;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&#234;u c&#7847;u l&#224;m 1 Dashboard bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c lo&#7841;i metrics v&#224; ch&#7881; &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7873; c&#225;ch tr&#236;nh b&#224;y nh&#432; sau:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Wnk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02be67df-7350-4472-82dd-976a85aa3727_1196x426.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Wnk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02be67df-7350-4472-82dd-976a85aa3727_1196x426.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Wnk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02be67df-7350-4472-82dd-976a85aa3727_1196x426.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Wnk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02be67df-7350-4472-82dd-976a85aa3727_1196x426.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Wnk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02be67df-7350-4472-82dd-976a85aa3727_1196x426.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Wnk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02be67df-7350-4472-82dd-976a85aa3727_1196x426.png" width="1196" height="426" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/02be67df-7350-4472-82dd-976a85aa3727_1196x426.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:426,&quot;width&quot;:1196,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Wnk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02be67df-7350-4472-82dd-976a85aa3727_1196x426.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Wnk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02be67df-7350-4472-82dd-976a85aa3727_1196x426.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Wnk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02be67df-7350-4472-82dd-976a85aa3727_1196x426.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1Wnk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02be67df-7350-4472-82dd-976a85aa3727_1196x426.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>* Ch&#250; th&#237;ch b&#7843;ng y&#234;u c&#7847;u tr&#234;n:&nbsp;</p><ul><li><p>Metric: C&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n trong Dashboard.</p></li><li><p>Aggregation: C&#225;ch th&#7913;c t&#237;nh to&#225;n Metric t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng.</p></li><li><p>Grouping: C&#225;ch m&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c Dashboard mu&#7889;n nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p></li><li><p>Filtering: C&#225;ch m&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c Dashboard mu&#7889;n filter Data.</p></li></ul><p>&#193;p d&#7909;ng nh&#7919;ng ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c &#7903; tr&#234;n, ta c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&#234;u c&#7847;u nh&#432; sau:</p><h4><strong>1. Operations Cost (Chi ph&#237; v&#7853;n h&#224;nh)</strong></h4><p>&#272;&#7875; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n Operations Cost, ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&#234;u c&#7847;u bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n theo 3 d&#7841;ng: Total (T&#7893;ng), Department (Ph&#242;ng ban), v&#224; Month (Th&#225;ng). &#272;&#7875; nhanh ch&#243;ng thu h&#250;t s&#7921; ch&#250; &#253; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c v&#7899;i t&#7893;ng quan Operations Cost, ta c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n Total Operations Cost d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng Single Value.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wz60!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87042728-1d4a-48e1-85d2-60db54daccb8_500x200.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wz60!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87042728-1d4a-48e1-85d2-60db54daccb8_500x200.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wz60!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87042728-1d4a-48e1-85d2-60db54daccb8_500x200.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wz60!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87042728-1d4a-48e1-85d2-60db54daccb8_500x200.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wz60!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87042728-1d4a-48e1-85d2-60db54daccb8_500x200.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wz60!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87042728-1d4a-48e1-85d2-60db54daccb8_500x200.png" width="500" height="200" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/87042728-1d4a-48e1-85d2-60db54daccb8_500x200.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:200,&quot;width&quot;:500,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wz60!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87042728-1d4a-48e1-85d2-60db54daccb8_500x200.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wz60!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87042728-1d4a-48e1-85d2-60db54daccb8_500x200.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wz60!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87042728-1d4a-48e1-85d2-60db54daccb8_500x200.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wz60!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F87042728-1d4a-48e1-85d2-60db54daccb8_500x200.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ti&#7871;p theo, &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c c&#243; g&#243;c nh&#236;n t&#432;&#417;ng quan v&#7873; d&#7919; li&#7879;u Operation Costs c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng Ph&#242;ng ban theo t&#7915;ng Th&#225;ng, ta c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Line Chart (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!psRc!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30822219-18a9-4261-9dc0-d71573712334_1475x675.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!psRc!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30822219-18a9-4261-9dc0-d71573712334_1475x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!psRc!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30822219-18a9-4261-9dc0-d71573712334_1475x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!psRc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30822219-18a9-4261-9dc0-d71573712334_1475x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!psRc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30822219-18a9-4261-9dc0-d71573712334_1475x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!psRc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30822219-18a9-4261-9dc0-d71573712334_1475x675.png" width="1456" height="666" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/30822219-18a9-4261-9dc0-d71573712334_1475x675.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:666,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!psRc!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30822219-18a9-4261-9dc0-d71573712334_1475x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!psRc!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30822219-18a9-4261-9dc0-d71573712334_1475x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!psRc!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30822219-18a9-4261-9dc0-d71573712334_1475x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!psRc!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F30822219-18a9-4261-9dc0-d71573712334_1475x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>* L&#432;u &#253;: V&#7899;i doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#243; nhi&#7873;u ph&#242;ng ban (5-7), vi&#7879;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n chi ph&#237; c&#7911;a t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c ph&#242;ng ban l&#234;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m r&#7889;i m&#7855;t ng&#432;&#7901;i xem. V&#7853;y n&#234;n, h&#227;y c&#7889; g&#7855;ng gi&#7843;m b&#7899;t s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng hi&#7875;n th&#7883; trong bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch nh&#243;m c&#225;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; nh&#7887; v&#224; kh&#244;ng qu&#225; quan tr&#7885;ng th&#224;nh m&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n chung (Other).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVVg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5676bf00-b384-401f-a7a3-a9d2cd061f2c_1475x675.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVVg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5676bf00-b384-401f-a7a3-a9d2cd061f2c_1475x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVVg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5676bf00-b384-401f-a7a3-a9d2cd061f2c_1475x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVVg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5676bf00-b384-401f-a7a3-a9d2cd061f2c_1475x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVVg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5676bf00-b384-401f-a7a3-a9d2cd061f2c_1475x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVVg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5676bf00-b384-401f-a7a3-a9d2cd061f2c_1475x675.png" width="1456" height="666" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5676bf00-b384-401f-a7a3-a9d2cd061f2c_1475x675.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:666,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVVg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5676bf00-b384-401f-a7a3-a9d2cd061f2c_1475x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVVg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5676bf00-b384-401f-a7a3-a9d2cd061f2c_1475x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVVg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5676bf00-b384-401f-a7a3-a9d2cd061f2c_1475x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!kVVg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5676bf00-b384-401f-a7a3-a9d2cd061f2c_1475x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZed!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fc5a9be-8f8f-41f4-8461-facf0bc1665e_1475x675.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZed!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fc5a9be-8f8f-41f4-8461-facf0bc1665e_1475x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZed!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fc5a9be-8f8f-41f4-8461-facf0bc1665e_1475x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZed!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fc5a9be-8f8f-41f4-8461-facf0bc1665e_1475x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZed!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fc5a9be-8f8f-41f4-8461-facf0bc1665e_1475x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZed!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fc5a9be-8f8f-41f4-8461-facf0bc1665e_1475x675.png" width="1456" height="666" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8fc5a9be-8f8f-41f4-8461-facf0bc1665e_1475x675.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:666,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZed!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fc5a9be-8f8f-41f4-8461-facf0bc1665e_1475x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZed!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fc5a9be-8f8f-41f4-8461-facf0bc1665e_1475x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZed!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fc5a9be-8f8f-41f4-8461-facf0bc1665e_1475x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VZed!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fc5a9be-8f8f-41f4-8461-facf0bc1665e_1475x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>2. Revenue (Doanh thu)</strong></h4><p>Gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; Operations Cost, Revenue trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y c&#361;ng n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u th&#7883; d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng Single Value &#273;&#7875; nhanh ch&#243;ng thu h&#250;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; ch&#250; &#253; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i xem Dashboard.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nLTW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36136a04-15f7-4459-b5c9-3f54f881bafd_500x200.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nLTW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36136a04-15f7-4459-b5c9-3f54f881bafd_500x200.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nLTW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36136a04-15f7-4459-b5c9-3f54f881bafd_500x200.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nLTW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36136a04-15f7-4459-b5c9-3f54f881bafd_500x200.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nLTW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36136a04-15f7-4459-b5c9-3f54f881bafd_500x200.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nLTW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36136a04-15f7-4459-b5c9-3f54f881bafd_500x200.png" width="500" height="200" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/36136a04-15f7-4459-b5c9-3f54f881bafd_500x200.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:200,&quot;width&quot;:500,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nLTW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36136a04-15f7-4459-b5c9-3f54f881bafd_500x200.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nLTW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36136a04-15f7-4459-b5c9-3f54f881bafd_500x200.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nLTW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36136a04-15f7-4459-b5c9-3f54f881bafd_500x200.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nLTW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F36136a04-15f7-4459-b5c9-3f54f881bafd_500x200.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4><strong>3. Subscriptions (L&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#259;ng k&#253;)</strong></h4><p>T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;, Subcription trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y c&#361;ng n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u th&#7883; d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng Single Value. Nh&#432;ng, b&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; th&#234;m m&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng &#7903; b&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#7875; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a n&#243; t&#7915; qu&#225; kh&#7913; &#273;&#7871;n th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p34W!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F647509cd-ac34-40be-be05-f16d697400d5_966x235.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p34W!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F647509cd-ac34-40be-be05-f16d697400d5_966x235.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p34W!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F647509cd-ac34-40be-be05-f16d697400d5_966x235.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p34W!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F647509cd-ac34-40be-be05-f16d697400d5_966x235.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p34W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F647509cd-ac34-40be-be05-f16d697400d5_966x235.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p34W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F647509cd-ac34-40be-be05-f16d697400d5_966x235.png" width="966" height="235" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/647509cd-ac34-40be-be05-f16d697400d5_966x235.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:235,&quot;width&quot;:966,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p34W!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F647509cd-ac34-40be-be05-f16d697400d5_966x235.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p34W!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F647509cd-ac34-40be-be05-f16d697400d5_966x235.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p34W!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F647509cd-ac34-40be-be05-f16d697400d5_966x235.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!p34W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F647509cd-ac34-40be-be05-f16d697400d5_966x235.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#234;n Dashboard c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng theo d&#245;i th&#244;ng tin nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong></h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZN3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a5490c-f66f-470f-92c3-724b4e5fb85c_700x462.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZN3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a5490c-f66f-470f-92c3-724b4e5fb85c_700x462.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZN3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a5490c-f66f-470f-92c3-724b4e5fb85c_700x462.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZN3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a5490c-f66f-470f-92c3-724b4e5fb85c_700x462.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZN3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a5490c-f66f-470f-92c3-724b4e5fb85c_700x462.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZN3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a5490c-f66f-470f-92c3-724b4e5fb85c_700x462.png" width="700" height="462" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a4a5490c-f66f-470f-92c3-724b4e5fb85c_700x462.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:462,&quot;width&quot;:700,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZN3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a5490c-f66f-470f-92c3-724b4e5fb85c_700x462.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZN3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a5490c-f66f-470f-92c3-724b4e5fb85c_700x462.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZN3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a5490c-f66f-470f-92c3-724b4e5fb85c_700x462.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!EZN3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa4a5490c-f66f-470f-92c3-724b4e5fb85c_700x462.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sau khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u h&#417;n 100,000 dashboards t&#7841;i Chartio (m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; Business Intelligence), nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra r&#7857;ng, h&#7847;u h&#7871;t l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra l&#224; Table (b&#7843;ng bi&#7875;u), Single value (Th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7909; th&#7875;),... &#272;&#226;y &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; nh&#7919;ng d&#7841;ng tr&#7921;c quan kh&#244;ng h&#7895; tr&#7907; ng&#432;&#7901;i xem qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u trong vi&#7879;c nh&#236;n nh&#7853;n xu h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224; thay &#273;&#7893;i b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng trong v&#7853;n h&#224;nh.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, ph&#7847;n sau c&#7911;a nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u l&#7841;i ch&#7881; ra r&#7857;ng, Bar-line chart (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng), Bubble chart (bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; bong b&#243;ng), Bullet chart, Single value, v&#224; Bar chart (bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t) l&#7841;i l&#224; nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#243; l&#432;&#7907;ng xem trung b&#236;nh nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t khi ng&#432;&#7901;i xem ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n v&#7899;i Dashboards.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lddw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b515239-d8be-4da4-afad-31047b31bbc5_700x462.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lddw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b515239-d8be-4da4-afad-31047b31bbc5_700x462.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lddw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b515239-d8be-4da4-afad-31047b31bbc5_700x462.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lddw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b515239-d8be-4da4-afad-31047b31bbc5_700x462.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lddw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b515239-d8be-4da4-afad-31047b31bbc5_700x462.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lddw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b515239-d8be-4da4-afad-31047b31bbc5_700x462.png" width="700" height="462" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5b515239-d8be-4da4-afad-31047b31bbc5_700x462.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:462,&quot;width&quot;:700,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lddw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b515239-d8be-4da4-afad-31047b31bbc5_700x462.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lddw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b515239-d8be-4da4-afad-31047b31bbc5_700x462.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lddw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b515239-d8be-4da4-afad-31047b31bbc5_700x462.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lddw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b515239-d8be-4da4-afad-31047b31bbc5_700x462.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Hi v&#7885;ng r&#7857;ng, t&#7915; nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u tr&#234;n, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#243; th&#234;m g&#243;c nh&#236;n v&#7873; thi&#234;n h&#432;&#7899;ng xem bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n nh&#7919;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; th&#226;n thi&#7879;n h&#417;n v&#7899;i h&#7885; trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; t&#243;m t&#7855;t l&#7841;i n&#7897;i dung ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a b&#224;i vi&#7871;t, c&#243; 2 &#253; ch&#237;nh b&#7841;n n&#234;n ghi nh&#7899; &#273;&#7875; ch&#7885;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#249; h&#7907;p, gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; d&#7877; d&#224;ng h&#417;n trong vi&#7879;c t&#236;m ki&#7871;m c&#225;c Insights.</p><ul><li><p>Khi quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng m&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;o &#273;&#243;, h&#227;y xem x&#233;t k&#297; v&#7873;<strong> lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong> m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#243; v&#224; <strong>&#273;i&#7873;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n th&#7875; hi&#7879;n </strong>cho ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;.</p></li><li><p>Khi mu&#7889;n th&#7875; hi&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong c&#249;ng m&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, h&#227;y quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh xem b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; g&#236; gi&#7919;a ch&#250;ng: Relationship, Comparison, Composition, hay Distribution. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#249; h&#7907;p h&#417;n.</p></li></ul><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t s&#7899;m nh&#7845;t nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; Data.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p>Tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u (data visualization) hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c Dashboard c&#243; th&#7875; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m v&#224; khai th&#225;c c&#225;c insight qu&#253; gi&#225; t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Qua &#273;&#243;, h&#7885; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh mang t&#237;nh &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng t&#237;ch c&#7921;c cho doanh nghi&#7879;p.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=bottom_banner&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=cach-chon-loai-bieu-do-metrics" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKqd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c02f24-3cb9-4369-98fc-125947b4a816_1024x650.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKqd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c02f24-3cb9-4369-98fc-125947b4a816_1024x650.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKqd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c02f24-3cb9-4369-98fc-125947b4a816_1024x650.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKqd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c02f24-3cb9-4369-98fc-125947b4a816_1024x650.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKqd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c02f24-3cb9-4369-98fc-125947b4a816_1024x650.jpeg" width="1024" height="650" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/90c02f24-3cb9-4369-98fc-125947b4a816_1024x650.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:650,&quot;width&quot;:1024,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=bottom_banner&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=cach-chon-loai-bieu-do-metrics&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKqd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c02f24-3cb9-4369-98fc-125947b4a816_1024x650.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKqd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c02f24-3cb9-4369-98fc-125947b4a816_1024x650.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKqd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c02f24-3cb9-4369-98fc-125947b4a816_1024x650.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IKqd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F90c02f24-3cb9-4369-98fc-125947b4a816_1024x650.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong th&#7871; gi&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u ng&#224;y nay, vi&#7879;c hi&#7875;u v&#224; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n s&#7889; li&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; l&#224; r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n chinh ph&#7909;c ngh&#7879; thu&#7853;t l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#249; h&#7907;p, bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244; khan th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng h&#236;nh &#7843;nh tr&#7921;c quan &#273;&#7847;y s&#7913;c thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c, h&#227;y tham kh&#7843;o kh&#243;a h&#7885;c <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=bottom_banner&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=cach-chon-loai-bieu-do-metrics">Excel &amp; AI for Analytics</a> ngay h&#244;m nay.</p><p>Tham gia kh&#243;a h&#7885;c, b&#7841;n s&#7869;:</p><ul><li><p>N&#7855;m v&#7919;ng ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c v&#7873; c&#225;c lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#224; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; cho t&#7915;ng lo&#7841;i metrics.</p></li><li><p>T&#7921; tin s&#225;ng t&#7841;o nh&#7919;ng dashboards &#7845;n t&#432;&#7907;ng, truy&#7873;n t&#7843;i th&#244;ng tin m&#7897;t c&#225;ch r&#245; r&#224;ng v&#224; s&#250;c t&#237;ch.</p></li><li><p>N&#226;ng cao k&#7929; n&#259;ng thu th&#7853;p, t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p, l&#224;m s&#7841;ch v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u, &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh s&#225;ng su&#7889;t d&#7921;a tr&#234;n insights t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p></li></ul><p>H&#227;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay kh&#243;a h&#7885;c "Data Visualization and Analytics with Excel" v&#224; m&#7903; kh&#243;a ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng v&#244; h&#7841;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=data-visualization-cach-chon-bieu-do" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gk96!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02084b5a-b584-4ea3-8907-17831300b89e_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gk96!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02084b5a-b584-4ea3-8907-17831300b89e_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gk96!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02084b5a-b584-4ea3-8907-17831300b89e_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gk96!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02084b5a-b584-4ea3-8907-17831300b89e_1665x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gk96!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02084b5a-b584-4ea3-8907-17831300b89e_1665x697.jpeg" width="1456" height="610" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/02084b5a-b584-4ea3-8907-17831300b89e_1665x697.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:610,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:122536,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=data-visualization-cach-chon-bieu-do&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/i/150830230?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02084b5a-b584-4ea3-8907-17831300b89e_1665x697.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gk96!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02084b5a-b584-4ea3-8907-17831300b89e_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gk96!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02084b5a-b584-4ea3-8907-17831300b89e_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gk96!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02084b5a-b584-4ea3-8907-17831300b89e_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gk96!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02084b5a-b584-4ea3-8907-17831300b89e_1665x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n ph&#7843;i ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i c&#225;c b&#225;o c&#225;o &#273;&#7847;y d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch khai th&#225;c tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m Insights v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c, &#273;&#7915;ng b&#7887; l&#7905; <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=data-visualization-cach-chon-bieu-do">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics</a> c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers. Kh&#243;a h&#7885;c cung c&#7845;p t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u, gi&#250;p b&#7841;n t&#7921; tin h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c hi&#7875;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u, nh&#7857;m &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh kh&#225;ch quan, &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7855;n h&#417;n.</p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Kể chuyện bằng dữ liệu (data storytelling) không khó chỉ với 4 bước]]></title><description><![CDATA[N&#7871;u sau khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i c&#7843; lo&#7841;t nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889; kh&#244; khan m&#224; l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i, truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin quan tr&#7885;ng th&#236; vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#242;n nhi&#7873;u &#253; ngh&#297;a. &#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#250;c kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m Data Storytelling xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n.]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/4-buoc-data-storytelling</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/4-buoc-data-storytelling</guid><pubDate>Mon, 28 Oct 2024 07:26:47 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6088f776-41ae-4f30-8f3b-fc606b60bbae_2048x1300.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tVzR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6088f776-41ae-4f30-8f3b-fc606b60bbae_2048x1300.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tVzR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6088f776-41ae-4f30-8f3b-fc606b60bbae_2048x1300.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tVzR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6088f776-41ae-4f30-8f3b-fc606b60bbae_2048x1300.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tVzR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6088f776-41ae-4f30-8f3b-fc606b60bbae_2048x1300.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tVzR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6088f776-41ae-4f30-8f3b-fc606b60bbae_2048x1300.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>R&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u doanh nghi&#7879;p hi&#7879;n nay &#273;&#227; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-driven-marketing-la-gi/">&#7913;ng d&#7909;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224;o qu&#225; tr&#236;nh qu&#7843;n l&#253;, kinh doanh</a>. Tuy nhi&#234;n, sau c&#7843; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh d&#224;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i c&#7843; lo&#7841;t nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889; kh&#244; khan, m&#224; c&#225;c nh&#226;n vi&#234;n l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i, truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin quan tr&#7885;ng t&#7899;i s&#7871;p v&#224; &#273;&#7891;ng nghi&#7879;p th&#236; vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng c&#242;n nhi&#7873;u &#253; ngh&#297;a.</p><p>&#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#250;c kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m <a href="https://open.substack.com/pub/insightouch/p/data-storytelling?r=49q4sn&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true">Data Storytelling (K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u)</a> v&#224; Data Stories (C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u) xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n. C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#250;p b&#7841;n truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t c&#225;c th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u mu&#7889;n n&#243;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch r&#245; r&#224;ng v&#224; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n - &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i nghe hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, g&#243;p ph&#7847;n &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p ch&#237;nh x&#225;c h&#417;n trong c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c.&nbsp;</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch &#8220;k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n&#8221;, h&#227;y tham kh&#7843;o 4 b&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; c&#225;c tips d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u h&#7845;p d&#7851;n, c&#243; t&#237;nh thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c cao nh&#233;!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><h3><strong>1. Data Stories (C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u) l&#224; g&#236;?&nbsp;</strong></h3><p>Data Stories (C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u) l&#224; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch c&#225;ch th&#7913;c v&#224; l&#253; do d&#7919; li&#7879;u thay &#273;&#7893;i theo th&#7901;i gian &#8212; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#236;nh b&#224;y qua h&#236;nh &#7843;nh.&nbsp;</p><p>Data Storytelling (K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u) l&#224; h&#236;nh th&#7913;c k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n th&#244;ng qua s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#7921;c t&#7871;, nh&#7857;m truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t data insights m&#7897;t c&#225;ch s&#7889;ng &#273;&#7897;ng, d&#7877; hi&#7875;u, thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/cohort-analysis-la-gi/">C&#225;ch t&#236;m Insights trong Google Analytics</a></p><p>C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7889;t c&#243; ba y&#7871;u t&#7889; ch&#237;nh:</p><ul><li><p>D&#7919; li&#7879;u</p></li><li><p>H&#236;nh &#7843;nh</p></li><li><p>C&#7889;t truy&#7879;n (Narrative)</p></li></ul><p>C&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; n&#224;y k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i nhau, t&#7841;o ra b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh, t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng c&#7909; th&#7875; r&#7891;i &#273;&#432;a nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin quan tr&#7885;ng theo tr&#236;nh t&#7921; logic v&#224; nh&#7845;n m&#7841;nh c&#225;c ph&#7847;n tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m, gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i nghe, ng&#432;&#7901;i xem d&#7877; d&#224;ng &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c.&nbsp;</p><p>Khi x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u, h&#227;y ch&#250; &#253; &#273;&#7915;ng nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n gi&#7919;a Data Stories (C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u) v&#224; Data Visualization (Tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u). D&#249; hai kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m n&#224;y c&#243; s&#7921; li&#234;n k&#7871;t nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t.&nbsp;</p><p>Data Visualization (Tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u) ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; s&#7921; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#7863;c th&#244;ng tin th&#224;nh bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, &#273;&#7891; th&#7883; ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng tr&#7921;c quan kh&#225;c. Vi&#7879;c tr&#7921;c quan ho&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u cho ph&#233;p c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh d&#7877; d&#224;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#236;n th&#7845;y h&#417;n.</p><p>S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t &#7903; ch&#7895;: C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#250;p kh&#225;n gi&#7843; hi&#7875;u nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u; c&#242;n Data Visualization (Tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u) ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; s&#7921; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#7863;c th&#244;ng tin th&#224;nh bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, &#273;&#7891; th&#7883; ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng tr&#7921;c quan kh&#225;c. Vi&#7879;c tr&#7921;c quan ho&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u cho ph&#233;p c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh d&#7877; d&#224;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#236;n th&#7845;y h&#417;n. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch minh ho&#7841; c&#225;c c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n, gi&#250;p b&#7841;n truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t c&#225;c ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#236;nh m&#7897;t c&#225;ch thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c v&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n.</p><h3><strong>2. T&#7841;i sao Data Storytelling l&#7841;i quan tr&#7885;ng?</strong></h3><p><strong>Th&#244;ng tin d&#7877; nh&#7899;, d&#7877; hi&#7875;u v&#224; d&#7877; h&#236;nh dung h&#417;n: </strong>B&#7897; n&#227;o c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7841;nh &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; h&#236;nh &#7843;nh nhanh h&#417;n ng&#244;n ng&#7919;. Vi&#7879;c c&#243; th&#7875; &#8220;nh&#236;n th&#7845;y&#8221; d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i nghe, ng&#432;&#7901;i xem d&#7877; hi&#7875;u h&#417;n nhi&#7873;u. C&#249;ng v&#7899;i b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh v&#224; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n, h&#7885; c&#242;n c&#243; th&#7875; ghi nh&#7899; l&#226;u h&#417;n, c&#7843;m th&#7845;y n&#7897;i dung &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#236;nh b&#224;y h&#7845;p d&#7851;n, thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c h&#417;n.</p><p><strong>Gi&#250;p cho vi&#7879;c &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n s&#7889; li&#7879;u nhanh, d&#7877; d&#224;ng v&#224; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c h&#417;n: </strong>Theo nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u t&#7915; c&#225;c nh&#224; th&#7847;n kinh h&#7885;c, quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7911;a con ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7921;a v&#224;o c&#7843;m x&#250;c ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n theo logic n&#224;o &#273;&#243; nh&#432; ch&#250;ng ta v&#7851;n ngh&#297;. Khi insight &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p th&#224;nh m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n l&#244;i cu&#7889;n, t&#7921; kh&#7855;c s&#7869; c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7907;i d&#226;y g&#7855;n k&#7871;t gi&#7919;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; ph&#7847;n c&#7843;m x&#250;c c&#7911;a n&#227;o b&#7897;. &#272;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t, khi con ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7853;p trung l&#7855;ng nghe c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n, ch&#250;ng ta d&#7877; b&#7883; cu&#7889;n theo di&#7877;n bi&#7871;n, mu&#7889;n xem &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; s&#7869; di&#7877;n ra ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c trong c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n.</p><p><strong>Data storytelling l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng k&#7929; n&#259;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#8220;s&#259;n &#273;&#243;n" nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t trong th&#7901;i &#273;&#7841;i s&#7889;: </strong>Chief Economist c&#7911;a Google, trong m&#7897;t cu&#7897;c ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n v&#224;o n&#259;m 2009 kh&#7859;ng &#273;&#7883;nh r&#7857;ng m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng k&#7929; n&#259;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; kh&#244;ng c&#243; trong nh&#7919;ng th&#7853;p k&#7927; s&#7855;p t&#7899;i l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889;. B&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#8220;n&#243;i g&#236;" m&#224; c&#242;n ph&#7843;i l&#224;m sao r&#250;t ra gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7921;c t&#7871; t&#7915; n&#243;, sau c&#249;ng l&#224; tr&#7921;c quan ho&#225; v&#224; k&#7875; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n sao cho th&#7853;t l&#244;i cu&#7889;n v&#224; &#253; ngh&#297;a.&nbsp;</p><h3><strong>3. C&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c k&#7875; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h3><h4><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 1: X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n</strong></h4><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i ho&#7863;c h&#236;nh th&#224;nh gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t, sau &#273;&#243; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p v&#224; &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i. V&#237; d&#7909;:</p><ul><li><p>B&#7841;n &#273;ang c&#7889; g&#7855;ng gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u?</p></li><li><p>M&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7909; th&#7875; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n khi k&#7875; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y l&#224; g&#236;?</p></li><li><p>B&#7841;n mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p g&#236; t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y?</p></li></ul><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u sau c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n d&#7877; d&#224;ng &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n:</p><p><strong>T&#236;m ki&#7871;m c&#225;c m&#7889;i t&#432;&#417;ng quan: </strong>B&#7841;n th&#7845;y c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; li&#234;n quan g&#236; v&#7899;i nhau? C&#243; &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;o gi&#7919;a ch&#250;ng kh&#244;ng? Nh&#7919;ng m&#7889;i t&#432;&#417;ng quan n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; cung c&#7845;p n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng v&#7919;ng ch&#7855;c cho c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n v&#7873; sau.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh xu h&#432;&#7899;ng: </strong>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#236;n v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra r&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng ng&#224;y ho&#7863;c th&#7901;i gian nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng c&#243; kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng cao h&#417;n ho&#7863;c th&#7845;p h&#417;n. Vi&#7879;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng m&#7899;i ho&#7863;c &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n trong doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7911;a b&#7841;n s&#7869; gi&#250;p doanh nghi&#7879;p h&#236;nh dung r&#245; &#8220;n&#432;&#7899;c c&#7901;&#8221; ti&#7871;p theo h&#7885; ph&#7843;i &#273;i &#273;&#7875; chu&#7849;n b&#7883; v&#224; th&#237;ch nghi v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#243;.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>R&#250;t ra so s&#225;nh: </strong>Vi&#7879;c so s&#225;nh d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i nhau s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n kh&#225;m ph&#225; ra nh&#7919;ng m&#7889;i t&#432;&#417;ng quan v&#224; t&#7841;i sao l&#7841;i c&#243; m&#7889;i li&#234;n quan nh&#432; v&#7853;y. V&#237; d&#7909;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; so s&#225;nh t&#7927; l&#7879; m&#7903; mail (open rate) c&#7911;a hai email c&#243; ti&#234;u &#273;&#7873; kh&#225;c nhau, xem email n&#224;o hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n. T&#7915; &#273;&#243;, b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;u nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n t&#7841;i sao m&#7897;t email l&#7841;i th&#224;nh c&#244;ng h&#417;n c&#225;i kh&#225;c v&#224; t&#236;m ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c insights.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>T&#236;m ki&#7871;m nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t: </strong>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t h&#7859;n so v&#7899;i chu&#7895;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#249;ng th&#7901;i gian, c&#243; th&#7875; cho b&#7841;n ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u th&#250; v&#7883; kh&#225;c. H&#227;y t&#7921; &#273;&#7863;t nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i t&#7841;i sao, &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u v&#224;o nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#224; xem x&#233;t c&#7843; nh&#7919;ng t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng b&#234;n ngo&#224;i &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n h&#417;n.</p><p><strong>Ch&#250; &#253; &#273;&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#7843;n tr&#7921;c gi&#225;c: </strong>Khi b&#7841;n &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng ho&#7863;c so s&#225;nh d&#7919; li&#7879;u, c&#243; b&#7845;t k&#7923; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; n&#224;o m&#224; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng mong &#273;&#7907;i kh&#244;ng? Khi d&#7919; li&#7879;u bi&#7875;u th&#7883; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i so v&#7899;i suy t&#237;nh ban &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; g&#236;? &#272;i&#7873;u g&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y ra nh&#7919;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#273;&#243;? Nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n &#7849;n sau &#273;&#243; &#273;&#244;i khi s&#7869; gi&#250;p c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n c&#243; nh&#7919;ng &#8216;plot twist&#8217; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n.</p><p></p><h4><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 2: X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#245; &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng</strong></h4><p>Khi x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n, h&#227;y t&#7921; &#273;&#7863;t ra nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i:&nbsp;</p><ul><li><p>Ai l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#7847;n nghe c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y?</p></li><li><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c, ng&#432;&#7901;i xem &#273;&#227; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#7871;n c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n ki&#7875;u nh&#432; v&#7853;y l&#7847;n n&#224;o tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; ch&#432;a?</p></li><li><p>C&#226;u chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y li&#7879;u c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i nghe gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7889;t l&#245;i m&#224; h&#7885; quan t&#226;m v&#224; r&#250;t ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7845;t k&#7923; insight n&#224;o quan tr&#7885;ng?</p></li></ul><p>&#272;&#7897; tu&#7893;i, nh&#226;n kh&#7849;u h&#7885;c, c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c v&#224; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c chuy&#234;n m&#244;n c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i xem s&#7869; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;ch h&#7885; hi&#7875;u v&#224; ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i l&#7841;i c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n. H&#227;y t&#249;y ch&#7881;nh c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n v&#224; c&#225;ch k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n t&#7915; c&#225;c g&#243;c &#273;&#7897; kh&#225;c nhau t&#249;y thu&#7897;c v&#224;o &#273;&#7889;i t&#432;&#7907;ng ti&#7871;p nh&#7853;n c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n.&nbsp;</p><p></p><h4><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 3: X&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n chi ti&#7871;t</strong></h4><p>M&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n thu h&#250;t kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; ph&#7843;i gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch r&#245; r&#224;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u, m&#224; c&#7847;n c&#243; tr&#236;nh t&#7921; logic h&#7907;p l&#253;. &#272;&#7875; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#432; v&#7853;y, c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7847;n b&#225;m s&#225;t theo nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m sau:</p><ul><li><p><strong>B&#7889;i c&#7843;nh:</strong> T&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng &#273;&#7863;t ra &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; g&#236;? T&#7841;i sao b&#7841;n l&#7841;i ph&#7843;i k&#7875; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y? H&#227;y t&#236;m b&#7857;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m h&#7845;p d&#7851;n &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t v&#224; gi&#7919; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7899;i kh&#225;n gi&#7843;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Nh&#226;n v&#7853;t:</strong> Ai s&#7869; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i tham gia v&#224;o c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y?</p></li><li><p><strong>V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;:</strong> M&#226;u thu&#7851;n hay v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7847;n gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; g&#236;?</p></li><li><p><strong>Gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p: </strong>V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#234;u ra ban &#273;&#7847;u c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o th&#244;ng qua c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n n&#224;y?&nbsp;</p></li></ul><p>M&#7865;o nh&#7887;: &#272;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t ch&#250; tr&#7885;ng s&#7921; tuy&#7871;n t&#237;nh trong c&#225;ch k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n v&#224; h&#227;y d&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n th&#250; v&#7883; t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#7903; ph&#7847;n cu&#7889;i, &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; ng&#432;&#7901;i xem &#273;&#7871;n c&#249;ng.&nbsp;</p><p></p><h4><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 4: Tr&#236;nh b&#224;y d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7857;ng c&#225;c b&#7843;ng bi&#7875;u, h&#236;nh &#7843;nh</strong></h4><p>H&#236;nh &#7843;nh l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;n gi&#7843; c&#7911;a b&#7841;n v&#224; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n ng&#432;&#7901;i xem &#8212; &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; khi kh&#225;n gi&#7843; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; chuy&#234;n m&#244;n s&#226;u v&#7873; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, ho&#7863;c l&#297;nh v&#7921;c &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p trong c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n.</p><p>Nh&#7901; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, th&#244;ng tin &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#236;nh b&#224;y m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, ng&#7855;n g&#7885;n, d&#7919; li&#7879;u quan tr&#7885;ng v&#224; c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#225;ng l&#432;u &#253; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m n&#7893;i b&#7853;t, d&#7877; d&#224;ng theo d&#245;i.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46uA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5254e95-13a0-4894-a1ae-8e101679987c_2048x1152.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46uA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5254e95-13a0-4894-a1ae-8e101679987c_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46uA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5254e95-13a0-4894-a1ae-8e101679987c_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46uA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5254e95-13a0-4894-a1ae-8e101679987c_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46uA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5254e95-13a0-4894-a1ae-8e101679987c_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46uA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5254e95-13a0-4894-a1ae-8e101679987c_2048x1152.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f5254e95-13a0-4894-a1ae-8e101679987c_2048x1152.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46uA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5254e95-13a0-4894-a1ae-8e101679987c_2048x1152.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46uA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5254e95-13a0-4894-a1ae-8e101679987c_2048x1152.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46uA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5254e95-13a0-4894-a1ae-8e101679987c_2048x1152.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!46uA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff5254e95-13a0-4894-a1ae-8e101679987c_2048x1152.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; ph&#432;&#417;ng th&#7913;c th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u:</p><ul><li><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t (Bar graphs)</p></li><li><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; t&#225;n x&#7841; (Scatter plot)</p></li><li><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; bong b&#243;ng (Bubble chart)</p></li><li><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#242;n (Pie charts)</p></li><li><p>B&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; nhi&#7879;t (Heat map)</p></li><li><p>S&#417; &#273;&#7891; khung (Frame diagram)</p></li><li><p>&#8230;</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-la-gi-cac-loai-bieu-do-giup-ban-truc-quan-hoa-du-lieu/">C&#225;c lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a></p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/4-buoc-data-storytelling?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/4-buoc-data-storytelling?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/4-buoc-data-storytelling?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h3><strong>4. Nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; khi k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h3><p>K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p h&#7919;u &#237;ch &#273;&#7875; truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t insights t&#7915; data &#273;&#250;ng, &#273;&#7911; v&#224; h&#7845;p d&#7851;n. Tuy nhi&#234;n, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ch&#237;nh x&#225;c, c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7841;i c&#243; t&#225;c d&#7909;ng ph&#7909;, khi&#7871;n c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin v&#224; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;, sai l&#7879;ch. D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; &#273;i&#7873;u kh&#244;ng n&#234;n l&#224;m khi x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u:</p><ul><li><p>Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n ch&#7885;n c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#249;y &#253; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m c&#417; s&#7903; cho thang &#273;o v&#224; &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; cho c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;. Gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7885;n ph&#7843;i c&#243; <strong>t&#237;nh &#273;&#7841;i di&#7879;n</strong> v&#224; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i xem th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c to&#224;n c&#7843;nh v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;</p></li><li><p>Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n ch&#7881; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#7913;ng minh cho lu&#7853;n &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;a ra, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n cho kh&#225;n gi&#7843; th&#7845;y <strong>b&#7913;c tranh t&#7893;ng quan</strong> m&#7885;i v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;.&nbsp;</p></li><li><p><strong>Kh&#244;ng n&#234;n thay &#273;&#7893;i m&#224;u s&#7855;c, nh&#227;n v&#224; quy &#432;&#7899;c gi&#7919;a c&#225;c h&#236;nh &#7843;nh</strong>. S&#7921; kh&#244;ng nh&#7845;t qu&#225;n gi&#7919;a h&#236;nh &#7843;nh v&#224; ng&#244;n ng&#7919; c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n v&#224; khi&#7871;n kh&#225;n gi&#7843; kh&#243; theo d&#245;i v&#224; hi&#7875;u ch&#237;nh x&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h2><p>K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#7875; truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t nh&#7919;ng insights, &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p theo c&#225;ch thu h&#250;t v&#224; gi&#250;p doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7889;t h&#417;n. &#272;&#7875; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y, tr&#432;&#7899;c h&#7871;t b&#7841;n c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7885;c, hi&#7875;u v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#224;nh th&#7841;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Sau &#273;&#243;, ph&#7847;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh s&#7869; n&#7857;m &#7903; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng truy&#7873;n &#273;&#7841;t nh&#7919;ng insight m&#224; b&#7841;n t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#7845;y m&#7897;t c&#225;ch d&#7877; nh&#7899;, d&#7877; hi&#7875;u v&#224; d&#7877; h&#236;nh dung. T&#7845;t c&#7843; &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; n&#7857;m c&#7843; trong t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#224;i b&#7843;n.&nbsp;</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n m&#224;i s&#7855;c t&#432; duy &#273;&#7885;c, hi&#7875;u v&#224; r&#250;t ra insight t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, h&#227;y nhanh tay &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor-text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=4-buoc-data-storytelling">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Power BI &amp; AI for Analytics c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers</a> ngay h&#244;m nay.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor-text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=4-buoc-data-storytelling" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6n5X!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c1b9d2b-c164-484a-b21c-5490d8424b56_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6n5X!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c1b9d2b-c164-484a-b21c-5490d8424b56_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6n5X!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c1b9d2b-c164-484a-b21c-5490d8424b56_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6n5X!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c1b9d2b-c164-484a-b21c-5490d8424b56_1665x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6n5X!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c1b9d2b-c164-484a-b21c-5490d8424b56_1665x697.jpeg" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4c1b9d2b-c164-484a-b21c-5490d8424b56_1665x697.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:null,&quot;width&quot;:null,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:122536,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor-text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=4-buoc-data-storytelling&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/i/150829438?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c1b9d2b-c164-484a-b21c-5490d8424b56_1665x697.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6n5X!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c1b9d2b-c164-484a-b21c-5490d8424b56_1665x697.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6n5X!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c1b9d2b-c164-484a-b21c-5490d8424b56_1665x697.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6n5X!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c1b9d2b-c164-484a-b21c-5490d8424b56_1665x697.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6n5X!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c1b9d2b-c164-484a-b21c-5490d8424b56_1665x697.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#234;n so&#7841;n b&#7903;i Tomorrow Marketers, xin vui l&#242;ng kh&#244;ng sao ch&#233;p d&#432;&#7899;i m&#7885;i h&#236;nh th&#7913;c!</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>