<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Marketing Data Analytics & AI Strategy: Marketing Analytics]]></title><description><![CDATA[Tập trung vào cách đọc dữ liệu đúng ngữ cảnh, đặt câu hỏi đúng và xây dựng báo cáo phục vụ quyết định trong marketing
]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/s/analytical-thinking</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bIpf!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F62f9d148-f921-408f-80b2-0ab3427701d1_960x960.png</url><title>Marketing Data Analytics &amp; AI Strategy: Marketing Analytics</title><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/s/analytical-thinking</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Sat, 18 Apr 2026 12:54:17 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Marketing Data Analytics & AI Strategy]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[insightouch@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[insightouch@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Joey]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Joey]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[insightouch@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[insightouch@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Joey]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Mình đã dùng Microsoft Copilot trong Excel để build Dashboard và phân tích insight như thế nào?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Microsoft Copilot trong Excel c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n build Dashboard v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u nhanh h&#417;n, nh&#432;ng li&#7879;u insight c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&#250;ng? C&#249;ng tham kh&#7843;o chi ti&#7871;t b&#224;i vi&#7871;t d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y!]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/huong-dan-dung-copilot-trong-excel</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/huong-dan-dung-copilot-trong-excel</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Marketing Analytics & AI]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 03:43:48 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Chuy&#7879;n l&#224; d&#7841;o g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y m&#236;nh nghe c&#243; kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#243;i v&#7873; vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng AI &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. N&#224;o l&#224; AI c&#243; th&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; g&#7847;n nh&#432; to&#224;n b&#7897; nh&#7919;ng b&#432;&#7899;c m&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m data tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y ph&#7843;i th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n th&#7911; c&#244;ng: t&#7915; l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u, t&#7841;o Pivot Table, v&#7869; dashboard cho &#273;&#7871;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra insight.</p><p>L&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#361;ng m&#7899;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; AI, m&#236;nh kh&#225; t&#242; m&#242; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t th&#7921;c t&#7871; nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u, n&#234;n &#273;&#227; th&#7917; &#225;p d&#7909;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p tr&#234;n m&#7897;t file d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong Excel.</p><p>Theo nh&#432; m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t th&#236; tr&#234;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng hi&#7879;n nay c&#243; kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u c&#244;ng c&#7909; AI h&#7895; tr&#7907; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, nh&#432;ng m&#236;nh v&#7851;n quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#7899;i <strong>Microsoft Copilot</strong>, &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n v&#236; n&#243; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;ch h&#7907;p s&#7861;n trong Microsoft 365, kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n setup ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p, m&#7903; Excel l&#234;n l&#224; d&#249;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ngay.</p><p>Sau khi th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m, m&#236;nh kh&#225; b&#7845;t ng&#7901; v&#7873; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; h&#7895; tr&#7907; c&#7911;a Copilot, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; &#7903; nh&#7919;ng b&#432;&#7899;c x&#7917; l&#253; v&#224; d&#7921;ng dashboard ban &#273;&#7847;u. C&#249;ng m&#236;nh t&#236;m hi&#7875;u chi ti&#7871;t t&#7841;i b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png" width="1456" height="805" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/be7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:805,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#7875; vi&#7879;c test kh&#244;ng b&#7883; qu&#225; &#8220;l&#253; thuy&#7871;t&#8221;, m&#236;nh l&#234;n Github search v&#224; ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t dataset kho&#7843;ng 4000 d&#242;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; <strong>doanh thu v&#224; l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n c&#7911;a Coca-Cola trong n&#259;m 2022</strong>. C&#7909; th&#7875;, d&#7919; li&#7879;u bao g&#7891;m:</p><ul><li><p>Th&#244;ng tin giao d&#7883;ch (retailer, ng&#224;y b&#225;n)</p></li><li><p>Th&#244;ng tin &#273;&#7883;a l&#253; (region, state, city)</p></li><li><p>Th&#244;ng tin s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m (brand)</p></li><li><p>Th&#244;ng tin v&#7853;n h&#224;nh (th&#7901;i gian giao h&#224;ng, &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; v&#7853;n chuy&#7875;n)</p></li><li><p>V&#224; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; kinh doanh (doanh thu, l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n, s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng b&#225;n, margin)</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PpBE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6c83cad-17ab-4691-8733-007ad55a32c4_2048x999.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PpBE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6c83cad-17ab-4691-8733-007ad55a32c4_2048x999.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PpBE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6c83cad-17ab-4691-8733-007ad55a32c4_2048x999.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PpBE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6c83cad-17ab-4691-8733-007ad55a32c4_2048x999.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PpBE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6c83cad-17ab-4691-8733-007ad55a32c4_2048x999.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PpBE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6c83cad-17ab-4691-8733-007ad55a32c4_2048x999.png" width="1456" height="710" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e6c83cad-17ab-4691-8733-007ad55a32c4_2048x999.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:710,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PpBE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6c83cad-17ab-4691-8733-007ad55a32c4_2048x999.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PpBE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6c83cad-17ab-4691-8733-007ad55a32c4_2048x999.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PpBE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6c83cad-17ab-4691-8733-007ad55a32c4_2048x999.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PpBE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6c83cad-17ab-4691-8733-007ad55a32c4_2048x999.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sau khi &#273;&#227; t&#7843;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; Excel, gi&#7901; m&#236;nh s&#7869; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng AI &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch.</p><h2><strong>M&#236;nh &#273;&#227; t&#237;ch h&#7907;p Microsoft Copilot v&#224;o Excel nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong></h2><p>&#272;&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Copilot trong Excel, m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7881; c&#7847;n v&#224;o tab <strong>Home &#8594; ch&#7885;n Add-ins</strong>, sau &#273;&#243; nh&#7853;p &#8220;Copilot&#8221; v&#224;o thanh t&#236;m ki&#7871;m. N&#7871;u ch&#432;a th&#7845;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7845;m v&#224;o <strong>&#8220;More Add-ins&#8221;</strong>, t&#236;m l&#7841;i v&#224; ch&#7885;n <strong>Add</strong> l&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>Sau khi th&#234;m th&#224;nh c&#244;ng, Copilot s&#7869; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p trong Excel nh&#432; m&#7897;t panel ri&#234;ng. V&#236; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; c&#224;i t&#7915; tr&#432;&#7899;c n&#234;n n&#243; hi&#7875;n th&#7883; s&#7861;n tr&#234;n thanh c&#244;ng c&#7909;, ch&#7881; c&#7847;n m&#7903; file l&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ngay.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UU7n!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208bcfcf-7f3a-4c95-9102-8562f5a4b097_2048x844.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UU7n!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208bcfcf-7f3a-4c95-9102-8562f5a4b097_2048x844.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UU7n!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208bcfcf-7f3a-4c95-9102-8562f5a4b097_2048x844.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UU7n!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208bcfcf-7f3a-4c95-9102-8562f5a4b097_2048x844.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UU7n!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208bcfcf-7f3a-4c95-9102-8562f5a4b097_2048x844.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UU7n!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208bcfcf-7f3a-4c95-9102-8562f5a4b097_2048x844.png" width="1456" height="600" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/208bcfcf-7f3a-4c95-9102-8562f5a4b097_2048x844.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:600,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UU7n!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208bcfcf-7f3a-4c95-9102-8562f5a4b097_2048x844.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UU7n!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208bcfcf-7f3a-4c95-9102-8562f5a4b097_2048x844.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UU7n!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208bcfcf-7f3a-4c95-9102-8562f5a4b097_2048x844.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UU7n!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F208bcfcf-7f3a-4c95-9102-8562f5a4b097_2048x844.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; giao di&#7879;n Copilot sau khi m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; t&#237;ch h&#7907;p v&#224;o trong Excel. T&#7915; &#273;&#226;y m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u nh&#7853;p l&#7879;nh &#273;&#7875; AI b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u x&#7917; l&#253; v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qxal!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F576718b7-aad6-4fa8-be9e-e9e8ac01698f_2048x1022.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qxal!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F576718b7-aad6-4fa8-be9e-e9e8ac01698f_2048x1022.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qxal!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F576718b7-aad6-4fa8-be9e-e9e8ac01698f_2048x1022.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qxal!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F576718b7-aad6-4fa8-be9e-e9e8ac01698f_2048x1022.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qxal!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F576718b7-aad6-4fa8-be9e-e9e8ac01698f_2048x1022.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qxal!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F576718b7-aad6-4fa8-be9e-e9e8ac01698f_2048x1022.png" width="1456" height="727" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qxal!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F576718b7-aad6-4fa8-be9e-e9e8ac01698f_2048x1022.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qxal!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F576718b7-aad6-4fa8-be9e-e9e8ac01698f_2048x1022.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qxal!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F576718b7-aad6-4fa8-be9e-e9e8ac01698f_2048x1022.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"><em>Subcribe &#8220;Marketing Data Analytics &amp; AI Strategy&#8221; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t th&#234;m nhi&#7873;u b&#224;i vi&#7871;t h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; AI &amp; Marketing Analytics b&#7841;n nh&#233;!</em></p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>Chi ti&#7871;t c&#225;ch m&#236;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Copilot &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o Pivot Table v&#224; Dashboard</strong></h2><h3>B&#432;&#7899;c 1: X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh th&#244;ng tin quan tr&#7885;ng v&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; ch&#237;nh</h3><p>V&#236; dataset m&#236;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m s&#7841;ch t&#7915; tr&#432;&#7899;c, n&#234;n m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n d&#224;nh qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u th&#7901;i gian cho b&#432;&#7899;c x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u ban &#273;&#7847;u. Tuy nhi&#234;n, trong th&#7921;c t&#7871; khi l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i data c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p, &#273;&#226;y l&#7841;i l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c g&#7847;n nh&#432; <strong>kh&#244;ng th&#7875; b&#7887; qua</strong>.</p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y, tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;i v&#224;o ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, m&#236;nh ngh&#297; m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i n&#234;n d&#224;nh th&#7901;i gian check l&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7853;t k&#7929;. N&#7871;u ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t x&#7917; l&#253; data nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o, b&#7841;n ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#7901; Copilot ho&#7863;c ChatGPT g&#7907;i &#253; c&#225;ch l&#224;m s&#7841;ch v&#224; chu&#7849;n h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#224;i c&#225;ch prompt gi&#250;p b&#7841;n x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i ChatGPT.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VJAs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0590e736-6e09-4bf8-a2e1-2aae3332afa0_1942x1082.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VJAs!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0590e736-6e09-4bf8-a2e1-2aae3332afa0_1942x1082.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VJAs!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0590e736-6e09-4bf8-a2e1-2aae3332afa0_1942x1082.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VJAs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0590e736-6e09-4bf8-a2e1-2aae3332afa0_1942x1082.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VJAs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0590e736-6e09-4bf8-a2e1-2aae3332afa0_1942x1082.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Ph&#7847;n n&#224;y trong slide c&#7911;a <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=bottom_banner&amp;utm_campaign=copilot_trong_excel&amp;utm_product=excel">kh&#243;a </a><strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=bottom_banner&amp;utm_campaign=copilot_trong_excel&amp;utm_product=excel">Data Visualization &amp; Analytics with Excel</a> t&#7841;i TM Data School</strong> c&#361;ng c&#243; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n kh&#225; chi ti&#7871;t c&#225;ch d&#249;ng AI &#273;&#7875; vi&#7871;t c&#244;ng th&#7913;c v&#224; x&#7917; l&#253; data, m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o th&#234;m nha!</em></p><p>Quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i v&#7899;i dataset c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, thay v&#236; m&#7903; file ra v&#224; l&#224;m pivot table ngay, m&#236;nh ch&#7885;n c&#225;ch b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c nh&#7901; Copilot &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t tr&#432;&#7899;c.</p><p>C&#7909; th&#7875;, m&#236;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng prompt nh&#432; sau:</p><blockquote><p><strong>&#8220;T&#7915; b&#7843;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#8216;Updated data sheet&#8217;, m&#236;nh c&#7847;n t&#7841;o m&#7897;t b&#225;o c&#225;o tr&#7921;c quan &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i t&#236;nh h&#236;nh doanh thu c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a Coca-Cola n&#259;m 2022. H&#227;y cho m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin quan tr&#7885;ng n&#224;o c&#7847;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho v&#224;o trong b&#225;o c&#225;o?&#8221;</strong></p></blockquote><p>V&#224; Copilot tr&#7843; v&#7873; m&#7897;t danh s&#225;ch kh&#225; &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;, bao g&#7891;m:</p><ul><li><p>C&#225;c KPI ch&#237;nh</p></li><li><p>C&#225;c chi&#7873;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch (theo s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, khu v&#7921;c, th&#7901;i gian)</p></li><li><p>V&#224; th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#242;n g&#7907;i &#253; c&#7843; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#249; h&#7907;p</p></li></ul><div class="native-video-embed" data-component-name="VideoPlaceholder" data-attrs="{&quot;mediaUploadId&quot;:&quot;8bc8427f-94ef-488d-a780-4784f4357d3f&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:null}"></div><blockquote><p><em>Tuy nhi&#234;n c&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m l&#432;u &#253; &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#236;nh s&#7869; kh&#244;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng 100% nh&#7919;ng g&#236; Copilot g&#7907;i &#253; m&#224; s&#7869; &#273;&#7885;c l&#7841;i m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;t v&#224; ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng ph&#7847;n m&#236;nh th&#7845;y ch&#432;a &#7893;n.</em></p></blockquote><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, &#7903; ph&#7847;n KPI ch&#237;nh, Copilot &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u ch&#7881; s&#7889;. Nh&#432;ng v&#7899;i m&#236;nh, ch&#7881; c&#7847;n nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin nh&#432;: T&#7893;ng doanh s&#7889;, L&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n, S&#7889; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m b&#225;n ra v&#224; S&#7889; ng&#224;y v&#7853;n chuy&#7875;n trung b&#236;nh l&#224; &#273;&#7911;. Nh&#7919;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; nh&#432; <strong>bi&#234;n l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n</strong> m&#236;nh t&#7841;m th&#7901;i kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;a v&#224;o, v&#236; n&#243; ch&#432;a th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t cho b&#224;i to&#225;n n&#224;y.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_uso!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc1c70bf-c8eb-4ad7-b431-b184976ab11f_1026x1102.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_uso!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc1c70bf-c8eb-4ad7-b431-b184976ab11f_1026x1102.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_uso!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc1c70bf-c8eb-4ad7-b431-b184976ab11f_1026x1102.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_uso!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc1c70bf-c8eb-4ad7-b431-b184976ab11f_1026x1102.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_uso!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc1c70bf-c8eb-4ad7-b431-b184976ab11f_1026x1102.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_uso!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc1c70bf-c8eb-4ad7-b431-b184976ab11f_1026x1102.png" width="1026" height="1102" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cc1c70bf-c8eb-4ad7-b431-b184976ab11f_1026x1102.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1102,&quot;width&quot;:1026,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_uso!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc1c70bf-c8eb-4ad7-b431-b184976ab11f_1026x1102.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_uso!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc1c70bf-c8eb-4ad7-b431-b184976ab11f_1026x1102.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_uso!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc1c70bf-c8eb-4ad7-b431-b184976ab11f_1026x1102.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_uso!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc1c70bf-c8eb-4ad7-b431-b184976ab11f_1026x1102.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sau khi ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a l&#7841;i c&#225;c h&#7841;ng m&#7909;c, Copilot s&#7869; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t l&#7841;i to&#224;n b&#7897; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nh&#7919;ng g&#236; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; tinh ch&#7881;nh. L&#250;c n&#224;y, thay v&#236; m&#7897;t danh s&#225;ch kh&#225; chung chung ban &#273;&#7847;u, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t b&#7897; th&#244;ng tin &#273;&#250;ng v&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u m&#236;nh c&#7847;n theo d&#245;i.</p><p>V&#224; &#273;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; l&#250;c m&#236;nh ch&#7889;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7845;u tr&#250;c cho m&#7897;t dashboard ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6HBb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b719582-3887-49ba-a598-985fdf15edb5_1412x1058.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6HBb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b719582-3887-49ba-a598-985fdf15edb5_1412x1058.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6HBb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b719582-3887-49ba-a598-985fdf15edb5_1412x1058.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6HBb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b719582-3887-49ba-a598-985fdf15edb5_1412x1058.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6HBb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b719582-3887-49ba-a598-985fdf15edb5_1412x1058.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6HBb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b719582-3887-49ba-a598-985fdf15edb5_1412x1058.png" width="1412" height="1058" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0b719582-3887-49ba-a598-985fdf15edb5_1412x1058.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1058,&quot;width&quot;:1412,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6HBb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b719582-3887-49ba-a598-985fdf15edb5_1412x1058.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6HBb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b719582-3887-49ba-a598-985fdf15edb5_1412x1058.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6HBb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b719582-3887-49ba-a598-985fdf15edb5_1412x1058.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6HBb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b719582-3887-49ba-a598-985fdf15edb5_1412x1058.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><strong>B</strong>&#432;&#7899;c 2: G&#7907;i &#253; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#249; h&#7907;p cho t&#7915;ng th&#244;ng tin</h3><p>Sau khi &#273;&#227; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c m&#7909;c c&#7847;n c&#243; trong dashboard, m&#236;nh chuy&#7875;n sang b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;p theo l&#224; ch&#7885;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#249; h&#7907;p cho t&#7915;ng lo&#7841;i th&#244;ng tin.</p><p>Thay v&#236; ph&#7843;i suy ngh&#297; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;o ph&#249; h&#7907;p, m&#236;nh nh&#7901; Copilot g&#7907;i &#253; tr&#432;&#7899;c b&#7857;ng prompt: </p><blockquote><p><strong>&#8220;H&#227;y &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t cho t&#244;i t&#7915;ng lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i c&#225;c h&#7841;ng m&#7909;c b&#234;n tr&#234;n tr&#432;&#7899;c khi t&#7841;o Dashboard&#8221;.</strong></p></blockquote><p>V&#224; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; Copilot tr&#7843; v&#7873; cho m&#236;nh:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pepo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc68f26d-b02e-41f3-b2d2-0ca77bf47596_1366x932.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pepo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc68f26d-b02e-41f3-b2d2-0ca77bf47596_1366x932.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pepo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc68f26d-b02e-41f3-b2d2-0ca77bf47596_1366x932.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pepo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc68f26d-b02e-41f3-b2d2-0ca77bf47596_1366x932.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pepo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc68f26d-b02e-41f3-b2d2-0ca77bf47596_1366x932.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pepo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc68f26d-b02e-41f3-b2d2-0ca77bf47596_1366x932.png" width="1366" height="932" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cc68f26d-b02e-41f3-b2d2-0ca77bf47596_1366x932.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:932,&quot;width&quot;:1366,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pepo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc68f26d-b02e-41f3-b2d2-0ca77bf47596_1366x932.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pepo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc68f26d-b02e-41f3-b2d2-0ca77bf47596_1366x932.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pepo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc68f26d-b02e-41f3-b2d2-0ca77bf47596_1366x932.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pepo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc68f26d-b02e-41f3-b2d2-0ca77bf47596_1366x932.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rw4-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fb97ed1-642d-4222-89d7-055a2d5323bd_1248x852.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rw4-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fb97ed1-642d-4222-89d7-055a2d5323bd_1248x852.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rw4-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fb97ed1-642d-4222-89d7-055a2d5323bd_1248x852.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rw4-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fb97ed1-642d-4222-89d7-055a2d5323bd_1248x852.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rw4-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fb97ed1-642d-4222-89d7-055a2d5323bd_1248x852.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rw4-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fb97ed1-642d-4222-89d7-055a2d5323bd_1248x852.png" width="1248" height="852" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9fb97ed1-642d-4222-89d7-055a2d5323bd_1248x852.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:852,&quot;width&quot;:1248,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rw4-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fb97ed1-642d-4222-89d7-055a2d5323bd_1248x852.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rw4-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fb97ed1-642d-4222-89d7-055a2d5323bd_1248x852.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rw4-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fb97ed1-642d-4222-89d7-055a2d5323bd_1248x852.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rw4-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9fb97ed1-642d-4222-89d7-055a2d5323bd_1248x852.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>V&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n, c&#225;c g&#7907;i &#253; c&#7911;a Copilot l&#224; kh&#225; &#7893;n n&#234;n m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u. Nh&#432;ng m&#236;nh v&#7851;n s&#7869; ki&#7875;m tra l&#7841;i m&#7897;t l&#7847;n n&#7919;a &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#7885;n ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch.</p><h3>B&#432;&#7899;c 3: T&#7841;o Pivot Table v&#224; Dashboard</h3><p>Sau khi &#273;&#227; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c n&#7897;i dung v&#224; c&#225;ch th&#7875; hi&#7879;n, m&#236;nh chuy&#7875;n sang b&#432;&#7899;c t&#7841;o dashboard. &#7902; b&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;y, m&#236;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng prompt:</p><blockquote><p><strong>&#8220;D&#7921;a v&#224;o c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin tr&#234;n, h&#227;y t&#7841;o gi&#250;p m&#236;nh m&#7897;t b&#7843;n Dashboard ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh. T&#7841;o sang m&#7897;t sheet kh&#225;c v&#224; &#273;&#7863;t t&#234;n l&#224; &#8216;Dashboard Coca-Cola 2022&#8221;.</strong></p></blockquote><p>K&#7871;t qu&#7843; l&#224; Copilot t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7841;o Pivot Table, sau &#273;&#243; v&#7869; s&#7861;n c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#224; s&#7855;p x&#7871;p th&#224;nh m&#7897;t dashboard c&#417; b&#7843;n cho m&#236;nh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oa2P!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b1c7ccc-6dad-4b86-aea9-2c6f392d8bc2_1856x1302.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oa2P!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b1c7ccc-6dad-4b86-aea9-2c6f392d8bc2_1856x1302.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oa2P!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b1c7ccc-6dad-4b86-aea9-2c6f392d8bc2_1856x1302.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oa2P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b1c7ccc-6dad-4b86-aea9-2c6f392d8bc2_1856x1302.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oa2P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b1c7ccc-6dad-4b86-aea9-2c6f392d8bc2_1856x1302.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oa2P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b1c7ccc-6dad-4b86-aea9-2c6f392d8bc2_1856x1302.png" width="1456" height="1021" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2b1c7ccc-6dad-4b86-aea9-2c6f392d8bc2_1856x1302.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1021,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oa2P!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b1c7ccc-6dad-4b86-aea9-2c6f392d8bc2_1856x1302.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oa2P!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b1c7ccc-6dad-4b86-aea9-2c6f392d8bc2_1856x1302.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oa2P!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b1c7ccc-6dad-4b86-aea9-2c6f392d8bc2_1856x1302.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oa2P!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2b1c7ccc-6dad-4b86-aea9-2c6f392d8bc2_1856x1302.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>T&#7913;c l&#224; to&#224;n b&#7897; nh&#7919;ng ph&#7847;n tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y m&#236;nh ph&#7843;i l&#224;m th&#7911; c&#244;ng nh&#432;: k&#233;o th&#7843; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o pivot, ch&#7885;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#249; h&#7907;p, li&#234;n k&#7871;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;,&#8230; g&#7847;n nh&#432; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c Copilot x&#7917; l&#253; gi&#250;p.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, khi nh&#236;n v&#224;o dashboard, m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; &#273;&#243; l&#224;: M&#7863;c d&#249; Dashboard &#273;&#250;ng v&#7873; m&#7863;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u, nh&#432;ng ch&#432;a &#7893;n v&#7873; m&#7863;t tr&#236;nh b&#224;y. M&#236;nh c&#361;ng &#273;&#227; th&#7917; prompt l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n ph&#7847;n n&#224;y, nh&#432;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u. C&#243; th&#7875; &#7903; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i, Copilot v&#7851;n ch&#432;a th&#7921;c s&#7921; t&#7889;i &#432;u cho ph&#7847;n thi&#7871;t k&#7871; dashboard.</p><p>Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng m&#236;nh v&#7851;n ph&#7843;i ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a l&#7841;i ph&#7847;n tr&#236;nh b&#224;y:</p><ul><li><p>S&#7855;p x&#7871;p l&#7841;i layout theo th&#7913; t&#7921; &#273;&#7885;c</p></li><li><p>Nh&#243;m c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin li&#234;n quan l&#7841;i v&#7899;i nhau</p></li><li><p>&#272;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh m&#224;u s&#7855;c &#273;&#7875; ph&#249; h&#7907;p h&#417;n v&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng (v&#224; c&#7843; y&#7871;u t&#7889; th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u)</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zWho!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3a5506c-a4cd-41a8-80d6-57aff7b9262e_1948x1104.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zWho!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3a5506c-a4cd-41a8-80d6-57aff7b9262e_1948x1104.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zWho!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3a5506c-a4cd-41a8-80d6-57aff7b9262e_1948x1104.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zWho!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3a5506c-a4cd-41a8-80d6-57aff7b9262e_1948x1104.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zWho!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3a5506c-a4cd-41a8-80d6-57aff7b9262e_1948x1104.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zWho!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3a5506c-a4cd-41a8-80d6-57aff7b9262e_1948x1104.png" width="1456" height="825" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b3a5506c-a4cd-41a8-80d6-57aff7b9262e_1948x1104.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:825,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zWho!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3a5506c-a4cd-41a8-80d6-57aff7b9262e_1948x1104.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zWho!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3a5506c-a4cd-41a8-80d6-57aff7b9262e_1948x1104.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zWho!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3a5506c-a4cd-41a8-80d6-57aff7b9262e_1948x1104.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zWho!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3a5506c-a4cd-41a8-80d6-57aff7b9262e_1948x1104.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>Tham kh&#7843;o 5 b&#432;&#7899;c thi&#7871;t k&#7871; report logic - Slide thu&#7897;c <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=bottom_banner&amp;utm_campaign=copilot_trong_excel&amp;utm_product=excel">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Visualization &amp; Analytics with Excel</a></em></p><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; b&#7843;n Dashboard m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n, d&#7921;a tr&#234;n c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; m&#224; Copilot g&#7907;i &#253; v&#224; t&#7841;o ra ban &#273;&#7847;u:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png" width="1456" height="805" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/be7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:805,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3x_W!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbe7e2f19-4e2c-4484-932f-9f03b8f48896_2048x1132.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Nh&#236;n chung, m&#236;nh th&#7845;y vi&#7879;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Copilot kh&#225; ti&#7879;n v&#224; th&#7921;c s&#7921; gi&#250;p ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m th&#7901;i gian.</p><p>N&#7871;u nh&#432; tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y, m&#236;nh s&#7869; m&#7845;t kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u th&#7901;i gian cho c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c nh&#432; x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, t&#7841;o Pivot Table hay v&#7869; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, th&#236; b&#226;y gi&#7901; to&#224;n b&#7897; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; r&#250;t g&#7885;n l&#7841;i r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u. Ch&#7881; trong kho&#7843;ng 15 ph&#250;t, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t b&#7843;n dashboard ph&#225;c th&#7843;o c&#417; b&#7843;n &#273;&#7875; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch.</p><h3><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 4: Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch xu h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224; t&#236;m ra insight, &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t</strong></h3><p>Sau khi &#273;&#227; c&#243; dashboard ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh, m&#236;nh th&#7917; t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng Copilot th&#234;m m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c n&#7919;a l&#224; nh&#7901; AI ph&#226;n t&#237;ch xu h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra insight.</p><blockquote><p>M&#236;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c prompt nh&#432; <strong>&#8220;Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch xu h&#432;&#7899;ng doanh thu theo th&#7901;i gian v&#224; cho m&#236;nh bi&#7871;t nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;&#225;ng ch&#250; &#253;&#8221;</strong> ho&#7863;c <strong>&#8220;So s&#225;nh hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/khu v&#7921;c v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n&#8221;.</strong></p></blockquote><p>Copilot c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n kh&#225; nhanh c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#259;ng gi&#7843;m theo th&#7901;i gian, so s&#225;nh hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra m&#7897;t s&#7889; &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t mang t&#237;nh t&#7893;ng qu&#225;t.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, khi &#273;&#7885;c k&#7929; k&#7871;t qu&#7843;, m&#236;nh th&#7845;y ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n insight v&#7851;n &#273;ang d&#7915;ng &#7903; m&#7913;c kh&#225; &#8220;b&#7873; m&#7863;t&#8221;, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m b&#225;n t&#7889;t h&#417;n, &#273;&#7849;y m&#7841;nh khu v&#7921;c hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; hay c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n v&#7853;n h&#224;nh &#273;&#7875; t&#7889;i &#432;u k&#7871;t qu&#7843;. Nh&#7919;ng nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh n&#224;y kh&#244;ng sai, nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; s&#226;u &#273;&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p cho vi&#7879;c ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LTFq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b9ce3bc-a6bb-488f-a68d-d31f446f6827_1348x996.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LTFq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b9ce3bc-a6bb-488f-a68d-d31f446f6827_1348x996.png 424w, 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LTFq!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b9ce3bc-a6bb-488f-a68d-d31f446f6827_1348x996.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LTFq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b9ce3bc-a6bb-488f-a68d-d31f446f6827_1348x996.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LTFq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b9ce3bc-a6bb-488f-a68d-d31f446f6827_1348x996.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O0PG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c5395aa-6750-46a6-9732-4903f910687a_1330x852.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O0PG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c5395aa-6750-46a6-9732-4903f910687a_1330x852.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O0PG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c5395aa-6750-46a6-9732-4903f910687a_1330x852.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O0PG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c5395aa-6750-46a6-9732-4903f910687a_1330x852.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O0PG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c5395aa-6750-46a6-9732-4903f910687a_1330x852.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O0PG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c5395aa-6750-46a6-9732-4903f910687a_1330x852.png" width="1330" height="852" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O0PG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c5395aa-6750-46a6-9732-4903f910687a_1330x852.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O0PG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c5395aa-6750-46a6-9732-4903f910687a_1330x852.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O0PG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8c5395aa-6750-46a6-9732-4903f910687a_1330x852.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h2><p>Sau khi th&#7917; to&#224;n b&#7897; quy tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i Copilot, &#273;i&#7873;u m&#236;nh th&#7845;y r&#245; nh&#7845;t l&#224; AI th&#7921;c s&#7921; mang l&#7841;i l&#7907;i th&#7871; r&#7845;t l&#7899;n v&#7873; t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897;.</p><p>Nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y t&#7889;n kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u th&#7901;i gian nh&#432; t&#7841;o Pivot Table, v&#7869; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; hay x&#226;y d&#7921;ng structure dashboard gi&#7901; &#273;&#226;y c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c r&#250;t g&#7885;n l&#7841;i ch&#7881; trong v&#224;i ph&#250;t. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y gi&#250;p m&#236;nh gi&#7843;i ph&#243;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u th&#7901;i gian &#7903; ph&#7847;n thao t&#225;c, &#273;&#7875; t&#7853;p trung nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&#224;o vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; t&#236;m ra h&#432;&#7899;ng gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t cho b&#224;i to&#225;n.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#226;u h&#417;n, m&#236;nh c&#361;ng nh&#7853;n ra kh&#225; r&#245; nh&#7919;ng <strong>gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n</strong> m&#224; AI hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i v&#7851;n ch&#432;a th&#7875; thay th&#7871; con ng&#432;&#7901;i, &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t l&#224; &#7903; ph&#7847;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra insight.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432;:</p><ul><li><p>AI c&#243; th&#7875; li&#7879;t k&#234; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u th&#244;ng tin, nh&#432;ng <strong>ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t ch&#7885;n &#273;&#226;u l&#224; ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t</strong> trong t&#7915;ng b&#224;i to&#225;n c&#7909; th&#7875;</p></li><li><p>Vi&#7879;c tr&#236;nh b&#224;y dashboard v&#7851;n <strong>ch&#432;a t&#7889;i &#432;u theo c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&#7885;c v&#224; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh</strong></p></li><li><p>V&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t, c&#225;c insight &#273;&#432;a ra v&#7851;n kh&#225; <strong>chung chung, thi&#7871;u b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh business</strong>, n&#234;n kh&#243; &#225;p d&#7909;ng v&#224;o th&#7921;c t&#7871;</p></li></ul><p>Do v&#7853;y, n&#7871;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#8220;th&#7909; &#273;&#7897;ng&#8221;, ch&#250;ng ta r&#7845;t d&#7877; r&#417;i v&#224;o t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng c&#243; dashboard r&#7845;t nhanh, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng ch&#7855;c m&#236;nh &#273;ang nh&#236;n &#273;&#250;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n sai.</p><p>Ch&#237;nh v&#236; v&#7853;y, sau to&#224;n b&#7897; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh n&#224;y, &#273;i&#7873;u m&#236;nh r&#250;t ra kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; AI c&#243; th&#7875; thay th&#7871; vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u, m&#224; l&#224; AI &#273;ang gi&#250;p m&#236;nh l&#224;m nhanh h&#417;n &#7903; ph&#7847;n thao t&#225;c, c&#242;n ph&#7847;n quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t: <strong>T&#432; duy v&#7851;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; con ng&#432;&#7901;i.</strong></p><p>N&#7871;u <strong>kh&#244;ng c&#243; n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng v&#7873; c&#225;ch x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ch&#7881; s&#7889;, hi&#7875;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#250;ng</strong>, th&#236; ngay c&#7843; khi Copilot &#273;&#432;a ra g&#7907;i &#253;, m&#236;nh c&#361;ng s&#7869; <strong>kh&#243; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c li&#7879;u nh&#7919;ng g&#7907;i &#253; &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; ph&#249; h&#7907;p hay kh&#244;ng.</strong></p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y, &#273;&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng AI t&#7889;i &#432;u ho&#225; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c, &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t v&#7851;n n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#7841;n &#273;ang d&#249;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; g&#236;.</p><p>&#128073; N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n x&#226;y d&#7921;ng n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#224;i b&#7843;n v&#224; r&#232;n luy&#7879;n t&#432; duy &#273;&#7885;c &#8211; hi&#7875;u s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#244;ng qua c&#225;c dataset th&#7921;c t&#7871; t&#7915; doanh nghi&#7879;p, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=bottom_banner&amp;utm_campaign=copilot_trong_excel&amp;utm_product=excel">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Visualization &amp; Analytics with Excel</a> </strong>t&#7841;i TM Data School t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIZz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7db26c7b-3ad4-4cff-8a85-97f9cb3c39e6_1964x1100.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIZz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7db26c7b-3ad4-4cff-8a85-97f9cb3c39e6_1964x1100.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIZz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7db26c7b-3ad4-4cff-8a85-97f9cb3c39e6_1964x1100.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIZz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7db26c7b-3ad4-4cff-8a85-97f9cb3c39e6_1964x1100.png 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIZz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7db26c7b-3ad4-4cff-8a85-97f9cb3c39e6_1964x1100.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIZz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7db26c7b-3ad4-4cff-8a85-97f9cb3c39e6_1964x1100.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LIZz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7db26c7b-3ad4-4cff-8a85-97f9cb3c39e6_1964x1100.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>T&#7893;ng quan l&#7897; tr&#236;nh kh&#243;a h&#7885;c <strong>Data Visualization &amp; Analytics with Excel</strong></em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"><em>Subcribe &#8220;Marketing Data Analytics &amp; AI Strategy&#8221; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t th&#234;m nhi&#7873;u b&#224;i vi&#7871;t h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; AI &amp; Marketing Analytics b&#7841;n nh&#233;!</em></p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p style="text-align: center;"></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Team làm nhiều mà vẫn không đạt KPI? Cách team mình bóc tách mục tiêu để bám sát Growth thực tế ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t KPI lead d&#249; team l&#224;m r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u? Kh&#225;m ph&#225; c&#225;ch b&#243;c t&#225;ch traffic v&#224; conversion &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m &#273;&#250;ng &#273;i&#7875;m ngh&#7869;n v&#224; t&#7889;i &#432;u t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/team-lam-nhieu-ma-van-khong-at-kpi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/team-lam-nhieu-ma-van-khong-at-kpi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Marketing Analytics & AI]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 02:31:36 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZW8a!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dac388e-42a0-4436-a588-631353a5b121_1366x768.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>D&#7841;o n&#224;y team m&#236;nh g&#7863;p m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#225; c&#259;ng khi tu&#7847;n n&#224;o c&#361;ng h&#7885;p KPI nh&#432;ng h&#7847;u nh&#432; tu&#7847;n n&#224;o c&#361;ng kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t goal. C&#243; nh&#7919;ng tu&#7847;n target 300 leads nh&#432;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7881; d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#7903; kho&#7843;ng 180 &#273;&#7871;n 210.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u khi&#7871;n t&#7909;i m&#236;nh b&#7889;i r&#7889;i l&#224; team v&#7851;n l&#224;m r&#7845;t &#273;&#7873;u. N&#7897;i dung v&#7851;n ch&#7841;y &#273;&#250;ng k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch, kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#242;n t&#259;ng l&#234;n, nh&#432;ng s&#7889; lead t&#7841;o ra g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n.</p><p>Cho &#273;&#7871;n khi ng&#7891;i l&#7841;i review k&#7929;, t&#7909;i m&#236;nh m&#7899;i nh&#7853;n ra v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c l&#224;m ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911;, m&#224; n&#7857;m &#7903; c&#225;ch m&#236;nh hi&#7875;u v&#224; b&#243;c t&#225;ch b&#224;i to&#225;n lead ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u. Khi ch&#432;a nh&#236;n r&#245; lead &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u v&#224; b&#7883; ngh&#7869;n &#7903; &#273;&#226;u, team r&#7845;t d&#7877; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c l&#224;m nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#7871;t qu&#7843;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZW8a!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dac388e-42a0-4436-a588-631353a5b121_1366x768.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZW8a!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dac388e-42a0-4436-a588-631353a5b121_1366x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZW8a!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dac388e-42a0-4436-a588-631353a5b121_1366x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZW8a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dac388e-42a0-4436-a588-631353a5b121_1366x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZW8a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dac388e-42a0-4436-a588-631353a5b121_1366x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZW8a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dac388e-42a0-4436-a588-631353a5b121_1366x768.png" width="1366" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9dac388e-42a0-4436-a588-631353a5b121_1366x768.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1366,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZW8a!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dac388e-42a0-4436-a588-631353a5b121_1366x768.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZW8a!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dac388e-42a0-4436-a588-631353a5b121_1366x768.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZW8a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dac388e-42a0-4436-a588-631353a5b121_1366x768.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZW8a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9dac388e-42a0-4436-a588-631353a5b121_1366x768.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>&#128129; T&#7909;i m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; hi&#7875;u sai b&#224;i to&#225;n lead &#7903; &#273;&#226;u?</strong></h2><p>Khi kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t KPI, t&#7909;i m&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7881; nh&#236;n v&#224;o t&#7893;ng s&#7889; lead r&#7891;i k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#432;a l&#224;m &#273;&#7911; ho&#7863;c l&#224;m ch&#432;a &#273;&#250;ng theo c&#7843;m t&#237;nh. Nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c t&#7871;, &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra lead, lu&#244;n ph&#7843;i tr&#7843; l&#7901;i hai c&#226;u h&#7887;i r&#7845;t c&#417; b&#7843;n:</p><ul><li><p>&#272;&#7847;u v&#224;o c&#243; &#273;&#7911; ch&#432;a (s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng traffic v&#224;o landing page)</p></li><li><p>N&#7871;u &#273;&#7847;u v&#224;o &#273;&#227; c&#243;, kh&#7843; n&#259;ng chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i &#273;ang t&#7889;t hay k&#233;m (conversion rate)</p></li></ul><p>Khi kh&#244;ng t&#225;ch b&#224;i to&#225;n theo hai ph&#7847;n n&#224;y, m&#7885;i th&#7913; b&#7883; g&#7897;p l&#7841;i th&#224;nh m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; chung. Team kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh &#273;ang thi&#7871;u &#273;&#7847;u v&#224;o hay &#273;ang m&#7845;t &#7903; kh&#226;u chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i, n&#234;n m&#7895;i l&#7847;n kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t KPI, vi&#7879;c t&#7889;i &#432;u th&#432;&#7901;ng quay l&#7841;i h&#432;&#7899;ng quen thu&#7897;c l&#224; l&#224;m nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n, thay v&#236; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n &#273;&#250;ng ph&#7847;n &#273;ang g&#7863;p v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8que!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde34d84a-43e1-40cb-abcf-2f06e5ce4494_1366x245.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8que!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde34d84a-43e1-40cb-abcf-2f06e5ce4494_1366x245.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8que!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde34d84a-43e1-40cb-abcf-2f06e5ce4494_1366x245.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8que!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde34d84a-43e1-40cb-abcf-2f06e5ce4494_1366x245.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8que!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde34d84a-43e1-40cb-abcf-2f06e5ce4494_1366x245.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8que!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde34d84a-43e1-40cb-abcf-2f06e5ce4494_1366x245.png" width="1366" height="245" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/de34d84a-43e1-40cb-abcf-2f06e5ce4494_1366x245.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:245,&quot;width&quot;:1366,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8que!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde34d84a-43e1-40cb-abcf-2f06e5ce4494_1366x245.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8que!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde34d84a-43e1-40cb-abcf-2f06e5ce4494_1366x245.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8que!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde34d84a-43e1-40cb-abcf-2f06e5ce4494_1366x245.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8que!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fde34d84a-43e1-40cb-abcf-2f06e5ce4494_1366x245.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>M&#236;nh h&#7885;c c&#244;ng th&#7913;c t&#237;nh c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng trong Marketing t&#7915; <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=substacks&amp;utm_campaign=problem-solving&amp;utm_content=growth-lead&amp;utm_product=data_analysis">kho&#225; Data Analysis with Power BI </a></strong>c&#7911;a TM Data School, m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o nh&#233;!</em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"><em>Subcribe &#8220;Marketing Data Analytics &amp; AI Strategy&#8221; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t th&#234;m nhi&#7873;u b&#224;i vi&#7871;t h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; AI &amp; Marketing Analytics b&#7841;n nh&#233;!</em></p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p style="text-align: center;"></p><h2><strong>&#128129; C&#225;ch t&#7909;i m&#236;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u gi&#7843;i l&#7841;i b&#224;i to&#225;n lead</strong></h2><p>T&#7909;i m&#236;nh th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t nguy&#234;n t&#7855;c quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#224;n tr&#7843;i, m&#224; lu&#244;n b&#225;m theo funnel &#273;&#7847;u v&#224;o c&#7911;a lead l&#224; t&#7915; <strong>traffic &#273;&#7871;n conversion</strong>.</p><h3><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 1: Ki&#7875;m tra traffic (&#273;&#7847;u v&#224;o c&#243; &#273;&#7911; ch&#432;a)</strong></h3><p>Khi lead kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t, t&#7909;i m&#236;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i r&#7845;t c&#7909; th&#7875;: v&#7899;i m&#7913;c chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i, l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224;o c&#243; &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra s&#7889; lead mong mu&#7889;n hay ch&#432;a.</p><p>&#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, team x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng traffic t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u c&#7847;n c&#243; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n conversion rate trung b&#236;nh trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7913;c ph&#7843;n &#225;nh kh&#7843; n&#259;ng chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i trong &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, n&#234;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng l&#224;m baseline.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e_V5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5404f44b-184a-4712-b722-1c7416ac76ea_1280x359.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e_V5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5404f44b-184a-4712-b722-1c7416ac76ea_1280x359.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e_V5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5404f44b-184a-4712-b722-1c7416ac76ea_1280x359.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e_V5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5404f44b-184a-4712-b722-1c7416ac76ea_1280x359.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e_V5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5404f44b-184a-4712-b722-1c7416ac76ea_1280x359.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e_V5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5404f44b-184a-4712-b722-1c7416ac76ea_1280x359.png" width="1280" height="359" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5404f44b-184a-4712-b722-1c7416ac76ea_1280x359.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:359,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e_V5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5404f44b-184a-4712-b722-1c7416ac76ea_1280x359.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e_V5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5404f44b-184a-4712-b722-1c7416ac76ea_1280x359.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e_V5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5404f44b-184a-4712-b722-1c7416ac76ea_1280x359.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e_V5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5404f44b-184a-4712-b722-1c7416ac76ea_1280x359.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, n&#7871;u target l&#224; 300 lead v&#224; conversion rate trung b&#236;nh l&#224; 5%, th&#236; c&#7847;n kho&#7843;ng 6.000 l&#432;&#7907;t v&#224;o landing page. Vi&#7879;c n&#224;y gi&#250;p team c&#243; m&#7897;t m&#7889;c r&#245; r&#224;ng, thay v&#236; nh&#236;n traffic m&#7897;t c&#225;ch c&#7843;m t&#237;nh m&#224; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t bao nhi&#234;u l&#224; &#273;&#7911;.</p><p>Sau khi c&#243; con s&#7889; c&#7847;n &#273;&#7841;t, t&#7909;i m&#236;nh m&#7899;i nh&#236;n v&#224;o traffic hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i &#273;&#227; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng v&#7899;i y&#234;u c&#7847;u ch&#432;a? N&#7871;u traffic ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; l&#432;&#7907;ng, t&#7909;i m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng t&#259;ng d&#224;n tr&#7843;i m&#224; nh&#236;n l&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo t&#7915;ng k&#234;nh.</p><p>Team &#273;&#7863;t c&#7841;nh nhau ba ch&#7881; s&#7889;: s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224;o landing page, s&#7889; lead t&#7841;o ra v&#224; t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng k&#234;nh, sau &#273;&#243; d&#249;ng conversion rate trung b&#236;nh l&#224;m m&#7889;c so s&#225;nh:</p><ul><li><p>K&#234;nh c&#243; CR th&#7845;p h&#417;n trung b&#236;nh trong khi l&#224; top traffic &#8594; ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c x&#7917; l&#253; l&#7841;i ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#7847;u v&#224;o qua target audience, content angle kh&#7899;p v&#7899;i gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m/d&#7883;ch v&#7909; cung c&#7845;p h&#417;n v&#236; k&#234;nh n&#224;y c&#243; &#273;&#7897; ph&#7911;</p></li><li><p>K&#234;nh c&#243; CR ti&#7879;m c&#7853;n ho&#7863;c cao h&#417;n trung b&#236;nh nh&#432;ng traffic th&#7845;p &#8594; &#273;&#7849;y m&#7841;nh scale v&#236; c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#7841;o th&#234;m lead</p></li></ul><p>Nh&#432; v&#7853;y s&#7869; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; ph&#237; ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c v&#224;o k&#234;nh kh&#244;ng c&#243; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng qu&#225; l&#7899;n t&#7899;i lead, c&#361;ng nh&#432; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; b&#7887; s&#243;t k&#234;nh c&#243; ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng.</p><h3><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 2: Ki&#7875;m tra t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a landing page</strong></h3><p>Sau khi ki&#7875;m tra traffic, t&#7909;i m&#236;nh chuy&#7875;n sang c&#226;u h&#7887;i ti&#7871;p theo: v&#7899;i l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224;o hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i, t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i c&#243; &#273;ang &#7903; m&#7913;c b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng.</p><p>T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; b&#432;&#7899;c 1, t&#7909;i m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng nh&#236;n con s&#7889; n&#224;y m&#7897;t c&#225;ch c&#7843;m t&#237;nh m&#224; lu&#244;n &#273;&#7863;t n&#243; trong t&#432;&#417;ng quan v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u qu&#225; kh&#7913;. Team l&#7845;y conversion rate trung b&#236;nh l&#224;m m&#7889;c so s&#225;nh &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh li&#7879;u hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#243; &#273;ang c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; hay kh&#244;ng.</p><p>N&#7871;u conversion rate hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i ti&#7879;m c&#7853;n m&#7913;c trung b&#236;nh, t&#7909;i m&#236;nh t&#7841;m lo&#7841;i tr&#7915; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#7857;m &#7903; landing page. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, n&#7871;u conversion rate gi&#7843;m r&#245; r&#7879;t, th&#236; c&#7847;n &#273;i ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;ang d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#7903; &#273;&#226;u trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i.</p><p>L&#250;c n&#224;y, t&#7909;i m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng nh&#236;n conversion nh&#432; m&#7897;t con s&#7889; t&#7893;ng, m&#224; &#273;&#7863;t n&#243; trong chu&#7895;i h&#224;nh vi c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng tr&#234;n landing page. Khi &#273;&#7863;t c&#7841;nh c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; nh&#432; th&#7901;i gian &#7903; l&#7841;i, m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; &#273;&#7885;c v&#224; h&#224;nh vi b&#7845;m, t&#7909;i m&#236;nh c&#243; th&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#245; v&#7883; tr&#237; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;:</p><ul><li><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i v&#224;o nh&#432;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i nhanh, th&#7901;i gian &#7903; l&#7841;i th&#7845;p &#8594; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#7897; kh&#7899;p gi&#7919;a n&#7897;i dung d&#7851;n v&#224;o v&#224; landing page</p></li><li><p>Ng&#432;&#7901;i &#7903; l&#7841;i &#273;&#7885;c nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng ti&#7871;p theo &#8594; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#7857;m &#7903; vi&#7879;c n&#7897;i dung ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; r&#245; ho&#7863;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c &#273;&#7875; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GJA-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbd5cca0-d826-4bd2-854b-8e83b57a0f7f_1366x629.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GJA-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbd5cca0-d826-4bd2-854b-8e83b57a0f7f_1366x629.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GJA-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbd5cca0-d826-4bd2-854b-8e83b57a0f7f_1366x629.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GJA-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbd5cca0-d826-4bd2-854b-8e83b57a0f7f_1366x629.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GJA-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbd5cca0-d826-4bd2-854b-8e83b57a0f7f_1366x629.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GJA-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbd5cca0-d826-4bd2-854b-8e83b57a0f7f_1366x629.png" width="1366" height="629" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fbd5cca0-d826-4bd2-854b-8e83b57a0f7f_1366x629.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:629,&quot;width&quot;:1366,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GJA-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbd5cca0-d826-4bd2-854b-8e83b57a0f7f_1366x629.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GJA-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbd5cca0-d826-4bd2-854b-8e83b57a0f7f_1366x629.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GJA-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbd5cca0-d826-4bd2-854b-8e83b57a0f7f_1366x629.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GJA-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffbd5cca0-d826-4bd2-854b-8e83b57a0f7f_1366x629.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>B&#7843;ng <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/ky-thuat-lap-issue-tree/">Issue Tree</a> m&#236;nh t&#7921; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p sau khi ng&#7891;i review l&#7841;i performance</em></p><h2><strong>&#128129; K&#7871;t lu&#7853;n</strong></h2><p>&#272;&#7875; grow, marketer kh&#244;ng th&#7875; l&#224;m theo c&#7843;m t&#237;nh. Quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n l&#224; hi&#7875;u &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c KPI c&#7847;n nh&#7919;ng ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c n&#224;o, v&#224; m&#236;nh c&#243; th&#7875; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#7871;t qu&#7843; cu&#7889;i. Khi nh&#236;n theo c&#225;ch n&#224;y, team marketing s&#7869; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n r&#417;i v&#224;o vi&#7879;c l&#224;m nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; ch&#7841;y theo KPI, m&#224; bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch t&#7889;i &#432;u &#273;&#250;ng ch&#7895; &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921;.</p><p>V&#224; khi c&#243; t&#432; duy h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, b&#7841;n c&#361;ng s&#7869; t&#7921; nh&#236;n ra nh&#7919;ng c&#417; h&#7897;i t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng m&#224; tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y c&#243; th&#7875; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; b&#7887; l&#7905;!</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; h&#417;n c&#225;ch b&#243;c t&#225;ch v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#224; l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo h&#432;&#7899;ng ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh (ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; d&#7915;ng &#7903; vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7885;c s&#7889;), th&#236; c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/analytics-for-strategy?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=substacks&amp;utm_campaign=problem-solving&amp;utm_content=growth-lead&amp;utm_product=analytics_for_strategy">kh&#243;a Analytics for Strategy</a> </strong>c&#7911;a TM Data School. M&#236;nh th&#7845;y c&#225;ch ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n trong kh&#243;a kh&#225; th&#7921;c t&#7871; v&#236; c&#243; c&#225;c case study c&#7909; th&#7875;, kh&#225; ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng b&#7841;n &#273;ang l&#224;m growth marketing nh&#432;ng t&#432; duy Business Data Analytics v&#224; Decision Science c&#242;n y&#7871;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79wv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2baaae26-ab2b-4221-9f17-53032bbf5660_1620x736.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79wv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2baaae26-ab2b-4221-9f17-53032bbf5660_1620x736.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79wv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2baaae26-ab2b-4221-9f17-53032bbf5660_1620x736.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79wv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2baaae26-ab2b-4221-9f17-53032bbf5660_1620x736.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79wv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2baaae26-ab2b-4221-9f17-53032bbf5660_1620x736.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79wv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2baaae26-ab2b-4221-9f17-53032bbf5660_1620x736.png" width="1456" height="661" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2baaae26-ab2b-4221-9f17-53032bbf5660_1620x736.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:661,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79wv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2baaae26-ab2b-4221-9f17-53032bbf5660_1620x736.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79wv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2baaae26-ab2b-4221-9f17-53032bbf5660_1620x736.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79wv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2baaae26-ab2b-4221-9f17-53032bbf5660_1620x736.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79wv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2baaae26-ab2b-4221-9f17-53032bbf5660_1620x736.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tham kh&#7843;o kh&#243;a h&#7885;c <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/analytics-for-strategy?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=substacks&amp;utm_campaign=problem-solving&amp;utm_content=growth-lead&amp;utm_product=analytics_for_strategy">&#7903; &#273;&#226;y</a></strong> nha!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"><em>Subcribe &#8220;Marketing Data Analytics &amp; AI Strategy&#8221; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t th&#234;m nhi&#7873;u b&#224;i vi&#7871;t h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; AI &amp; Marketing Analytics b&#7841;n nh&#233;!</em></p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Content Performance Tracking: Khi “nhiều tương tác” không có nghĩa là content hiệu quả (Phần 1)]]></title><description><![CDATA[Vi&#7871;t nhi&#7873;u, s&#7889; li&#7879;u &#7893;n nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t tracking b&#224;i n&#224;o hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;? T&#236;m hi&#7875;u c&#225;ch &#273;&#7885;c content performance &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#7889;i &#432;u hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; v&#224; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7889;t h&#417;n!]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/content-performance-tracking-khi</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/content-performance-tracking-khi</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Marketing Analytics & AI]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2026 09:22:47 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6tn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F211c7f95-2a4d-4aa0-8c1e-1feffa8ee135_5280x2970.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6tn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F211c7f95-2a4d-4aa0-8c1e-1feffa8ee135_5280x2970.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6tn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F211c7f95-2a4d-4aa0-8c1e-1feffa8ee135_5280x2970.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6tn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F211c7f95-2a4d-4aa0-8c1e-1feffa8ee135_5280x2970.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6tn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F211c7f95-2a4d-4aa0-8c1e-1feffa8ee135_5280x2970.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6tn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F211c7f95-2a4d-4aa0-8c1e-1feffa8ee135_5280x2970.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6tn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F211c7f95-2a4d-4aa0-8c1e-1feffa8ee135_5280x2970.png" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6tn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F211c7f95-2a4d-4aa0-8c1e-1feffa8ee135_5280x2970.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6tn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F211c7f95-2a4d-4aa0-8c1e-1feffa8ee135_5280x2970.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6tn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F211c7f95-2a4d-4aa0-8c1e-1feffa8ee135_5280x2970.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L6tn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F211c7f95-2a4d-4aa0-8c1e-1feffa8ee135_5280x2970.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7847;u &#273;i l&#224;m, m&#236;nh kh&#225; t&#7921; tin v&#7899;i performance c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. B&#224;i vi&#7871;t l&#234;n &#273;&#7873;u, s&#7889; li&#7879;u nh&#236;n c&#361;ng &#8220;&#7893;n&#8221;: view t&#259;ng, like t&#259;ng, engagement duy tr&#236; &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh. Quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n l&#224; lead v&#7851;n v&#7873;, th&#7853;m ch&#237; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng giai &#273;o&#7841;n v&#7851;n v&#432;&#7907;t goal. Do v&#7853;y, m&#7895;i l&#7847;n l&#224;m report, m&#236;nh ngh&#297; ch&#7881; c&#7847;n t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p l&#7841;i b&#224;i n&#224;o nhi&#7873;u view, nhi&#7873;u t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c, kpi &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c so v&#7899;i t&#7893;ng goal &#273;&#7873; ra l&#224; &#273;&#227; c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7913;ng minh hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c.</p><p>Cho &#273;&#7871;n m&#7897;t l&#7847;n trong khi h&#7885;p b&#225;o c&#225;o t&#7893;ng k&#7871;t cu&#7889;i th&#225;ng, s&#7871;p m&#236;nh h&#7887;i m&#7897;t c&#226;u: <em><strong>&#8220;Content c&#7911;a em l&#432;&#7907;t t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c kh&#225; t&#7889;t, nh&#432;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i ra lead nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?&#8221;</strong></em>.</p><p>M&#236;nh nh&#7899; l&#224; l&#250;c &#273;&#243; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i v&#224;i gi&#226;y, v&#236; kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t tr&#7843; l&#7901;i nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o.</p><p>&#272;&#243; c&#361;ng l&#224; l&#250;c m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra m&#7897;t sai l&#7847;m m&#224; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; l&#7863;p l&#7841;i trong m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian kh&#225; d&#224;i: m&#236;nh c&#7913; vi&#7871;t b&#224;i, nh&#236;n s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#7845;y &#8220;&#7893;n&#8221;, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; hi&#7875;u nh&#7919;ng n&#7897;i dung &#273;&#243; &#273;ang hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#7871;n &#273;&#226;u. <strong>M&#236;nh c&#243; data, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng bi&#7871;t d&#249;ng data &#273;&#7875; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7911;a content m&#236;nh l&#224;m.</strong></p><h2><strong>V&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#7857;m &#7903; c&#225;ch m&#236;nh nh&#236;n data</strong></h2><p>Sau l&#7847;n b&#7883; s&#7871;p h&#7887;i b&#7845;t ng&#7901;, m&#236;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u nh&#236;n l&#7841;i c&#225;ch m&#236;nh tracking content m&#7897;t c&#225;ch nghi&#234;m t&#250;c h&#417;n. Tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y, m&#236;nh c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng <strong>nh&#236;n t&#7915;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; ri&#234;ng l&#7867;</strong>. B&#224;i n&#224;o nhi&#7873;u view th&#236; m&#236;nh ngh&#297; l&#224; t&#7889;t, b&#224;i n&#224;o nhi&#7873;u like hay comment th&#236; m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh l&#224; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;. M&#7895;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t &#8220;t&#237;n hi&#7879;u t&#237;ch c&#7921;c&#8221;, v&#224; m&#236;nh g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i s&#226;u h&#417;n v&#7873; n&#243;.</p><p>Nh&#432;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; l&#224;, khi nh&#236;n theo c&#225;ch &#273;&#243;, m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng th&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n. V&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432;: v&#236; sao b&#224;i n&#224;y l&#7841;i mang v&#7873; lead, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; quan t&#226;m &#273;&#7871;n n&#7897;i dung hay kh&#244;ng, hay h&#7885; &#273;&#227; &#273;i qua nh&#7919;ng b&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;o tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i th&#244;ng tin.</p><p>M&#7885;i th&#7913; ch&#7881; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u r&#245; r&#224;ng h&#417;n khi m&#236;nh th&#7917; thay &#273;&#7893;i g&#243;c nh&#236;n. Thay v&#236; nh&#236;n content nh&#432; t&#7915;ng b&#224;i ri&#234;ng l&#7867;, m&#236;nh <strong>b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u nh&#236;n n&#243; nh&#432; m&#7897;t h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh,</strong> <strong>k&#7871;t h&#7907;p &#273;&#7885;c c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; v&#7899;i nhau &#273;&#7875; ph&#7843;n &#225;nh &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n, t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng.</strong> </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D2Nf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F604c435f-2728-4108-b405-3123f2c073b7_1600x893.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D2Nf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F604c435f-2728-4108-b405-3123f2c073b7_1600x893.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D2Nf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F604c435f-2728-4108-b405-3123f2c073b7_1600x893.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D2Nf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F604c435f-2728-4108-b405-3123f2c073b7_1600x893.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D2Nf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F604c435f-2728-4108-b405-3123f2c073b7_1600x893.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D2Nf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F604c435f-2728-4108-b405-3123f2c073b7_1600x893.png" width="1456" height="813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/604c435f-2728-4108-b405-3123f2c073b7_1600x893.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:813,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D2Nf!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F604c435f-2728-4108-b405-3123f2c073b7_1600x893.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D2Nf!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F604c435f-2728-4108-b405-3123f2c073b7_1600x893.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D2Nf!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F604c435f-2728-4108-b405-3123f2c073b7_1600x893.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!D2Nf!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F604c435f-2728-4108-b405-3123f2c073b7_1600x893.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>M&#236;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u tracking l&#7841;i nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</strong></h2><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n l&#224;m content tr&#234;n Facebook, b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#225; quen v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c theo d&#245;i s&#7889; li&#7879;u tr&#234;n Meta Business Suite. C&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; nh&#432; reach, reaction, comment hay link click &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; s&#7861;n &#7903; &#273;&#243;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EE4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9ccc1ae-e4f2-4f81-b603-d4176a982c6f_1600x966.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EE4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9ccc1ae-e4f2-4f81-b603-d4176a982c6f_1600x966.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EE4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9ccc1ae-e4f2-4f81-b603-d4176a982c6f_1600x966.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EE4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9ccc1ae-e4f2-4f81-b603-d4176a982c6f_1600x966.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EE4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9ccc1ae-e4f2-4f81-b603-d4176a982c6f_1600x966.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EE4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9ccc1ae-e4f2-4f81-b603-d4176a982c6f_1600x966.png" width="1456" height="879" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f9ccc1ae-e4f2-4f81-b603-d4176a982c6f_1600x966.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:879,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EE4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9ccc1ae-e4f2-4f81-b603-d4176a982c6f_1600x966.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EE4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9ccc1ae-e4f2-4f81-b603-d4176a982c6f_1600x966.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EE4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9ccc1ae-e4f2-4f81-b603-d4176a982c6f_1600x966.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7EE4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9ccc1ae-e4f2-4f81-b603-d4176a982c6f_1600x966.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y, m&#236;nh ch&#7881; d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#7903; vi&#7879;c nh&#236;n c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p tr&#234;n platform. Nh&#432;ng sau n&#224;y, m&#236;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u download data v&#7873; Excel &#273;&#7875; nh&#236;n l&#7841;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7893;ng th&#7875; h&#417;n.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, file t&#7843;i v&#7873; th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#225; r&#7889;i v&#224; kh&#243; &#273;&#7885;c v&#236; ch&#7913;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a nhi&#7873;u kh&#243;a h&#7885;c kh&#225;c nhau, trong khi m&#236;nh ch&#7881; ph&#7909; tr&#225;ch m&#7897;t v&#224;i kho&#225;. N&#7871;u gi&#7919; nguy&#234;n nh&#432; v&#7853;y th&#236; r&#7845;t kh&#243; nh&#236;n ra insight, n&#234;n m&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng d&#249;ng Power Query &#273;&#7875; l&#7885;c v&#224; l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u, &#273;&#432;a v&#7873; d&#7841;ng d&#7877; nh&#236;n v&#224; d&#7877; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch h&#417;n.</p><p>Ph&#7847;n l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y l&#224; quy tr&#236;nh m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; h&#7885;c trong <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=facebook&amp;utm_medium=substack&amp;utm_campaign=content_performance%20_tracking_p1&amp;utm_product=excel">kh&#243;a Data Visualization &amp; Analytics with Excel</a></strong> t&#7841;i TM Data School. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n quan t&#226;m, c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o th&#234;m t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y nha.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yvs8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc6749ad4-8903-48ba-8608-2303a25a234a_1456x795.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yvs8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc6749ad4-8903-48ba-8608-2303a25a234a_1456x795.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yvs8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc6749ad4-8903-48ba-8608-2303a25a234a_1456x795.png 848w, 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yvs8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc6749ad4-8903-48ba-8608-2303a25a234a_1456x795.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yvs8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc6749ad4-8903-48ba-8608-2303a25a234a_1456x795.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yvs8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc6749ad4-8903-48ba-8608-2303a25a234a_1456x795.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=facebook&amp;utm_medium=substack&amp;utm_campaign=content_performance%20_tracking_p1&amp;utm_product=excel&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Tham kh&#7843;o kho&#225; h&#7885;c t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=facebook&amp;utm_medium=substack&amp;utm_campaign=content_performance%20_tracking_p1&amp;utm_product=excel"><span>Tham kh&#7843;o kho&#225; h&#7885;c t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y</span></a></p><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; file d&#7919; li&#7879;u sau khi m&#236;nh t&#7843;i v&#7873; v&#224; x&#7917; l&#253; c&#417; b&#7843;n tr&#234;n Excel.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26ST!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1798efad-a138-4816-a4cb-32942d830e30_1600x799.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26ST!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1798efad-a138-4816-a4cb-32942d830e30_1600x799.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26ST!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1798efad-a138-4816-a4cb-32942d830e30_1600x799.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26ST!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1798efad-a138-4816-a4cb-32942d830e30_1600x799.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26ST!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1798efad-a138-4816-a4cb-32942d830e30_1600x799.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26ST!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1798efad-a138-4816-a4cb-32942d830e30_1600x799.png" width="1456" height="727" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1798efad-a138-4816-a4cb-32942d830e30_1600x799.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:727,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26ST!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1798efad-a138-4816-a4cb-32942d830e30_1600x799.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26ST!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1798efad-a138-4816-a4cb-32942d830e30_1600x799.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26ST!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1798efad-a138-4816-a4cb-32942d830e30_1600x799.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!26ST!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1798efad-a138-4816-a4cb-32942d830e30_1600x799.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o th&#234;m v&#7873; c&#225;ch x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#234;n Power Query t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y nha: <a href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/power-query-la-gi-su-dung-power-query">Power Query l&#224; g&#236;? S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Power Query &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong Power BI nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</a></em></p><p>Khi &#273;&#432;a t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; v&#7873; c&#249;ng m&#7897;t b&#7843;ng, m&#236;nh c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7877; d&#224;ng so s&#225;nh v&#224; nh&#236;n ra hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng b&#224;i vi&#7871;t, thay v&#236; nh&#236;n r&#7901;i r&#7841;c nh&#432; tr&#432;&#7899;c.</p><p>Nh&#236;n v&#224;o s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#236; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i reach r&#7845;t cao nh&#432;ng g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng c&#243; click. Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, c&#243; nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i kh&#244;ng qu&#225; n&#7893;i b&#7853;t v&#7873; m&#7863;t t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i c&#243; ng&#432;&#7901;i click v&#224;o link v&#224; &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i th&#244;ng tin.</p><p>L&#250;c n&#224;y, m&#236;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#225;ch &#273;&#7885;c data. Thay v&#236; h&#7887;i &#8220;b&#224;i n&#224;y c&#243; nhi&#7873;u view kh&#244;ng?&#8221;, m&#236;nh chuy&#7875;n sang h&#7887;i: <em><strong>Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng sau khi th&#7845;y content n&#224;y &#273;&#227; &#273;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7871;n b&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;o?</strong></em></p><p>V&#224; khi b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i theo h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;&#243;, m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u: d&#249; c&#243; r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ch&#7881; s&#7889; kh&#225;c nhau, nh&#432;ng th&#7921;c ch&#7845;t ch&#250;ng &#273;&#7873;u &#273;ang ph&#7843;n &#225;nh t&#7915;ng b&#432;&#7899;c trong h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng.</p><h2><strong>4 l&#7899;p ch&#7881; s&#7889; m&#236;nh lu&#244;n nh&#236;n khi tracking content</strong></h2><p>Sau m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i data, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n ho&#225; l&#7841;i to&#224;n b&#7897; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y th&#224;nh <strong>4 l&#7899;p ch&#237;nh</strong>, t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n, t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#224; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng v&#7899;i content. Khi nh&#236;n theo 4 l&#7899;p n&#224;y, vi&#7879;c &#273;&#7885;c data tr&#7903; n&#234;n r&#245; r&#224;ng v&#224; d&#7877; hi&#7875;u h&#417;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fcxv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74b46d7e-2320-4527-ab70-e10b33c70103_1600x422.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fcxv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74b46d7e-2320-4527-ab70-e10b33c70103_1600x422.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fcxv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74b46d7e-2320-4527-ab70-e10b33c70103_1600x422.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fcxv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74b46d7e-2320-4527-ab70-e10b33c70103_1600x422.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fcxv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74b46d7e-2320-4527-ab70-e10b33c70103_1600x422.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fcxv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74b46d7e-2320-4527-ab70-e10b33c70103_1600x422.png" width="1456" height="384" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/74b46d7e-2320-4527-ab70-e10b33c70103_1600x422.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:384,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fcxv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74b46d7e-2320-4527-ab70-e10b33c70103_1600x422.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fcxv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74b46d7e-2320-4527-ab70-e10b33c70103_1600x422.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fcxv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74b46d7e-2320-4527-ab70-e10b33c70103_1600x422.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Fcxv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F74b46d7e-2320-4527-ab70-e10b33c70103_1600x422.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#7847;u ti&#234;n l&#224; <strong>Reach </strong>&#8212; Content c&#243; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c hay kh&#244;ng. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; l&#7899;p gi&#250;p m&#236;nh hi&#7875;u c&#243; bao nhi&#234;u ng&#432;&#7901;i nh&#236;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t, nh&#432;ng ch&#7881; d&#7915;ng &#7903; &#273;&#226;y th&#236; ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.</p><p>Ti&#7871;p theo l&#224; <strong>Engagement</strong> &#8212; Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng c&#243; d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i hay kh&#244;ng. Tr&#234;n Meta, &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y th&#7875; hi&#7879;n qua reaction, comment, share ho&#7863;c c&#225;c h&#224;nh vi t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c kh&#225;c.</p><p>Sau &#273;&#243; l&#224; <strong>Click</strong> &#8212; Ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng c&#243; quan t&#226;m &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#7875; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng hay ch&#432;a. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c m&#236;nh t&#7915;ng b&#7887; qua, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a content &#8220;&#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#237;ch&#8221; v&#224; content &#8220;t&#7841;o ra h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng&#8221;.</p><p>Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng l&#224;<strong> Conversion </strong>&#8212; C&#243; bao nhi&#234;u ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#7921;c s&#7921; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh lead. &#272;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; l&#7899;p gi&#250;p m&#236;nh tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#226;u h&#7887;i quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t: content n&#224;y c&#243; mang l&#7841;i k&#7871;t qu&#7843; hay kh&#244;ng.</p><p>Trong ph&#7847;n 1 n&#224;y m&#236;nh s&#7869; <strong>t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o 3 ch&#7881; s&#7889; ch&#237;nh l&#224;: Reach, Engagement v&#224; Click nha.</strong></p><h2><strong>V&#7853;y m&#236;nh t&#7889;i &#432;u content nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o t&#7915; 4 l&#7899;p ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y?</strong></h2><p>Sau khi b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u nh&#236;n content theo 4 l&#7899;p ch&#7881; s&#7889;, m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng: kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i b&#224;i n&#224;o c&#361;ng c&#7847;n t&#7889;i &#432;u gi&#7889;ng nhau. Vi&#7879;c <strong>&#273;&#7885;c data ch&#7881; th&#7921;c s&#7921; c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a khi m&#236;nh &#273;&#7863;t n&#243; trong &#273;&#250;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a b&#224;i vi&#7871;t</strong>. </p><blockquote><p><em>V&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; b&#224;i awareness &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c, b&#224;i BOFU &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i. Do v&#7853;y, t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng v&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a m&#7895;i b&#224;i, m&#236;nh s&#7869; ch&#7885;n c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#225;c nhau &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch.</em></p></blockquote><p>V&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i mang m&#7909;c ti&#234;u <strong>awareness ho&#7863;c creative</strong>, m&#236;nh s&#7869; &#432;u ti&#234;n <strong>reach v&#224; engagement.</strong></p><p>Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, hai ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y s&#7869; c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;i c&#249;ng nhau. Thay v&#236; h&#7887;i &#8220;b&#224;i n&#224;y c&#243; nhi&#7873;u t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c kh&#244;ng?&#8221;, m&#236;nh s&#7869; nh&#236;n xem v&#7899;i m&#7913;c reach &#273;&#243;, t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c c&#243; &#273;ang &#7903; m&#7913;c h&#7907;p l&#253; hay kh&#244;ng.</p><blockquote><p><em>V&#237; d&#7909;, n&#7871;u m&#7897;t b&#224;i c&#243; reach kh&#225; t&#7889;t nh&#432;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c kh&#244;ng t&#259;ng t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng, m&#236;nh s&#7869; xem l&#7841;i n&#7897;i dung c&#243; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&#7911; &#8220;ch&#7841;m&#8221; &#273;&#7875; gi&#7919; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c hay ch&#432;a. L&#250;c n&#224;y, m&#236;nh s&#7869; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7909;ng v&#224;o CTA hay landing page, m&#224; quay l&#7841;i t&#7889;i &#432;u ph&#7847;n m&#7903; &#273;&#7847;u (hook, headline ho&#7863;c c&#225;ch m&#236;nh d&#7851;n d&#7855;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;). V&#236; v&#7899;i lo&#7841;i content n&#224;y, &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t v&#7851;n l&#224; khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i v&#224; ch&#250; &#253;.</em></p></blockquote><p>Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i mang m&#7909;c ti&#234;u <strong>chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i (BOFU)</strong>, m&#236;nh s&#7869; nh&#236;n nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n v&#224;o <strong>click v&#224; CTR</strong>. C&#243; nh&#7919;ng b&#224;i t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c kh&#225; &#7893;n, c&#243; comment, c&#243; discussion, nh&#432;ng click l&#7841;i th&#7845;p. Khi &#273;&#243;, v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; th&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; n&#7897;i dung ch&#237;nh, m&#224; n&#7857;m &#7903; c&#225;ch m&#236;nh d&#7851;n ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c &#273;i ti&#7871;p. C&#243; th&#7875; CTA ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; r&#245;, ho&#7863;c placement ch&#432;a h&#7907;p l&#253;. Nh&#7919;ng l&#250;c n&#224;y, m&#236;nh s&#7869; th&#7917; vi&#7871;t l&#7841;i CTA theo h&#432;&#7899;ng c&#7909; th&#7875; h&#417;n, ho&#7863;c &#273;&#432;a CTA l&#234;n s&#7899;m h&#417;n trong b&#224;i thay v&#236; &#273;&#7875; &#7903; cu&#7889;i.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJ4v!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ccefc6b-8ae1-4bb3-a456-92efa83d3bd6_872x756.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJ4v!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ccefc6b-8ae1-4bb3-a456-92efa83d3bd6_872x756.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJ4v!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ccefc6b-8ae1-4bb3-a456-92efa83d3bd6_872x756.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJ4v!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ccefc6b-8ae1-4bb3-a456-92efa83d3bd6_872x756.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJ4v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ccefc6b-8ae1-4bb3-a456-92efa83d3bd6_872x756.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJ4v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ccefc6b-8ae1-4bb3-a456-92efa83d3bd6_872x756.png" width="872" height="756" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2ccefc6b-8ae1-4bb3-a456-92efa83d3bd6_872x756.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:756,&quot;width&quot;:872,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJ4v!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ccefc6b-8ae1-4bb3-a456-92efa83d3bd6_872x756.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJ4v!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ccefc6b-8ae1-4bb3-a456-92efa83d3bd6_872x756.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJ4v!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ccefc6b-8ae1-4bb3-a456-92efa83d3bd6_872x756.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xJ4v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ccefc6b-8ae1-4bb3-a456-92efa83d3bd6_872x756.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>M&#7897;t tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p kh&#225;c m&#236;nh g&#7863;p kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u l&#224; <strong>click t&#7889;t, nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng ra lead</strong>. V&#224; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; l&#250;c m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra: kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#7857;m &#7903; content n&#7919;a. Khi g&#7863;p t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng n&#224;y, m&#236;nh s&#7869; ki&#7875;m tra l&#7841;i xem <strong>th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p gi&#7919;a content v&#224; landing page</strong> c&#243; &#273;ang b&#7883; l&#7879;ch kh&#244;ng, ho&#7863;c <strong>landing page</strong> c&#243; &#273;&#7911; r&#245; r&#224;ng v&#224; thuy&#7871;t ph&#7909;c &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng hay kh&#244;ng.</p><p>Khi nh&#236;n theo c&#225;ch n&#224;y, m&#236;nh kh&#244;ng c&#242;n c&#7889; &#8220;l&#224;m content t&#7889;t h&#417;n&#8221; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch chung chung n&#7919;a. M&#7895;i l&#7847;n t&#7889;i &#432;u &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; m&#7897;t l&#253; do r&#7845;t r&#245; r&#224;ng: <strong>b&#224;i n&#224;y &#273;ang ph&#7909;c v&#7909; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u g&#236;, v&#224; m&#236;nh c&#7847;n c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n &#273;&#250;ng ph&#7847;n n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; k&#233;o ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;i th&#234;m m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c trong h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh.</strong></p><p>Sau khi b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u nh&#236;n content theo 4 l&#7899;p ch&#7881; s&#7889;, m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u: <strong>m&#7895;i b&#224;i vi&#7871;t kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n &#8220;t&#7889;t to&#224;n di&#7879;n&#8221;, m&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; bi&#7871;t n&#243; &#273;ang y&#7871;u &#7903; &#273;&#226;u &#273;&#7875; t&#7889;i &#432;u &#273;&#250;ng ch&#7895;</strong>. Thay v&#236; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng l&#224;m m&#7885;i th&#7913; t&#7889;t h&#417;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch chung chung, m&#236;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u &#273;&#7885;c data theo ki&#7875;u &#8220;b&#224;i n&#224;y &#273;ang m&#7855;c &#7903; b&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;o&#8221;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ugu7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0452b17b-c00a-4fe4-9268-7df2eaa5d814_1600x863.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ugu7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0452b17b-c00a-4fe4-9268-7df2eaa5d814_1600x863.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ugu7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0452b17b-c00a-4fe4-9268-7df2eaa5d814_1600x863.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ugu7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0452b17b-c00a-4fe4-9268-7df2eaa5d814_1600x863.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ugu7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0452b17b-c00a-4fe4-9268-7df2eaa5d814_1600x863.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ugu7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0452b17b-c00a-4fe4-9268-7df2eaa5d814_1600x863.png" width="1456" height="785" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0452b17b-c00a-4fe4-9268-7df2eaa5d814_1600x863.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:785,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ugu7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0452b17b-c00a-4fe4-9268-7df2eaa5d814_1600x863.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ugu7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0452b17b-c00a-4fe4-9268-7df2eaa5d814_1600x863.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ugu7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0452b17b-c00a-4fe4-9268-7df2eaa5d814_1600x863.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ugu7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0452b17b-c00a-4fe4-9268-7df2eaa5d814_1600x863.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h2><p>Nh&#236;n l&#7841;i, m&#236;nh ngh&#297; sai l&#7847;m l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; m&#236;nh l&#224;m content ch&#432;a &#273;&#7911; t&#7889;t. M&#224; l&#224; m&#236;nh c&#243; k&#7871;t qu&#7843;, nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u v&#236; sao m&#236;nh c&#243; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; &#273;&#243;.</p><p>S&#7889; li&#7879;u nh&#236;n v&#7851;n &#8220;&#7893;n&#8221;, nh&#432;ng t&#7845;t c&#7843; di&#7877;n ra theo ki&#7875;u kh&#225; ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n. Vi&#7871;t nhi&#7873;u ch&#432;a ch&#7855;c &#273;&#227; t&#7889;t h&#417;n, v&#224; &#273;&#244;i khi vi&#7871;t &#237;t h&#417;n th&#236; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; v&#7851;n kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i. B&#7903;i n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c logic ph&#237;a sau, th&#236; m&#236;nh g&#7847;n nh&#432; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; t&#7889;i &#432;u hay l&#7863;p l&#7841;i nh&#7919;ng g&#236; &#273;ang ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><p>Ch&#7881; khi b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u nh&#236;n content theo t&#7915;ng b&#432;&#7899;c trong h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh,t&#7915; reach, engagement, &#273;&#7871;n click, m&#236;nh m&#7899;i d&#7847;n hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;ang d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#7903; &#273;&#226;u, v&#224; m&#236;nh c&#7847;n c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; &#273;&#7875; k&#233;o h&#7885; &#273;i ti&#7871;p.</p><p>V&#224; c&#243; l&#7869; &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t m&#236;nh h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;:</p><blockquote><p><strong>Content t&#7889;t kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#224; content nhi&#7873;u view M&#224; l&#224; content gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;i th&#234;m m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c trong h&#224;nh tr&#236;nh</strong></p></blockquote><h2><strong>V&#224; c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n ch&#432;a d&#7915;ng l&#7841;i &#7903; &#273;&#243;&#8230;</strong></h2><p>Nh&#432; m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p b&#234;n tr&#234;n th&#236; nhi&#7873;u b&#224;i click t&#7889;t nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i kh&#244;ng ra lead, &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; n&#7857;m &#7903; <strong>landing page</strong> ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7889;i &#432;u &#273;&#7873; ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c. M&#236;nh s&#7869; chia s&#7867; chi ti&#7871;t h&#417;n v&#7873; c&#225;ch &#273;&#7885;c v&#224; t&#7889;i &#432;u c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#7903; landing page trong ph&#7847;n 2 c&#7911;a series n&#224;y nha.</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; c&#225;ch x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; t&#432; duy x&#226;y d&#7921;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o/ dashboard v&#7899;i Excel, h&#227;y tham kh&#7843;o <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=facebook&amp;utm_medium=substack&amp;utm_campaign=content_performance%20_tracking_p1&amp;utm_product=excel">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Visualization &amp; Analytics with Excel</a></strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=facebook&amp;utm_medium=substack&amp;utm_campaign=content_performance%20_tracking_p1&amp;utm_product=excel"> </a>c&#7911;a TM Data School.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mIJO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f8f0113-4d81-4458-95d1-e8a7b612c11f_1600x673.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mIJO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f8f0113-4d81-4458-95d1-e8a7b612c11f_1600x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mIJO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4f8f0113-4d81-4458-95d1-e8a7b612c11f_1600x673.png 848w, 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stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"><em>Subcribe &#8220;Marketing Data Analytics &amp; AI Strategy&#8221; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t th&#234;m nhi&#7873;u b&#224;i vi&#7871;t h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; marketing analytics b&#7841;n nh&#233;!</em> </p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Power Query là gì? Sử dụng Power Query để làm sạch dữ liệu trong Power BI như thế nào?]]></title><description><![CDATA[L&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c quan tr&#7885;ng trong quy tr&#236;nh c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u, kh&#244;ng c&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#8220;s&#7841;ch&#8221; b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;p theo nh&#432; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch & x&#226;y d&#7921;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o.]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/power-query-la-gi-su-dung-power-query</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/power-query-la-gi-su-dung-power-query</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Marketing Analytics & AI]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 01 Apr 2026 09:02:34 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AVFk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a79950d-d636-4701-89f6-08fcc296c73c_1544x984.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>L&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c quan tr&#7885;ng trong quy tr&#236;nh c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u, kh&#244;ng c&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#8220;s&#7841;ch&#8221; b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;p theo nh&#432; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &amp; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o. Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, Tomorrow Marketers s&#7869; c&#249;ng b&#7841;n &#273;i t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; c&#244;ng c&#7909; Power Query, v&#224; c&#225;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong Power BI nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AVFk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a79950d-d636-4701-89f6-08fcc296c73c_1544x984.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AVFk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9a79950d-d636-4701-89f6-08fcc296c73c_1544x984.png 424w, 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class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>1. Power Query l&#224; g&#236;?</h2><p>Power Query l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;ch h&#7907;p s&#7861;n trong Microsoft Excel v&#224; Power BI cho ph&#233;p ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c thao t&#225;c l&#224;m s&#7841;ch v&#224; chu&#7849;n h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#432;&#7899;c khi t&#7843;i v&#224;o Excel ho&#7863;c Power BI &#273;&#7875; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch.</p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; t&#237;nh n&#259;ng n&#7893;i b&#7853;t c&#7911;a Power Query:</p><ul><li><p><strong>K&#7871;t n&#7889;i v&#7899;i &#273;a d&#7841;ng c&#225;c ngu&#7891;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau:</strong> B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Power Query &#273;&#7875; k&#7871;t n&#7889;i k&#233;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; nhi&#7873;u ngu&#7891;n kh&#225;c nhau bao g&#7891;m: Excel Workbook, Text/CSV, Folder, Google Sheets, SQL Server database,... v&#7873; m&#7897;t n&#417;i l&#224; Power Query &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u (Transforming data): </strong>Kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n c&#243; b&#7845;t c&#7913; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c g&#236; v&#7873; coding, b&#7841;n v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c thao t&#225;c &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253;, l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#7909;c v&#7909; cho qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch nh&#432;:</p><ul><li><p>Pivot / Unpivot</p></li><li><p>T&#225;ch/ H&#7907;p nh&#7845;t c&#225;c c&#7897;t (Split / Merge)</p></li><li><p>T&#7841;o th&#234;m c&#7897;t m&#7899;i</p></li><li><p>X&#243;a h&#224;ng, c&#7897;t, gi&#225; tr&#7883; tr&#7889;ng, l&#7895;i</p></li><li><p>Thay &#273;&#7893;i ki&#7875;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u</p></li><li><p>&#8230;..</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>K&#7871;t h&#7907;p c&#225;c b&#7843;ng: </strong>Power Query cho ph&#233;p k&#7871;t h&#7907;p nhi&#7873;u b&#7843;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; li&#234;n quan l&#7841;i v&#7899;i nhau th&#244;ng qua m&#7897;t c&#7897;t chung, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p c&#243; th&#7875; thay th&#7871; cho h&#224;m VLOOKUP c&#7911;a Excel gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tra c&#7913;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7915; c&#225;c b&#7843;ng kh&#225;c nhau.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p><strong>T&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng h&#243;a c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c: </strong>V&#7899;i m&#7895;i b&#432;&#7899;c x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, Power Query s&#7869; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng ghi nh&#7899; c&#225;c thao t&#225;c x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n. Khi b&#225;o c&#225;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#224;m m&#7899;i hay c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t th&#234;m t&#7915; ngu&#7891;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u, Power Query s&#7869; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng x&#7917; l&#253; nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y theo c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n v&#224; l&#432;u l&#7841;i tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243; m&#224; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n b&#7845;t c&#7913; thao t&#225;c n&#224;o th&#234;m.</p></li></ul><h2>2. Giao di&#7879;n c&#7911;a Power Query</h2><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; truy c&#7853;p v&#224;o Power Query ngay khi import d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224;o Power BI, ho&#7863;c b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch nh&#7845;p chu&#7897;t v&#224;o n&#250;t <strong>&#8220;Transform data&#8221;</strong> trong tab Home &#273;&#7875; truy c&#7853;p v&#224;o Power Query.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2ni!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3a40d3-4f14-442b-88f4-480688570544_1319x319.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2ni!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3a40d3-4f14-442b-88f4-480688570544_1319x319.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2ni!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3a40d3-4f14-442b-88f4-480688570544_1319x319.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2ni!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3a40d3-4f14-442b-88f4-480688570544_1319x319.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2ni!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3a40d3-4f14-442b-88f4-480688570544_1319x319.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2ni!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3a40d3-4f14-442b-88f4-480688570544_1319x319.png" width="1319" height="319" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bd3a40d3-4f14-442b-88f4-480688570544_1319x319.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:319,&quot;width&quot;:1319,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2ni!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3a40d3-4f14-442b-88f4-480688570544_1319x319.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2ni!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3a40d3-4f14-442b-88f4-480688570544_1319x319.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2ni!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3a40d3-4f14-442b-88f4-480688570544_1319x319.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!G2ni!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbd3a40d3-4f14-442b-88f4-480688570544_1319x319.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; giao di&#7879;n c&#7911;a Power Query:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W6t6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48a44b8a-07ed-4490-af50-ca23d8f00112_1600x855.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W6t6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48a44b8a-07ed-4490-af50-ca23d8f00112_1600x855.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W6t6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48a44b8a-07ed-4490-af50-ca23d8f00112_1600x855.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W6t6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48a44b8a-07ed-4490-af50-ca23d8f00112_1600x855.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W6t6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48a44b8a-07ed-4490-af50-ca23d8f00112_1600x855.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W6t6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48a44b8a-07ed-4490-af50-ca23d8f00112_1600x855.png" width="1456" height="778" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/48a44b8a-07ed-4490-af50-ca23d8f00112_1600x855.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:778,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W6t6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48a44b8a-07ed-4490-af50-ca23d8f00112_1600x855.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W6t6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48a44b8a-07ed-4490-af50-ca23d8f00112_1600x855.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W6t6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48a44b8a-07ed-4490-af50-ca23d8f00112_1600x855.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W6t6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F48a44b8a-07ed-4490-af50-ca23d8f00112_1600x855.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Giao di&#7879;n c&#7911;a Power Query bao g&#7891;m 5 th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n ch&#237;nh:</p><p><strong>(1) Ribbon: </strong>Ch&#7913;a c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; cho ph&#233;p ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c thao t&#225;c x&#7917; l&#253;, bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7893;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; t&#7843;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224;o Power BI sau khi ho&#224;n t&#7845;t.</p><p><strong>(2) Queries pane: </strong>Hi&#7875;n th&#7883; t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c truy v&#7845;n (Queries) m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;ang th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n.</p><p><strong>(3) Current view:</strong> Hi&#7875;n th&#7883; b&#7843;n xem tr&#432;&#7899;c c&#7911;a b&#7843;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u sau khi &#273;&#227; &#225;p d&#7909;ng c&#225;c thao t&#225;c x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p><strong>(4) Query settings: </strong>N&#417;i l&#432;u l&#7841;i l&#7847;n l&#432;&#7907;t c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c truy v&#7845;n, x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n.</p><p><strong>(5) Status bar: </strong>Hi&#7875;n th&#7883; th&#244;ng tin li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n truy v&#7845;n nh&#432; s&#7889; h&#224;ng, c&#7897;t trong b&#7843;ng. T&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i <strong>Current view </strong>t&#7915; hi&#7875;n th&#7883; 1000 d&#242;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n th&#224;nh hi&#7875;n th&#7883; to&#224;n b&#7897; d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_2U!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98ad7b7c-e0da-4dc6-9e20-e02a02b2066f_542x62.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_2U!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98ad7b7c-e0da-4dc6-9e20-e02a02b2066f_542x62.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_2U!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98ad7b7c-e0da-4dc6-9e20-e02a02b2066f_542x62.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_2U!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98ad7b7c-e0da-4dc6-9e20-e02a02b2066f_542x62.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_2U!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98ad7b7c-e0da-4dc6-9e20-e02a02b2066f_542x62.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_2U!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98ad7b7c-e0da-4dc6-9e20-e02a02b2066f_542x62.png" width="542" height="62" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/98ad7b7c-e0da-4dc6-9e20-e02a02b2066f_542x62.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:62,&quot;width&quot;:542,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_2U!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98ad7b7c-e0da-4dc6-9e20-e02a02b2066f_542x62.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_2U!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98ad7b7c-e0da-4dc6-9e20-e02a02b2066f_542x62.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_2U!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98ad7b7c-e0da-4dc6-9e20-e02a02b2066f_542x62.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!X_2U!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98ad7b7c-e0da-4dc6-9e20-e02a02b2066f_542x62.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>V&#7853;y l&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; n&#7855;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c giao di&#7879;n c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#7911;a Power Query, trong ph&#7847;n ti&#7871;p theo TM s&#7869; c&#249;ng b&#7841;n &#273;i t&#236;m hi&#7875;u c&#225;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Power Query &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#233;!</p><h2>3. S&#7917; d&#7909;ng Power Query &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong Power BI th&#7871; n&#224;o?</h2><p>Trong nh&#7919;ng n&#7897;i dung ti&#7871;p theo, TM s&#7869; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n b&#7841;n m&#7897;t v&#224;i thao t&#225;c &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong Power BI nh&#233;!</p><h3>3.1. Transpose table (&#272;&#7843;o chi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; d&#242;ng th&#224;nh c&#7897;t)</h3><p>Ch&#7885;n b&#7843;ng c&#7847;n &#273;&#7843;o chi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; d&#242;ng th&#224;nh c&#7897;t (&#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; b&#7843;ng Product Category), v&#224;o tab Transform v&#224; ch&#7885;n <strong>&#8220;Transpose&#8221;</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U1O3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e5eb5c1-44bd-4278-a869-ea227178a2ad_1389x472.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U1O3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e5eb5c1-44bd-4278-a869-ea227178a2ad_1389x472.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U1O3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e5eb5c1-44bd-4278-a869-ea227178a2ad_1389x472.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U1O3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e5eb5c1-44bd-4278-a869-ea227178a2ad_1389x472.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U1O3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e5eb5c1-44bd-4278-a869-ea227178a2ad_1389x472.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U1O3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e5eb5c1-44bd-4278-a869-ea227178a2ad_1389x472.png" width="1389" height="472" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3e5eb5c1-44bd-4278-a869-ea227178a2ad_1389x472.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:472,&quot;width&quot;:1389,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U1O3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e5eb5c1-44bd-4278-a869-ea227178a2ad_1389x472.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U1O3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e5eb5c1-44bd-4278-a869-ea227178a2ad_1389x472.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U1O3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e5eb5c1-44bd-4278-a869-ea227178a2ad_1389x472.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!U1O3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e5eb5c1-44bd-4278-a869-ea227178a2ad_1389x472.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>D&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7843;ng sau khi &#273;&#7843;o chi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; c&#243; d&#7841;ng nh&#432; h&#236;nh d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aeer!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0f7e209-f793-441d-b476-b0630c20ef12_1381x457.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aeer!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0f7e209-f793-441d-b476-b0630c20ef12_1381x457.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aeer!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0f7e209-f793-441d-b476-b0630c20ef12_1381x457.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aeer!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0f7e209-f793-441d-b476-b0630c20ef12_1381x457.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aeer!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0f7e209-f793-441d-b476-b0630c20ef12_1381x457.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aeer!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0f7e209-f793-441d-b476-b0630c20ef12_1381x457.png" width="1381" height="457" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a0f7e209-f793-441d-b476-b0630c20ef12_1381x457.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:457,&quot;width&quot;:1381,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aeer!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0f7e209-f793-441d-b476-b0630c20ef12_1381x457.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aeer!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0f7e209-f793-441d-b476-b0630c20ef12_1381x457.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aeer!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0f7e209-f793-441d-b476-b0630c20ef12_1381x457.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aeer!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa0f7e209-f793-441d-b476-b0630c20ef12_1381x457.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>3.2. Promote Headers (Bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh t&#234;n c&#7897;t)</h3><p>C&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y b&#7843;ng k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ch&#432;a c&#243; t&#234;n c&#7897;t m&#224; &#273;ang &#273;&#7875; m&#7863;c &#273;&#7883;nh l&#224; Column 1 v&#224; Column 2. B&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i bi&#7871;n d&#242;ng &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n: product_category_name &amp; product_category_name_english th&#224;nh t&#234;n c&#7897;t.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y, quay tr&#7903; l&#7841;i tab Home v&#224; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n <strong>&#8220;Use First Row as Headers&#8221;</strong> (1) v&#224; b&#7841;n s&#7869; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#7871;t qu&#7843; nh&#432; h&#236;nh d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y (2):</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vwVo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab9d45b6-e497-47de-979a-9fff1bd2c8a8_1382x487.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vwVo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab9d45b6-e497-47de-979a-9fff1bd2c8a8_1382x487.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vwVo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab9d45b6-e497-47de-979a-9fff1bd2c8a8_1382x487.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vwVo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab9d45b6-e497-47de-979a-9fff1bd2c8a8_1382x487.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vwVo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab9d45b6-e497-47de-979a-9fff1bd2c8a8_1382x487.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vwVo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab9d45b6-e497-47de-979a-9fff1bd2c8a8_1382x487.png" width="1382" height="487" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ab9d45b6-e497-47de-979a-9fff1bd2c8a8_1382x487.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:487,&quot;width&quot;:1382,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vwVo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab9d45b6-e497-47de-979a-9fff1bd2c8a8_1382x487.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vwVo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab9d45b6-e497-47de-979a-9fff1bd2c8a8_1382x487.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vwVo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab9d45b6-e497-47de-979a-9fff1bd2c8a8_1382x487.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vwVo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fab9d45b6-e497-47de-979a-9fff1bd2c8a8_1382x487.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>3.2. Pivot/Unpivot (Chuy&#7875;n b&#7843;ng m&#7897;t chi&#7873;u th&#224;nh hai chi&#7873;u v&#224; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i)</h3><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; b&#7843;ng m&#7897;t chi&#7873;u th&#224;nh b&#7843;ng hai chi&#7873;u v&#224; ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng <strong>&#8220;Pivot/Unpivot Columns&#8221;</strong> trong tab Transform.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lc4b!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b853ea2-4017-466a-83da-50e68a7be605_917x191.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lc4b!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b853ea2-4017-466a-83da-50e68a7be605_917x191.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lc4b!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b853ea2-4017-466a-83da-50e68a7be605_917x191.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lc4b!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b853ea2-4017-466a-83da-50e68a7be605_917x191.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lc4b!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b853ea2-4017-466a-83da-50e68a7be605_917x191.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lc4b!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b853ea2-4017-466a-83da-50e68a7be605_917x191.png" width="917" height="191" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8b853ea2-4017-466a-83da-50e68a7be605_917x191.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:191,&quot;width&quot;:917,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lc4b!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b853ea2-4017-466a-83da-50e68a7be605_917x191.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lc4b!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b853ea2-4017-466a-83da-50e68a7be605_917x191.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lc4b!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b853ea2-4017-466a-83da-50e68a7be605_917x191.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Lc4b!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8b853ea2-4017-466a-83da-50e68a7be605_917x191.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>3.4. Split/Merge Columns (T&#225;ch/ K&#7871;t h&#7907;p c&#225;c c&#7897;t)</h3><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: B&#7841;n &#273;ang c&#243; m&#7897;t c&#7897;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#7913;a First Name, m&#7897;t c&#7897;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#7913;a Last Name, b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n k&#7871;t h&#7907;p 2 c&#7897;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7841;i v&#7899;i nhau &#273;&#7875; c&#243; 1 c&#7897;t Full Name, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng Merge Columns trong Power Query.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n Merge Columns, b&#7841;n l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#249;ng l&#250;c 2 c&#7897;t mu&#7889;n g&#7897;p v&#7899;i nhau, sau &#273;&#243; v&#224;o Tab Transform v&#224; nh&#7845;n <strong>&#8220;Merge Columns&#8221;.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wpid!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73f73b7f-e449-47fe-8da9-63468116155b_926x150.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wpid!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73f73b7f-e449-47fe-8da9-63468116155b_926x150.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wpid!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73f73b7f-e449-47fe-8da9-63468116155b_926x150.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wpid!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73f73b7f-e449-47fe-8da9-63468116155b_926x150.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wpid!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73f73b7f-e449-47fe-8da9-63468116155b_926x150.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wpid!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73f73b7f-e449-47fe-8da9-63468116155b_926x150.png" width="926" height="150" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/73f73b7f-e449-47fe-8da9-63468116155b_926x150.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:150,&quot;width&quot;:926,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wpid!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73f73b7f-e449-47fe-8da9-63468116155b_926x150.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wpid!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73f73b7f-e449-47fe-8da9-63468116155b_926x150.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wpid!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73f73b7f-e449-47fe-8da9-63468116155b_926x150.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wpid!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73f73b7f-e449-47fe-8da9-63468116155b_926x150.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sau &#273;&#243; nh&#7853;p d&#7845;u &#273;&#7875; ng&#259;n c&#225;ch c&#225;c k&#253; t&#7921; khi g&#7897;p 2 c&#7897;t (Separator) v&#224; t&#234;n c&#7911;a c&#7897;t m&#7899;i, v&#224; nh&#7845;n <strong>&#8220;OK&#8221;</strong> l&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; c&#243; 1 c&#7897;t Full Name m&#7899;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7897;p b&#7903;i 2 c&#7897;t First Name v&#224; Last Name.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2u5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038d8a1a-ac88-48dd-820a-0c1719f9811a_893x376.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2u5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038d8a1a-ac88-48dd-820a-0c1719f9811a_893x376.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2u5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038d8a1a-ac88-48dd-820a-0c1719f9811a_893x376.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2u5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038d8a1a-ac88-48dd-820a-0c1719f9811a_893x376.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2u5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038d8a1a-ac88-48dd-820a-0c1719f9811a_893x376.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2u5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038d8a1a-ac88-48dd-820a-0c1719f9811a_893x376.png" width="893" height="376" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/038d8a1a-ac88-48dd-820a-0c1719f9811a_893x376.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:376,&quot;width&quot;:893,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2u5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038d8a1a-ac88-48dd-820a-0c1719f9811a_893x376.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2u5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038d8a1a-ac88-48dd-820a-0c1719f9811a_893x376.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2u5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038d8a1a-ac88-48dd-820a-0c1719f9811a_893x376.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J2u5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F038d8a1a-ac88-48dd-820a-0c1719f9811a_893x376.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i khi mu&#7889;n t&#225;ch m&#7897;t c&#7897;t ra th&#224;nh nhi&#7873;u c&#7897;t, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng <strong>&#8220;Split Columns&#8221;</strong> v&#7899;i c&#225;c t&#249;y ch&#7885;n nh&#432; h&#236;nh d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#7875; t&#225;ch c&#225;c c&#7897;t.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5wBZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe985e02a-3547-4432-ac83-3e61f266dd68_927x318.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5wBZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe985e02a-3547-4432-ac83-3e61f266dd68_927x318.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5wBZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe985e02a-3547-4432-ac83-3e61f266dd68_927x318.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5wBZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe985e02a-3547-4432-ac83-3e61f266dd68_927x318.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5wBZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe985e02a-3547-4432-ac83-3e61f266dd68_927x318.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5wBZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe985e02a-3547-4432-ac83-3e61f266dd68_927x318.png" width="927" height="318" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e985e02a-3547-4432-ac83-3e61f266dd68_927x318.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:318,&quot;width&quot;:927,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5wBZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe985e02a-3547-4432-ac83-3e61f266dd68_927x318.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5wBZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe985e02a-3547-4432-ac83-3e61f266dd68_927x318.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5wBZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe985e02a-3547-4432-ac83-3e61f266dd68_927x318.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5wBZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe985e02a-3547-4432-ac83-3e61f266dd68_927x318.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>3.5. Removing duplicates (Lo&#7841;i b&#7887; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; tr&#249;ng l&#7863;p)</h3><p>&#272;&#7875; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; tr&#249;ng l&#7863;p, b&#7841;n click v&#224;o t&#234;n c&#7897;t l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n c&#7897;t c&#243; ch&#7913;a gi&#225; tr&#7883; tr&#249;ng, nh&#7845;p chu&#7897;t ph&#7843;i, sau &#273;&#243; ch&#7885;n <strong>&#8220;Remove Duplicate&#8221;</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUwl!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9341bf31-6d21-4c13-a0c6-5f34de07f885_1164x389.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUwl!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9341bf31-6d21-4c13-a0c6-5f34de07f885_1164x389.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUwl!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9341bf31-6d21-4c13-a0c6-5f34de07f885_1164x389.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUwl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9341bf31-6d21-4c13-a0c6-5f34de07f885_1164x389.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUwl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9341bf31-6d21-4c13-a0c6-5f34de07f885_1164x389.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUwl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9341bf31-6d21-4c13-a0c6-5f34de07f885_1164x389.png" width="1164" height="389" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9341bf31-6d21-4c13-a0c6-5f34de07f885_1164x389.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:389,&quot;width&quot;:1164,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUwl!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9341bf31-6d21-4c13-a0c6-5f34de07f885_1164x389.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUwl!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9341bf31-6d21-4c13-a0c6-5f34de07f885_1164x389.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUwl!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9341bf31-6d21-4c13-a0c6-5f34de07f885_1164x389.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jUwl!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9341bf31-6d21-4c13-a0c6-5f34de07f885_1164x389.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>3.6. Replace value (Thay th&#7871; gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7857;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#225;c)</h3><p>T&#237;nh n&#259;ng n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7891;ng b&#7897;, ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7875; thay th&#7871; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; null (&#244; tr&#7889;ng) b&#7857;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#225;c.</p><p>Ch&#7885;n &#244; c&#243; ch&#7913;a gi&#225; tr&#7883; m&#224; b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n thay th&#7871;, nh&#7845;p chu&#7897;t ph&#7843;i sau &#273;&#243; ch&#7885;n <strong>&#8220;Replace Value&#8221;</strong>.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nJc1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce17013e-2deb-4473-8ef7-9a5f26e4a02c_1160x670.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nJc1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce17013e-2deb-4473-8ef7-9a5f26e4a02c_1160x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nJc1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce17013e-2deb-4473-8ef7-9a5f26e4a02c_1160x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nJc1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce17013e-2deb-4473-8ef7-9a5f26e4a02c_1160x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nJc1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce17013e-2deb-4473-8ef7-9a5f26e4a02c_1160x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nJc1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce17013e-2deb-4473-8ef7-9a5f26e4a02c_1160x670.png" width="1160" height="670" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ce17013e-2deb-4473-8ef7-9a5f26e4a02c_1160x670.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:670,&quot;width&quot;:1160,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nJc1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce17013e-2deb-4473-8ef7-9a5f26e4a02c_1160x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nJc1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce17013e-2deb-4473-8ef7-9a5f26e4a02c_1160x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nJc1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce17013e-2deb-4473-8ef7-9a5f26e4a02c_1160x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nJc1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fce17013e-2deb-4473-8ef7-9a5f26e4a02c_1160x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Nh&#7853;p gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7883; l&#7895;i v&#224;o &#244; <strong>&#8220;Value To Find&#8221;</strong> v&#224; nh&#7853;p gi&#225; tr&#7883; mu&#7889;n thay th&#7871; v&#224;o<strong> &#8220;Replace With&#8221;</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZYfe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49e400b8-0cf6-4bcc-9f5d-98c24afa3f82_897x402.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZYfe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49e400b8-0cf6-4bcc-9f5d-98c24afa3f82_897x402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZYfe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49e400b8-0cf6-4bcc-9f5d-98c24afa3f82_897x402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZYfe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49e400b8-0cf6-4bcc-9f5d-98c24afa3f82_897x402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZYfe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49e400b8-0cf6-4bcc-9f5d-98c24afa3f82_897x402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZYfe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49e400b8-0cf6-4bcc-9f5d-98c24afa3f82_897x402.png" width="897" height="402" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/49e400b8-0cf6-4bcc-9f5d-98c24afa3f82_897x402.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:402,&quot;width&quot;:897,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZYfe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49e400b8-0cf6-4bcc-9f5d-98c24afa3f82_897x402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZYfe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49e400b8-0cf6-4bcc-9f5d-98c24afa3f82_897x402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZYfe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49e400b8-0cf6-4bcc-9f5d-98c24afa3f82_897x402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZYfe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F49e400b8-0cf6-4bcc-9f5d-98c24afa3f82_897x402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ngo&#224;i ra b&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; l&#7895;i Missing Value b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch thay th&#7871; gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7883; thi&#7871;u b&#7857;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#225;c v&#7899;i t&#237;nh n&#259;ng <strong>&#8220;Replace Value&#8221; </strong>&#7903; tr&#234;n. &#7902; m&#7909;c &#8220;Value To Find&#8221; b&#7841;n s&#7869; nh&#7853;p ch&#7919; null v&#224; &#7903; &#8220;Replace With&#8221; b&#7841;n s&#7869; nh&#7853;p gi&#225; tr&#7883; mu&#7889;n thay th&#7871;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LES_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42075eb-fb6d-4568-a9f6-990214fc9a83_889x395.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LES_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42075eb-fb6d-4568-a9f6-990214fc9a83_889x395.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LES_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42075eb-fb6d-4568-a9f6-990214fc9a83_889x395.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LES_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42075eb-fb6d-4568-a9f6-990214fc9a83_889x395.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LES_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42075eb-fb6d-4568-a9f6-990214fc9a83_889x395.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LES_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42075eb-fb6d-4568-a9f6-990214fc9a83_889x395.png" width="889" height="395" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c42075eb-fb6d-4568-a9f6-990214fc9a83_889x395.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:395,&quot;width&quot;:889,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LES_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42075eb-fb6d-4568-a9f6-990214fc9a83_889x395.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LES_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42075eb-fb6d-4568-a9f6-990214fc9a83_889x395.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LES_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42075eb-fb6d-4568-a9f6-990214fc9a83_889x395.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LES_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc42075eb-fb6d-4568-a9f6-990214fc9a83_889x395.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>3.7. Change data types (Thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u)</h3><p>Khi import d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224;o Power BI, Power Query s&#7869; t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng gi&#250;p b&#7841;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ki&#7875;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u, tuy nhi&#234;n trong m&#7897;t v&#224;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p ki&#7875;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh sai, l&#250;c n&#224;y b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917;a l&#7841;i b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch nh&#7845;n v&#224;o<strong> icon</strong> &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u m&#7895;i c&#7897;t, sau &#273;&#243; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#224; b&#7841;n mong mu&#7889;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IYRv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7af8d5b7-e85d-4521-bf18-03b971a6f3ec_1161x469.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IYRv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7af8d5b7-e85d-4521-bf18-03b971a6f3ec_1161x469.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IYRv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7af8d5b7-e85d-4521-bf18-03b971a6f3ec_1161x469.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IYRv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7af8d5b7-e85d-4521-bf18-03b971a6f3ec_1161x469.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IYRv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7af8d5b7-e85d-4521-bf18-03b971a6f3ec_1161x469.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IYRv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7af8d5b7-e85d-4521-bf18-03b971a6f3ec_1161x469.png" width="1161" height="469" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7af8d5b7-e85d-4521-bf18-03b971a6f3ec_1161x469.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:469,&quot;width&quot;:1161,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IYRv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7af8d5b7-e85d-4521-bf18-03b971a6f3ec_1161x469.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IYRv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7af8d5b7-e85d-4521-bf18-03b971a6f3ec_1161x469.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IYRv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7af8d5b7-e85d-4521-bf18-03b971a6f3ec_1161x469.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IYRv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7af8d5b7-e85d-4521-bf18-03b971a6f3ec_1161x469.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>3.8. Filter Data (L&#7885;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai)</h3><p>D&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#7841;i lai l&#224; nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t &#8220;b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng&#8221; so v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng x&#7917; l&#253; s&#7869; c&#243; th&#7875; g&#226;y ra s&#7921; sai l&#7879;ch trong k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch.</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng t&#237;nh n&#259;ng Filter trong Power Query &#273;&#7875; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#224;y. D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;ch th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n:</p><p>Ch&#7885;n c&#7897;t mu&#7889;n filter, nh&#7845;p chu&#7897;t v&#224;o icon tam gi&#225;c, t&#249;y v&#224;o ki&#7875;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u (data types) m&#224; c&#225;c t&#249;y ch&#7885;n filter kh&#225;c nhau s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c hi&#7875;n th&#7883;: Number Filters, Text Filters, Date/Time Filters.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1dmU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F366b478b-4d79-409e-b139-0789b4f53941_1161x775.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1dmU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F366b478b-4d79-409e-b139-0789b4f53941_1161x775.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1dmU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F366b478b-4d79-409e-b139-0789b4f53941_1161x775.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1dmU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F366b478b-4d79-409e-b139-0789b4f53941_1161x775.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1dmU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F366b478b-4d79-409e-b139-0789b4f53941_1161x775.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1dmU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F366b478b-4d79-409e-b139-0789b4f53941_1161x775.png" width="1161" height="775" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/366b478b-4d79-409e-b139-0789b4f53941_1161x775.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:775,&quot;width&quot;:1161,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1dmU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F366b478b-4d79-409e-b139-0789b4f53941_1161x775.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1dmU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F366b478b-4d79-409e-b139-0789b4f53941_1161x775.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1dmU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F366b478b-4d79-409e-b139-0789b4f53941_1161x775.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1dmU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F366b478b-4d79-409e-b139-0789b4f53941_1161x775.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sau &#273;&#243; nh&#7853;p &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n Filter v&#224;o. &#7902; &#273;&#226;y v&#237; d&#7909; b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n lo&#7841;i b&#7887; gi&#225; tr&#7883; 15, ch&#7885;n <strong>&#8220;is less than or equal to&#8221;</strong> v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; 10, sau &#273;&#243; nh&#7845;n<strong> &#8220;OK&#8221;</strong>.<strong> </strong>V&#7853;y l&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; lo&#7841;i b&#7887; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai ra kh&#7887;i b&#7843;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9x5H!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b612bd8-dc87-49a3-9133-f3741b475014_893x409.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9x5H!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b612bd8-dc87-49a3-9133-f3741b475014_893x409.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9x5H!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b612bd8-dc87-49a3-9133-f3741b475014_893x409.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9x5H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b612bd8-dc87-49a3-9133-f3741b475014_893x409.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9x5H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b612bd8-dc87-49a3-9133-f3741b475014_893x409.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9x5H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b612bd8-dc87-49a3-9133-f3741b475014_893x409.png" width="893" height="409" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1b612bd8-dc87-49a3-9133-f3741b475014_893x409.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:409,&quot;width&quot;:893,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9x5H!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b612bd8-dc87-49a3-9133-f3741b475014_893x409.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9x5H!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b612bd8-dc87-49a3-9133-f3741b475014_893x409.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9x5H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b612bd8-dc87-49a3-9133-f3741b475014_893x409.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9x5H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1b612bd8-dc87-49a3-9133-f3741b475014_893x409.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tham kh&#7843;o th&#234;m c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c, c&#361;ng nh&#432; c&#225;ch &#225;p d&#7909;ng c&#225;c c&#225;ch x&#7917; l&#253; n&#224;y v&#7899;i t&#7915;ng l&#7895;i c&#7909; th&#7875; trong <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=substack&amp;utm_campaign=data_analysis&amp;utm_content=power-query">kh&#243;a Data Analysis c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers</a>.</p><h2>4. Tips &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n v&#7899;i Power Query</h2><h3>4.1. Hi&#7875;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u h&#417;n v&#7899;i t&#237;nh n&#259;ng Data Profiling</h3><p>Data Profiling l&#224; c&#244;ng c&#7909; cho ph&#225;p b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u h&#417;n v&#7873; t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a m&#236;nh. &#272;&#7875; b&#7853;t t&#237;nh n&#259;ng n&#224;y, b&#7841;n truy c&#7853;p v&#224;o Tab View v&#224; tick v&#224;o c&#225;c &#244; nh&#432; h&#236;nh d&#432;&#7899;i:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Xoh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c0a13b-7a1f-4d03-89be-2c9a100d9745_812x152.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Xoh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c0a13b-7a1f-4d03-89be-2c9a100d9745_812x152.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Xoh!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c0a13b-7a1f-4d03-89be-2c9a100d9745_812x152.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Xoh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c0a13b-7a1f-4d03-89be-2c9a100d9745_812x152.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Xoh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c0a13b-7a1f-4d03-89be-2c9a100d9745_812x152.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Xoh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c0a13b-7a1f-4d03-89be-2c9a100d9745_812x152.png" width="812" height="152" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/67c0a13b-7a1f-4d03-89be-2c9a100d9745_812x152.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:152,&quot;width&quot;:812,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Xoh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c0a13b-7a1f-4d03-89be-2c9a100d9745_812x152.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Xoh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c0a13b-7a1f-4d03-89be-2c9a100d9745_812x152.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Xoh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c0a13b-7a1f-4d03-89be-2c9a100d9745_812x152.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0Xoh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F67c0a13b-7a1f-4d03-89be-2c9a100d9745_812x152.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#244;ng c&#7909; n&#224;y bao g&#7891;m 3 th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n ch&#237;nh:</p><p><strong>(1) Column quality</strong>: Gi&#250;p &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u: Bao nhi&#234;u % ch&#7913;a gi&#225; tr&#7883; h&#7907;p l&#7879; (Valid), bao nhi&#234;u % ch&#7913;a gi&#225; tr&#7883; l&#7895;i (Error) v&#224; bao nhi&#234;u % s&#7889; &#244; trong b&#7843;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7883; tr&#7889;ng (Empty).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z_6s!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e898107-46ed-49c6-af3b-03f787c4d62f_1156x273.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z_6s!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e898107-46ed-49c6-af3b-03f787c4d62f_1156x273.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z_6s!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e898107-46ed-49c6-af3b-03f787c4d62f_1156x273.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z_6s!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e898107-46ed-49c6-af3b-03f787c4d62f_1156x273.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z_6s!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e898107-46ed-49c6-af3b-03f787c4d62f_1156x273.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z_6s!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e898107-46ed-49c6-af3b-03f787c4d62f_1156x273.png" width="1156" height="273" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0e898107-46ed-49c6-af3b-03f787c4d62f_1156x273.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:273,&quot;width&quot;:1156,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z_6s!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e898107-46ed-49c6-af3b-03f787c4d62f_1156x273.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z_6s!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e898107-46ed-49c6-af3b-03f787c4d62f_1156x273.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z_6s!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e898107-46ed-49c6-af3b-03f787c4d62f_1156x273.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!z_6s!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0e898107-46ed-49c6-af3b-03f787c4d62f_1156x273.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>(2) Column distribution:</strong> Cho th&#7845;y s&#7921; ph&#226;n b&#7893; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong c&#225;c c&#7897;t &amp; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; ri&#234;ng bi&#7879;t (distinct) v&#224; duy nh&#7845;t (unique). B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra li&#7879;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; b&#7883; duplicate kh&#244;ng nh&#7901; t&#237;nh n&#259;ng n&#224;y.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zVsq!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda1b5ed8-7c3f-4eb7-a97e-d1243a1cc9da_1162x233.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zVsq!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda1b5ed8-7c3f-4eb7-a97e-d1243a1cc9da_1162x233.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zVsq!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda1b5ed8-7c3f-4eb7-a97e-d1243a1cc9da_1162x233.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zVsq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda1b5ed8-7c3f-4eb7-a97e-d1243a1cc9da_1162x233.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zVsq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda1b5ed8-7c3f-4eb7-a97e-d1243a1cc9da_1162x233.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zVsq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda1b5ed8-7c3f-4eb7-a97e-d1243a1cc9da_1162x233.png" width="1162" height="233" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/da1b5ed8-7c3f-4eb7-a97e-d1243a1cc9da_1162x233.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:233,&quot;width&quot;:1162,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zVsq!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda1b5ed8-7c3f-4eb7-a97e-d1243a1cc9da_1162x233.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zVsq!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda1b5ed8-7c3f-4eb7-a97e-d1243a1cc9da_1162x233.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zVsq!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda1b5ed8-7c3f-4eb7-a97e-d1243a1cc9da_1162x233.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zVsq!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fda1b5ed8-7c3f-4eb7-a97e-d1243a1cc9da_1162x233.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>(3) Column profile: </strong>Hi&#7875;n th&#7883; gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#7911;a c&#7897;t: Max, Min, Agerage, Standard deviation,... Ngo&#224;i ra b&#7841;n c&#242;n c&#243; th&#7875; xem chi ti&#7871;t h&#417;n s&#7921; ph&#226;n b&#7893; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong c&#225;c c&#7897;t, nh&#7901; v&#7853;y m&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m &#8220;kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t&#8221; trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch d&#7877; d&#224;ng h&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2KGP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf19e006-c4d5-4cfb-a576-cfdd917732a6_1159x420.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2KGP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf19e006-c4d5-4cfb-a576-cfdd917732a6_1159x420.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2KGP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf19e006-c4d5-4cfb-a576-cfdd917732a6_1159x420.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2KGP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf19e006-c4d5-4cfb-a576-cfdd917732a6_1159x420.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2KGP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf19e006-c4d5-4cfb-a576-cfdd917732a6_1159x420.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2KGP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf19e006-c4d5-4cfb-a576-cfdd917732a6_1159x420.png" width="1159" height="420" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cf19e006-c4d5-4cfb-a576-cfdd917732a6_1159x420.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:420,&quot;width&quot;:1159,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2KGP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf19e006-c4d5-4cfb-a576-cfdd917732a6_1159x420.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2KGP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf19e006-c4d5-4cfb-a576-cfdd917732a6_1159x420.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2KGP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf19e006-c4d5-4cfb-a576-cfdd917732a6_1159x420.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2KGP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf19e006-c4d5-4cfb-a576-cfdd917732a6_1159x420.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>V&#237; d&#7909;: Gi&#225; tr&#7883; 20 xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u h&#417;n h&#7859;n so v&#7899;i c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; kh&#225;c, c&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253; &#273;&#7871;n &#273;i&#7875;m n&#224;y khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch</em></p><p>Vi&#7879;c hi&#7875;u k&#7929; v&#7873; t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a m&#236;nh s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#243; m&#7897;t &#273;&#7883;nh h&#432;&#7899;ng r&#245; r&#224;ng h&#417;n tr&#432;&#7899;c khi b&#7855;t tay v&#224;o x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m v&#7873; Data Profiling trong t&#224;i li&#7879;u: <a href="https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/power-query/data-profiling-tools">Data Profiling Tools</a></p><h3>4.2. Advanced Editor v&#7899;i M query</h3><p>Trong Power BI, m&#7895;i khi b&#7841;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n thao t&#225;c x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, c&#225;c c&#226;u l&#7879;nh Query M l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra m&#7897;t c&#225;ch t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eee8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40d181b-b496-4561-b6bc-7f3e8617fa17_1479x353.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eee8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40d181b-b496-4561-b6bc-7f3e8617fa17_1479x353.png 424w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a40d181b-b496-4561-b6bc-7f3e8617fa17_1479x353.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:348,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eee8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40d181b-b496-4561-b6bc-7f3e8617fa17_1479x353.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eee8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40d181b-b496-4561-b6bc-7f3e8617fa17_1479x353.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eee8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40d181b-b496-4561-b6bc-7f3e8617fa17_1479x353.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eee8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa40d181b-b496-4561-b6bc-7f3e8617fa17_1479x353.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><em>C&#226;u l&#7879;nh M Query &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o ra khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n thao t&#225;c Promoted Headers</em></p><p>V&#224; b&#7841;n ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#8220;custom&#8221; c&#225;c d&#242;ng code n&#224;y trong c&#7917;a s&#7893; <strong>Advanced Editor</strong> &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c thao t&#225;c x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#226;ng cao h&#417;n kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7861;n trong Power Query.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e4A4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecc55d25-9daf-4e5e-9935-5a6c9cf7ba4d_751x380.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e4A4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecc55d25-9daf-4e5e-9935-5a6c9cf7ba4d_751x380.png 424w, 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e4A4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecc55d25-9daf-4e5e-9935-5a6c9cf7ba4d_751x380.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e4A4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecc55d25-9daf-4e5e-9935-5a6c9cf7ba4d_751x380.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!e4A4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fecc55d25-9daf-4e5e-9935-5a6c9cf7ba4d_751x380.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#7875; truy c&#7853;p v&#224;o Advanced Editor, ch&#7885;n b&#7843;ng mu&#7889;n x&#7917; l&#253;, sau &#273;&#243; v&#224;o Tab Home v&#224; ch&#7885;n <strong>&#8220;Advanced Editor&#8221;</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4uJn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85ebbee3-7088-44e1-b00d-20b30906ba4d_1232x579.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4uJn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F85ebbee3-7088-44e1-b00d-20b30906ba4d_1232x579.png 424w, 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stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#7917;a s&#7893; Advanced Editor s&#7869; hi&#7879;n ra, v&#224; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7881;nh s&#7917;a &#273;o&#7841;n code t&#249;y theo nhu c&#7847;u x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a m&#236;nh.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lqU3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0081a4a9-4406-4ce4-9f78-4d49ff82693a_1257x882.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lqU3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0081a4a9-4406-4ce4-9f78-4d49ff82693a_1257x882.png 424w, 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stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</h2><p>Hy v&#7885;ng nh&#7919;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n tr&#234;n s&#7869; h&#7919;u &#237;ch cho b&#7841;n trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; chu&#7849;n b&#7883; cho vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch.</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; c&#244;ng c&#7909; Power BI, c&#361;ng nh&#432; mu&#7889;n c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n k&#7929; n&#259;ng &#273;&#7885;c s&#7889; ph&#7909;c v&#7909; cho vi&#7879;c ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh, h&#227;y tham kh&#7843;o <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=substack&amp;utm_campaign=data_analysis&amp;utm_content=power-query">kh&#243;a Data Analysis c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers</a> nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-xGf!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6559b7ca-0de9-4e82-81a3-65d23beef087_1055x670.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-xGf!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6559b7ca-0de9-4e82-81a3-65d23beef087_1055x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-xGf!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6559b7ca-0de9-4e82-81a3-65d23beef087_1055x670.png 848w, 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stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"><em>Subcribe blog &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t th&#234;m nhi&#7873;u b&#224;i vi&#7871;t h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; marketing analytics b&#7841;n nh&#233;!</em></p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Dựa vào file data khảo sát, mình đã phân tích để tìm ra chân dung khách hàng mục tiêu cho từng khoá học của Tomorrow Marketers như thế nào? 
]]></title><description><![CDATA[T&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#7843;o s&#225;t h&#7885;c vi&#234;n, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ch&#226;n dung kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng l&#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng (ICP) cho t&#7915;ng kh&#243;a h&#7885;c t&#7841;i Tomorrow Marketers nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o? C&#249;ng t&#236;m hi&#7875;u chi ti&#7871;t trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y!]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/dua-vao-file-data-khao-sat-minh-a</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/dua-vao-file-data-khao-sat-minh-a</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Linh Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 27 Feb 2026 04:23:34 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BFhR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8a58d02-3959-472d-9c95-f03031694683_5760x2880.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BFhR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8a58d02-3959-472d-9c95-f03031694683_5760x2880.png" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BFhR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8a58d02-3959-472d-9c95-f03031694683_5760x2880.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BFhR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8a58d02-3959-472d-9c95-f03031694683_5760x2880.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BFhR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8a58d02-3959-472d-9c95-f03031694683_5760x2880.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!BFhR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff8a58d02-3959-472d-9c95-f03031694683_5760x2880.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Chuy&#7879;n l&#224; cu&#7889;i n&#259;m r&#7891;i, team Marketing c&#7911;a m&#236;nh &#273;ang chu&#7849;n b&#7883; k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch cho n&#259;m m&#7899;i, n&#234;n c&#7843; team c&#7847;n nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u l&#7841;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y, khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ch&#226;n dung kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (ICP), c&#7843; team ch&#7911; y&#7871;u d&#7921;a v&#224;o nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911;, kinh nghi&#7879;m l&#224;m n&#7897;i dung, ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t v&#224;i c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n h&#7885;c vi&#234;n ti&#234;u bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;c ho&#7841; t&#7879;p kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u. C&#225;ch l&#224;m n&#224;y kh&#244;ng sai, v&#224; th&#7921;c t&#7871; v&#7851;n r&#7845;t c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t. Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#224;ng l&#224;m l&#226;u m&#236;nh c&#224;ng c&#7843;m th&#7845;y thi&#7871;u m&#7897;t th&#7913; g&#236; &#273;&#243; <strong>ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; ki&#7875;m ch&#7913;ng nh&#7919;ng gi&#7843; &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#243;</strong>.</p><p>V&#236; v&#7853;y, l&#7847;n n&#224;y m&#236;nh quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n b&#224;i to&#225;n theo m&#7897;t h&#432;&#7899;ng kh&#225;c: <strong>b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong>. M&#236;nh xin team CS t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p l&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#7843;o s&#225;t c&#7911;a <strong>200 h&#7885;c vi&#234;n</strong> &#273;&#227; tham gia c&#225;c kh&#243;a h&#7885;c c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers t&#7915; n&#259;m 2024 &#273;&#7871;n nay. &#272;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#243;m h&#7885;c vi&#234;n &#273;&#227; ho&#224;n th&#224;nh kh&#243;a h&#7885;c v&#224; &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i ph&#7843;n h&#7891;i t&#237;ch c&#7921;c. M&#236;nh ch&#7885;n nh&#243;m n&#224;y v&#236; m&#236;nh mu&#7889;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; h&#417;n nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; h&#7885;c, &#273;&#227; th&#7845;y gi&#225; tr&#7883;, v&#224; th&#7921;c s&#7921; g&#7855;n b&#243; v&#7899;i kho&#225; h&#7885;c.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; file data raw m&#236;nh xin t&#7915; team CS (v&#236; l&#253; do b&#7843;o m&#7853;t n&#234;n m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; thay &#273;&#7893;i th&#244;ng tin h&#7885;c vi&#234;n nh&#432;ng file g&#7889;c c&#361;ng c&#243; nh&#7919;ng c&#7897;t t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;y).</p><p>Data n&#224;y bao g&#7891;m: H&#7885; t&#234;n h&#7885;c vi&#234;n, &#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i, ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh h&#7885;c t&#7841;i TM, th&#7901;i gian &#273;i l&#224;m, vai tr&#242; hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i, quy m&#244; c&#244;ng ty, l&#297;nh v&#7921;c ng&#224;nh ngh&#7873;, thu nh&#7853;p.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAj1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81209d54-4702-4d7a-9ec6-e332ede99e47_1600x628.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAj1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81209d54-4702-4d7a-9ec6-e332ede99e47_1600x628.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAj1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81209d54-4702-4d7a-9ec6-e332ede99e47_1600x628.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAj1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81209d54-4702-4d7a-9ec6-e332ede99e47_1600x628.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAj1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81209d54-4702-4d7a-9ec6-e332ede99e47_1600x628.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAj1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81209d54-4702-4d7a-9ec6-e332ede99e47_1600x628.png" width="1456" height="571" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/81209d54-4702-4d7a-9ec6-e332ede99e47_1600x628.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:571,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAj1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81209d54-4702-4d7a-9ec6-e332ede99e47_1600x628.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAj1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81209d54-4702-4d7a-9ec6-e332ede99e47_1600x628.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAj1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81209d54-4702-4d7a-9ec6-e332ede99e47_1600x628.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!PAj1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81209d54-4702-4d7a-9ec6-e332ede99e47_1600x628.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>M&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a m&#236;nh l&#224;:</strong> T&#7915; file d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y, <strong>x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ICP ph&#249; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t cho t&#7915;ng kho&#225; h&#7885;c</strong>, gi&#250;p team marketing vi&#7871;t n&#7897;i dung h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7899;i &#273;&#250;ng t&#7879;p kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, &#273;&#250;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; v&#224; tr&#225;nh nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p qu&#225; chung chung.</p><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y m&#236;nh s&#7869; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n chi ti&#7871;t c&#225;ch m&#236;nh l&#224;m &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra m&#7897;t k&#7871;t qu&#7843; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng:</p><h2>1. L&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</h2><p>B&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n m&#236;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u l&#224;m s&#7841;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. M&#7863;c d&#249; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng nhi&#7873;u, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u kh&#226;u l&#224;m s&#7841;ch kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7917; l&#253; c&#7849;n th&#7853;n ngay t&#7915; &#273;&#7847;u, to&#224;n b&#7897; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ph&#237;a sau r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; sai l&#7879;ch.</p><p>Trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh l&#224;m, m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; kh&#225; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n trong file n&#224;y: <strong>m&#7897;t &#244; &#273;ang ch&#7913;a qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u th&#244;ng tin</strong>. V&#237; d&#7909;, m&#7897;t h&#7885;c vi&#234;n c&#243; th&#7875; h&#7885;c nhi&#7873;u kh&#243;a, nh&#432;ng t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c kho&#225; &#273;&#243; l&#7841;i b&#7883; ghi g&#7897;p chung trong m&#7897;t d&#242;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y cho g&#7885;n v&#224; &#273;&#7905; m&#7845;t th&#7901;i gian v&#7873; sau, m&#236;nh d&#249;ng Power Query &#273;&#7875; t&#225;ch l&#7841;i th&#244;ng tin kho&#225; h&#7885;c. Thay v&#236; &#273;&#7875; m&#7897;t h&#7885;c vi&#234;n h&#7885;c nhi&#7873;u kho&#225; b&#7883; g&#7897;p chung trong m&#7897;t d&#242;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u, m&#236;nh t&#225;ch l&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; <strong>m&#7895;i d&#242;ng ch&#7881; ghi nh&#7853;n m&#7897;t h&#7885;c vi&#234;n v&#224; m&#7897;t kho&#225; h&#7885;c</strong>.</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o th&#234;m c&#225;ch x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#234;n Power Query b&#7857;ng Excel trong <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=substack&amp;utm_campaign=excel&amp;utm_content=phan_tich_icp&amp;utm_product=excel">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Visualization &amp; Analytics with Excel</a>.</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN9C!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F386c5e42-4ca4-48c9-90c0-5bc317df839d_1600x874.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN9C!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F386c5e42-4ca4-48c9-90c0-5bc317df839d_1600x874.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN9C!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F386c5e42-4ca4-48c9-90c0-5bc317df839d_1600x874.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN9C!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F386c5e42-4ca4-48c9-90c0-5bc317df839d_1600x874.png 1272w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/386c5e42-4ca4-48c9-90c0-5bc317df839d_1600x874.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:795,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN9C!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F386c5e42-4ca4-48c9-90c0-5bc317df839d_1600x874.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN9C!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F386c5e42-4ca4-48c9-90c0-5bc317df839d_1600x874.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN9C!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F386c5e42-4ca4-48c9-90c0-5bc317df839d_1600x874.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AN9C!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F386c5e42-4ca4-48c9-90c0-5bc317df839d_1600x874.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; file sau khi m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; s&#7917;a. T&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; v&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng l&#7895;i kh&#225;c, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#249;ng Power Query &#273;&#7875; fix m&#7897;t c&#225;ch nhanh ch&#243;ng, d&#7877; d&#224;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVnk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa215cc09-e320-4ea2-a636-eba52177a15f_1600x742.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVnk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa215cc09-e320-4ea2-a636-eba52177a15f_1600x742.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVnk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa215cc09-e320-4ea2-a636-eba52177a15f_1600x742.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVnk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa215cc09-e320-4ea2-a636-eba52177a15f_1600x742.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVnk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa215cc09-e320-4ea2-a636-eba52177a15f_1600x742.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVnk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa215cc09-e320-4ea2-a636-eba52177a15f_1600x742.png" width="1456" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a215cc09-e320-4ea2-a636-eba52177a15f_1600x742.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:675,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVnk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa215cc09-e320-4ea2-a636-eba52177a15f_1600x742.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVnk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa215cc09-e320-4ea2-a636-eba52177a15f_1600x742.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVnk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa215cc09-e320-4ea2-a636-eba52177a15f_1600x742.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oVnk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa215cc09-e320-4ea2-a636-eba52177a15f_1600x742.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>2. T&#7841;o Pivot Table v&#224; tr&#7921;c quan ho&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7857;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;</h2><p>Sau khi d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#227; &#8220;s&#7841;ch&#8221;, m&#236;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#432;&#7899;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch. Thay v&#236; nh&#236;n v&#224;o b&#7843;ng s&#7889; li&#7879;u d&#224;i v&#224; c&#7889; g&#7855;ng r&#250;t ra insight ngay, m&#236;nh <strong>list ra nh&#7919;ng c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch</strong>:</p><ul><li><p>Kh&#243;a h&#7885;c n&#224;y thu h&#250;t nh&#243;m kinh nghi&#7879;m n&#224;o nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t?</p></li></ul><ul><li><p>H&#7885;c vi&#234;n ch&#7911; y&#7871;u &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; Big Corp, SME hay Startup?</p></li><li><p>Ng&#224;nh ngh&#7873; n&#224;o xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n nhi&#7873;u?</p></li><li><p>C&#225;c kho&#225; h&#7885;c c&#243; profile h&#7885;c vi&#234;n gi&#7889;ng hay kh&#225;c nhau?</p></li></ul><p>M&#236;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Pivot Table &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh v&#224; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Khi c&#225;c con s&#7889; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;a l&#234;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, vi&#7879;c so s&#225;nh tr&#7903; n&#234;n d&#7877; h&#417;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2v7K!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d3488e9-e956-4680-86d7-88b11f337a24_1600x900.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2v7K!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d3488e9-e956-4680-86d7-88b11f337a24_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2v7K!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d3488e9-e956-4680-86d7-88b11f337a24_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2v7K!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d3488e9-e956-4680-86d7-88b11f337a24_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2v7K!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d3488e9-e956-4680-86d7-88b11f337a24_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2v7K!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d3488e9-e956-4680-86d7-88b11f337a24_1600x900.png" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5d3488e9-e956-4680-86d7-88b11f337a24_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2v7K!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d3488e9-e956-4680-86d7-88b11f337a24_1600x900.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2v7K!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d3488e9-e956-4680-86d7-88b11f337a24_1600x900.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2v7K!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d3488e9-e956-4680-86d7-88b11f337a24_1600x900.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!2v7K!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d3488e9-e956-4680-86d7-88b11f337a24_1600x900.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Slide h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n t&#7841;o Pivot Table b&#7857;ng Excel trong kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Visualization &amp; Analytics with Excel.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=substack&amp;utm_campaign=excel&amp;utm_content=phan_tich_icp&amp;utm_product=excel&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Tham kh&#7843;o kho&#225; h&#7885;c t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=substack&amp;utm_campaign=excel&amp;utm_content=phan_tich_icp&amp;utm_product=excel"><span>Tham kh&#7843;o kho&#225; h&#7885;c t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y</span></a></p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; v&#237; d&#7909; v&#7873; b&#7843;ng Pivot Table m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; t&#7841;o &#273;&#7875; gi&#250;p d&#7877; d&#224;ng so s&#225;nh:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XsfY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c6bee9b-5398-4374-9788-e27d0091caea_1600x599.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XsfY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c6bee9b-5398-4374-9788-e27d0091caea_1600x599.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XsfY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c6bee9b-5398-4374-9788-e27d0091caea_1600x599.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XsfY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c6bee9b-5398-4374-9788-e27d0091caea_1600x599.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XsfY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c6bee9b-5398-4374-9788-e27d0091caea_1600x599.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XsfY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c6bee9b-5398-4374-9788-e27d0091caea_1600x599.png" width="1456" height="545" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4c6bee9b-5398-4374-9788-e27d0091caea_1600x599.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:545,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XsfY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c6bee9b-5398-4374-9788-e27d0091caea_1600x599.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XsfY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c6bee9b-5398-4374-9788-e27d0091caea_1600x599.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XsfY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c6bee9b-5398-4374-9788-e27d0091caea_1600x599.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XsfY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4c6bee9b-5398-4374-9788-e27d0091caea_1600x599.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>T&#7915; b&#7843;ng t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y, m&#236;nh s&#7869; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u tr&#7921;c quan ho&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7857;ng c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#7875; nh&#236;n nhanh b&#7913;c tranh t&#7893;ng quan. Do s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#243;a h&#7885;c kh&#225; nhi&#7873;u, m&#236;nh s&#7917; d&#7909;ng th&#234;m <strong>slicer</strong> &#273;&#7875; l&#7885;c theo t&#7915;ng kho&#225;, gi&#250;p vi&#7879;c quan s&#225;t v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chi ti&#7871;t tr&#7903; n&#234;n r&#245; r&#224;ng, d&#7877; theo d&#245;i h&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knq-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d7a8862-8296-426f-a03f-c35859796613_1600x861.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knq-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d7a8862-8296-426f-a03f-c35859796613_1600x861.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knq-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d7a8862-8296-426f-a03f-c35859796613_1600x861.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knq-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d7a8862-8296-426f-a03f-c35859796613_1600x861.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knq-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d7a8862-8296-426f-a03f-c35859796613_1600x861.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knq-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d7a8862-8296-426f-a03f-c35859796613_1600x861.png" width="1456" height="784" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8d7a8862-8296-426f-a03f-c35859796613_1600x861.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:784,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knq-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d7a8862-8296-426f-a03f-c35859796613_1600x861.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knq-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d7a8862-8296-426f-a03f-c35859796613_1600x861.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knq-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d7a8862-8296-426f-a03f-c35859796613_1600x861.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!knq-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8d7a8862-8296-426f-a03f-c35859796613_1600x861.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2>3. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch data &#273;&#7875; r&#250;t ra ch&#226;n dung kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng</h2><p>&#272;&#226;y c&#361;ng l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c m&#224; m&#236;nh ph&#7843;i l&#224;m l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n nh&#7845;t v&#236; 2 l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u g&#7917;i &#273;i s&#7871;p &#273;&#7873;u kh&#244;ng duy&#7879;t do m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; input qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u th&#244;ng tin.</p><p>L&#250;c &#273;&#7847;u thay v&#236; l&#224;m m&#7897;t b&#7843;ng t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p ng&#7855;n g&#7885;n cho t&#7915;ng kho&#225;, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; g&#7917;i lu&#244;n file google docs ph&#226;n t&#237;ch g&#7847;n 20 trang cho s&#7871;p (v&#236; l&#250;c &#273;&#243; m&#236;nh ngh&#297; l&#224; g&#7917;i c&#224;ng chi ti&#7871;t c&#224;ng t&#7889;t, c&#243; c&#7843; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, ph&#226;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911; ^^).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wMnT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6a2139b-bb64-48a1-9b11-b0172a13abb2_1160x1208.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wMnT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6a2139b-bb64-48a1-9b11-b0172a13abb2_1160x1208.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wMnT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6a2139b-bb64-48a1-9b11-b0172a13abb2_1160x1208.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wMnT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6a2139b-bb64-48a1-9b11-b0172a13abb2_1160x1208.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wMnT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6a2139b-bb64-48a1-9b11-b0172a13abb2_1160x1208.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wMnT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe6a2139b-bb64-48a1-9b11-b0172a13abb2_1160x1208.png" width="1160" height="1208" 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stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-qa1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ef8ca7-ec41-4fe0-af99-ea2bf1d23f41_800x1040.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-qa1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ef8ca7-ec41-4fe0-af99-ea2bf1d23f41_800x1040.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-qa1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F08ef8ca7-ec41-4fe0-af99-ea2bf1d23f41_800x1040.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Nh&#432;ng sau khi &#273;&#432;&#7907;c feedback, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; r&#250;t ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kinh nghi&#7879;m l&#224; <strong>h&#227;y nh&#236;n v&#224;o data v&#224; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n, &#273;&#7915;ng th&#234;m th&#7855;t th&#244;ng tin m&#224; data kh&#244;ng n&#243;i l&#234;n</strong>. M&#236;nh b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7853;p trung ph&#226;n t&#237;ch 3 c&#226;u h&#7887;i ch&#237;nh:</p><ul><li><p>Nh&#243;m n&#224;o chi&#7871;m t&#7927; tr&#7885;ng l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t?</p></li><li><p>Pattern n&#224;o l&#7863;p l&#7841;i nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n?</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#226;u l&#224; nh&#243;m kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng potential nh&#7845;t cho kho&#225; h&#7885;c? </p></li></ul><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: <strong>V&#7899;i kho&#225; h&#7885;c Data Visualization &amp; Analytics with Excel:</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q3Qx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98b6d25f-81f0-4fef-a887-534cb132b9b2_1600x852.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q3Qx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98b6d25f-81f0-4fef-a887-534cb132b9b2_1600x852.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q3Qx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98b6d25f-81f0-4fef-a887-534cb132b9b2_1600x852.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q3Qx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98b6d25f-81f0-4fef-a887-534cb132b9b2_1600x852.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q3Qx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98b6d25f-81f0-4fef-a887-534cb132b9b2_1600x852.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q3Qx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98b6d25f-81f0-4fef-a887-534cb132b9b2_1600x852.png" width="1456" height="775" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/98b6d25f-81f0-4fef-a887-534cb132b9b2_1600x852.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:775,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q3Qx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98b6d25f-81f0-4fef-a887-534cb132b9b2_1600x852.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q3Qx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98b6d25f-81f0-4fef-a887-534cb132b9b2_1600x852.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q3Qx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98b6d25f-81f0-4fef-a887-534cb132b9b2_1600x852.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q3Qx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98b6d25f-81f0-4fef-a887-534cb132b9b2_1600x852.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Visualization &amp; Analytics with Excel ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i:</p><ul><li><p>Sinh vi&#234;n, Intern ho&#7863;c Junior (0&#8211;3 n&#259;m kinh nghi&#7879;m)</p></li><li><p>L&#224;m vi&#7879;c trong SME/Startup ho&#7863;c m&#244;i tr&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#432;a c&#243; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng BI b&#224;i b&#7843;n</p></li><li><p>C&#244;ng vi&#7879;c li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n marketing, business, operations, tech</p></li><li><p>Thu nh&#7853;p d&#432;&#7899;i 20 tri&#7879;u</p></li><li><p>C&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#432;ng <strong>ch&#432;a t&#7921; tin x&#7917; l&#253;, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; l&#224;m b&#225;o c&#225;o logic b&#7857;ng Excel</strong></p></li><li><p>Mu&#7889;n x&#226;y <strong>n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7921;c t&#7871;</strong>, ph&#7909;c v&#7909; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c h&#7857;ng ng&#224;y ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; h&#7885;c c&#244;ng c&#7909;.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>4. T&#7893;ng h&#7907;p insights cho team Marketing</strong></h2><p>B&#432;&#7899;c cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, v&#224; c&#361;ng l&#224; b&#432;&#7899;c m&#236;nh th&#7845;y quan tr&#7885;ng nh&#7845;t, l&#224; &#273;&#432;a insight cho team Marketing. &#272;&#7875; cho m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i trong team ti&#7879;n theo d&#245;i, m&#236;nh &#273;&#227; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p to&#224;n b&#7897; ICP c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng kho&#225; h&#7885;c v&#224;o m&#7897;t file Google Sheet d&#249;ng. M&#7895;i kho&#225; h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#244; t&#7843; b&#7857;ng v&#224;i &#273;o&#7841;n ng&#7855;n:</p><ul><li><p>H&#7885;c vi&#234;n c&#7889;t l&#245;i l&#224; ai?</p></li><li><p>H&#7885; &#273;ang &#7903; giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;o trong s&#7921; nghi&#7879;p?</p></li><li><p>M&#7913;c thu nh&#7853;p &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh l&#224; bao nhi&#234;u?</p></li><li><p>H&#7885; &#273;ang l&#224;m vi&#7879;c trong ng&#224;nh n&#224;o, &#7903; lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh doanh nghi&#7879;p n&#224;o?</p></li><li><p>Insight n&#7893;i b&#7853;t r&#250;t ra t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; g&#236;?</p></li><li><p>K&#7871;t lu&#7853;n chung v&#7873; ICP c&#7911;a kh&#243;a h&#7885;c</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIIG!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a5d6a8-a661-49ca-8d3b-44ac2bd693c8_1600x620.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIIG!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a5d6a8-a661-49ca-8d3b-44ac2bd693c8_1600x620.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIIG!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a5d6a8-a661-49ca-8d3b-44ac2bd693c8_1600x620.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIIG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a5d6a8-a661-49ca-8d3b-44ac2bd693c8_1600x620.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIIG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a5d6a8-a661-49ca-8d3b-44ac2bd693c8_1600x620.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIIG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a5d6a8-a661-49ca-8d3b-44ac2bd693c8_1600x620.png" width="1456" height="564" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/24a5d6a8-a661-49ca-8d3b-44ac2bd693c8_1600x620.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:564,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIIG!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a5d6a8-a661-49ca-8d3b-44ac2bd693c8_1600x620.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIIG!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a5d6a8-a661-49ca-8d3b-44ac2bd693c8_1600x620.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIIG!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a5d6a8-a661-49ca-8d3b-44ac2bd693c8_1600x620.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIIG!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F24a5d6a8-a661-49ca-8d3b-44ac2bd693c8_1600x620.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#225;ch tr&#236;nh b&#224;y n&#224;y gi&#250;p team Marketing kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#8220;&#273;&#7885;c s&#7889; li&#7879;u&#8221;, m&#224; c&#242;n hi&#7875;u nhanh t&#7879;p h&#7885;c vi&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871;, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; d&#7877; d&#224;ng &#225;p d&#7909;ng v&#224;o vi&#7879;c x&#226;y n&#7897;i dung, th&#244;ng &#273;i&#7879;p v&#224; k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng cho t&#7915;ng kho&#225; h&#7885;c.</p><p><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></p><p>Sau khi l&#224;m xong case n&#224;y, m&#236;nh nh&#7853;n ra r&#7857;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng ch&#226;n dung kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; c&#244;ng c&#7909;, m&#224; &#7903; t&#432; duy &#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i v&#224; c&#225;ch &#273;&#7885;c s&#7889; li&#7879;u &#273;&#250;ng ng&#7919; c&#7843;nh. Khi l&#224;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7873;u &#273;&#243;, d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7899;i th&#7921;c s&#7921; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng cho c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh marketing v&#224; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; c&#225;ch x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; t&#432; duy x&#226;y d&#7921;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o/ dashboard v&#7899;i Excel, h&#227;y tham kh&#7843;o <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=substack&amp;utm_campaign=excel&amp;utm_content=phan_tich_icp&amp;utm_product=excel">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Visualization &amp; Analytics with Excel</a></strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=substack&amp;utm_campaign=excel&amp;utm_content=phan_tich_icp&amp;utm_product=excel"> </a>c&#7911;a TM Data School. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nikK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2264bac1-fe0a-42be-84bd-adf1b4d6428c_1600x673.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nikK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2264bac1-fe0a-42be-84bd-adf1b4d6428c_1600x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nikK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2264bac1-fe0a-42be-84bd-adf1b4d6428c_1600x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nikK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2264bac1-fe0a-42be-84bd-adf1b4d6428c_1600x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nikK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2264bac1-fe0a-42be-84bd-adf1b4d6428c_1600x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nikK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2264bac1-fe0a-42be-84bd-adf1b4d6428c_1600x673.png" width="1456" height="612" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2264bac1-fe0a-42be-84bd-adf1b4d6428c_1600x673.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:612,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nikK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2264bac1-fe0a-42be-84bd-adf1b4d6428c_1600x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nikK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2264bac1-fe0a-42be-84bd-adf1b4d6428c_1600x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nikK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2264bac1-fe0a-42be-84bd-adf1b4d6428c_1600x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nikK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2264bac1-fe0a-42be-84bd-adf1b4d6428c_1600x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"><em>Subcribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t th&#234;m nhi&#7873;u b&#224;i vi&#7871;t h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; marketing analytics nh&#233;!</em></p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Lean Analytics – Tại sao cần tư duy phân tích dữ liệu và cách áp dụng vào 6 mô hình kinh doanh phổ biến]]></title><description><![CDATA[Lean Analytics tr&#7843; l&#7901;i m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#432;ng s&#7889;ng c&#242;n: &#8220;C&#7847;n &#273;o c&#225;i g&#236;, v&#224;o l&#250;c n&#224;o, v&#224; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;?&#8221;. T&#236;m hi&#7875;u ngay c&#225;ch t&#225;c gi&#7843; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n ch&#7885;n ra m&#7897;t v&#224;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&#7849;y m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n thay v&#236; &#273;o m&#7885;i th&#7913;.]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/lean-analytics</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/lean-analytics</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 25 Jun 2025 04:09:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>M&#236;nh lu&#244;n t&#242; m&#242; v&#7873; c&#225;ch m&#224; c&#225;c startup th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh nhanh ch&#243;ng, &#273;&#250;ng &#273;&#7855;n v&#224;&#8230; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; c&#7843;m t&#237;nh chi ph&#7889;i. C&#243; m&#7897;t giai &#273;o&#7841;n, m&#236;nh b&#7883; &#8220;ng&#7907;p&#8221; gi&#7919;a v&#244; v&#224;n ch&#7881; s&#7889;, m&#7895;i b&#234;n &#273;&#7873;u b&#7843;o c&#225;i n&#224;y quan tr&#7885;ng, c&#225;i kia ph&#7843;i theo d&#245;i. V&#224; r&#7891;i <em>Lean Analytics</em> xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n nh&#432; m&#7897;t b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; gi&#250;p m&#236;nh hi&#7875;u &#273;&#226;u l&#224; s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#7853;t s&#7921; c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t, m&#224; c&#242;n gi&#250;p m&#236;nh h&#7885;c c&#225;ch nh&#236;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i t&#432; duy c&#243; h&#7879; th&#7889;ng.</p><p><em>Lean Analytics &#8211; Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u tinh g&#7885;n</em> l&#224; m&#7897;t cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch th&#7921;c t&#7871;, kh&#244;ng m&#224;u m&#232;. N&#243; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i m&#7897;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#432;ng s&#7889;ng c&#242;n: <strong>&#8220;C&#7847;n &#273;o c&#225;i g&#236;, v&#224;o l&#250;c n&#224;o, v&#224; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236;?&#8221;</strong>. T&#225;c gi&#7843; kh&#244;ng d&#7841;y b&#7841;n &#8220;&#273;o m&#7885;i th&#7913;&#8221; m&#224; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n h&#7885;c c&#225;ch ch&#7885;n ra m&#7897;t v&#224;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; s&#7869; th&#7921;c s&#7921; &#273;&#7849;y m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ti&#7871;n l&#234;n.</p><h2>Gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u s&#225;ch Lean Analytics</h2><p>&#8216;Lean Analytics&#8217;, b&#7843;n ti&#7871;ng Vi&#7879;t l&#224; &#8216;Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u tinh g&#7885;n&#8217;, l&#224; m&#7897;t quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xu&#7845;t b&#7843;n n&#259;m 2013 b&#7903;i Alistair Croll v&#224; Benjamin Yoskovitz. Quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch vi&#7871;t v&#7873; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p tinh g&#7885;n, d&#7921;a tr&#234;n n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p>N&#7897;i dung c&#7911;a &#8216;Lean Analytics&#8217; bao g&#7891;m b&#7889;n ph&#7847;n ch&#237;nh:</p><ul><li><p>Gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u v&#7873; <a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/data-analysis-la-gi">t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a></p></li><li><p>Gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u t&#7893;ng quan v&#7873; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/5-chi-so-anh-huong-den-loi-nhuan-ma-marketing-va-sales-nen-theo-doi/">c&#225;c lo&#7841;i metrics c&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253; </a>&#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i 6 lo&#7841;i m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh kh&#225;c nhau.</p></li><li><p>Gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch c&#225;c lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau trong v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i c&#7911;a m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p</p></li><li><p>Gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong m&#7897;t t&#7893; ch&#7913;c &#8211; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n th&#224;nh c&#225;c lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p nh&#432; B2B, B2C v&#224; Intrapreneurs (h&#7879; th&#7889;ng cho ph&#233;p c&#225;c nh&#226;n vi&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c kh&#7903;i nghi&#7879;p trong ch&#237;nh c&#244;ng ty h&#7885; &#273;ang l&#224;m vi&#7879;c).</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png" width="279" height="361" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:361,&quot;width&quot;:279,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Lean Analytics - T&#7841;i sao c&#7847;n t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; c&#225;ch &#225;p d&#7909;ng v&#224;o 6  m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n | Tomorrow Marketers&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Lean Analytics - T&#7841;i sao c&#7847;n t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; c&#225;ch &#225;p d&#7909;ng v&#224;o 6  m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n | Tomorrow Marketers" title="Lean Analytics - T&#7841;i sao c&#7847;n t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; c&#225;ch &#225;p d&#7909;ng v&#224;o 6  m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n | Tomorrow Marketers" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S9Ab!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff155593f-c36a-4a7a-b31d-f93e12e12f5e_279x361.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, m&#236;nh s&#7869; chia s&#7867; nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m ch&#237;nh t&#7915; hai ph&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a s&#225;ch &#8211; n&#417;i b&#7841;n s&#7869; h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng v&#224; c&#225;ch x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c metrics quan tr&#7885;ng cho 6 lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh kinh doanh kh&#225;c nhau. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang x&#226;y s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, l&#224;m marketing hay b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u m&#7897;t d&#7921; &#225;n m&#7899;i, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch n&#234;n &#273;&#7885;c.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2>T&#7841;i sao c&#7847;n t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u?</h2><p>M&#236;nh t&#7915;ng ngh&#297; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; vi&#7879;c c&#7911;a&#8230; team data. Nh&#432;ng c&#224;ng l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, m&#236;nh c&#224;ng nh&#7853;n ra: n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng t&#7921; trang b&#7883; cho m&#236;nh m&#7897;t t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#417; b&#7843;n, th&#236; r&#7845;t d&#7877; r&#417;i v&#224;o c&#225;i b&#7851;y l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t: <strong>l&#7915;a d&#7889;i ch&#237;nh m&#236;nh b&#7857;ng nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889; &#8220;c&#243; v&#7867; &#273;&#250;ng&#8221;</strong>.</p><p>Theo hai t&#225;c gi&#7843; Croll v&#224; Yoskovitz c&#7911;a <em>Lean Analytics</em>, m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch l&#7899;n nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch l&#224; &#273;&#7875; nh&#236;n th&#7859;ng v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng <strong>facts</strong> ph&#417;i b&#224;y r&#245; hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t th&#7921;c t&#7871; c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p, ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i nh&#7919;ng c&#7843;m gi&#225;c m&#417; h&#7891; nh&#432; &#8220;m&#236;nh ngh&#297; l&#224; n&#243; &#273;ang &#7893;n&#8221; hay &#8220;c&#243; v&#7867; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng th&#237;ch &#273;&#7845;y&#8221;. Khi c&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, b&#7841;n s&#7869; &#237;t ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh theo c&#7843;m t&#237;nh h&#417;n v&#224; &#273;&#243; l&#224; m&#7897;t b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;n l&#7899;n.</p><p>&#272;i&#7873;u khi&#7871;n m&#236;nh t&#226;m &#273;&#7855;c &#7903; <em>Lean Analytics</em> l&#224; n&#243; kh&#244;ng khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch b&#7841;n &#273;o m&#7885;i th&#7913;. Tr&#225;i l&#7841;i, n&#243; bu&#7897;c b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i <strong>t&#432; duy k&#7929; c&#224;ng v&#7873; c&#226;u h&#7887;i g&#7889;c r&#7877;</strong>: &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236; th&#7921;c s&#7921; quan tr&#7885;ng trong giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y? Ch&#7881; khi b&#7841;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o m&#7897;t v&#224;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#273;&#7911; &#8220;n&#7863;ng k&#253;&#8221;, nh&#7919;ng th&#7913; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n thay &#273;&#7893;i th&#7921;c s&#7921;, th&#236; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch m&#7899;i c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883;. C&#242;n n&#7871;u &#244;m &#273;&#7891;m qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u metrics cho &#8220;b&#7857;ng b&#7841;n b&#7857;ng b&#232;&#8221;, b&#7841;n ch&#7881; &#273;ang ph&#237; ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c v&#224; th&#7901;i gian.</p><p>Th&#244;ng qua quy&#7875;n s&#225;ch, c&#225;c t&#225;c gi&#7843; s&#7869; cung c&#7845;p cho b&#7841;n m&#7897;t b&#7843;n h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n, nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; v&#224; case study nh&#7857;m ch&#7913;ng minh: T&#7853;p trung v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7889;t l&#245;i trong th&#224;nh c&#244;ng c&#7911;a m&#7885;i startup.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra, c&#225;c doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; d&#7877; th&#224;nh c&#244;ng h&#417;n n&#7871;u th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n chu tr&#236;nh &#8220;Build &#8211; Learn &#8211; Measure&#8221; (X&#226;y d&#7921;ng &#8211; T&#236;m hi&#7875;u &#8211; &#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng). C&#7909; th&#7875; h&#417;n, h&#227;y b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u b&#7857;ng vi&#7879;c x&#226;y d&#7921;ng m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m nh&#7887;, v&#7915;a &#273;&#7911; &#273;&#225;p &#7913;ng nhu c&#7847;u ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, sau &#273;&#243; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng v&#224; r&#250;t kinh nghi&#7879;m t&#7915; nh&#7919;ng ph&#233;p &#273;o &#273;&#7875; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng v&#224; ho&#224;n thi&#7879;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m ban &#273;&#7847;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png" width="1023" height="580" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:580,&quot;width&quot;:1023,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ESvP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c22d3d8-74aa-4ec2-94f5-36f9184d8e60_1023x580.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#8216;Lean Analytics&#8217; n&#7857;m trong b&#432;&#7899;c &#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a v&#242;ng tr&#242;n tr&#234;n.</p><h2>6 Business Models ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n v&#224; nh&#7919;ng metrics t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng</h2><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng ph&#7847;n m&#236;nh th&#7845;y hay nh&#7845;t c&#7911;a <em>Lean Analytics</em> l&#224; c&#225;ch m&#224; cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch chia nh&#7887; t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch th&#224;nh t&#7915;ng m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh c&#7909; th&#7875;. M&#7895;i lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh s&#7869; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng &#8220;&#273;&#242;n b&#7849;y&#8221; kh&#225;c nhau, &#273;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; b&#7841;n c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t m&#236;nh &#273;ang ch&#417;i tr&#242; ch&#417;i n&#224;o, v&#224; lu&#7853;t ch&#417;i l&#224; g&#236;.</p><h3>#1. Th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917;</h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t m&#244; h&#236;nh &#273;ang ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n r&#7845;t m&#7841;nh nh&#7919;ng n&#259;m g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y. V&#7899;i m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh n&#224;y, doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p b&#225;n h&#224;ng tr&#234;n c&#225;c n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t s&#7889;. C&#225;c giao d&#7883;ch l&#224; m&#7897;t l&#7847;n. H&#224;ng h&#243;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;n c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; digital nh&#432; file &#226;m nh&#7841;c, ho&#7863;c c&#225;c m&#7863;t h&#224;ng v&#7853;t l&#253;. V&#237; d&#7909;, Uniqlo b&#225;n qu&#7847;n &#225;o th&#244;ng qua trang web http://uniqlo.com/ v&#224; Apple b&#225;n nh&#7841;c th&#244;ng qua Kho nh&#7841;c iTunes.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png" width="1456" height="777" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:777,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3Tgx!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6ccae7fc-403e-4270-ac14-e32ff01ed907_2626x1402.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sau &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#224;i metrics quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i m&#244; h&#236;nh TM&#272;T:</p><p>1. T&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i (conversion): s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p v&#224;o c&#7917;a h&#224;ng tr&#7921;c tuy&#7871;n v&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n mua h&#224;ng.</p><p>2. K&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7887; h&#224;ng (shopping cart size): m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i mua &#273;&#243; chi bao nhi&#234;u.</p><p>3. T&#7927; l&#7879; t&#7915; b&#7887; (abandonment): s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7915; b&#7887; mua h&#224;ng trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7863;t h&#224;ng.</p><p>4. S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng mua h&#224;ng m&#7895;i n&#259;m: th&#7875; hi&#7879;n lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917; c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p.</p><ul><li><p>Lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh mua l&#7841;i (acquisition mode): khi s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng mua l&#7841;i &#237;t h&#417;n 40%. V&#7899;i lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh n&#224;y, ta c&#7847;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o vi&#7879;c thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i v&#224; b&#7887; qua c&#225;c ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng th&#226;n thi&#7871;t. V&#237; d&#7909;: m&#7897;t c&#7917;a h&#224;ng thi&#7871;t b&#7883; leo n&#250;i.</p></li><li><p>Lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh k&#7871;t h&#7907;p (hybrid mode): khi 40-60% ng&#432;&#7901;i mua n&#259;m ngo&#225;i s&#7869; mua trong n&#259;m nay. Doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n c&#226;n b&#7857;ng gi&#7919;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng m&#7899;i v&#224; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng c&#361;. V&#237; d&#7909;: n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng TM&#272;T Zappos.</p></li><li><p>Lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh trung th&#224;nh (loyalty mode): khi h&#417;n 60% ng&#432;&#7901;i mua n&#259;m ngo&#225;i s&#7869; mua h&#224;ng trong n&#259;m nay. Tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m c&#7911;a chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c l&#224; s&#7921; trung th&#224;nh, khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch c&#225;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng hi&#7879;n c&#243; mua th&#432;&#7901;ng xuy&#234;n h&#417;n. V&#237; d&#7909;: Amazon.</p></li></ul><p>5. <a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/customer-acquisition-cost">Chi ph&#237; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (customer acquisition cost)</a>: Bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c chi ph&#237; li&#234;n quan &#273;&#7871;n marketing v&#224; sales.</p><p>6. Hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a t&#7915; kh&#243;a t&#236;m ki&#7871;m (search keyword effectiveness).</p><p>7. Doanh thu tr&#234;n m&#7895;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (revenue per customer).</p><p>8. Th&#7901;i gian v&#7853;n chuy&#7875;n (shipping time): m&#7897;t metric c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; h&#224;i l&#242;ng c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><h3>#2. SaaS (Software as a Service) &#8211; Ph&#7847;n m&#7873;m d&#7883;ch v&#7909;</h3><p>L&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m SaaS gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; duy tr&#236; m&#7897;t m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; d&#224;i h&#7841;n. Kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; c&#361;ng tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n, v&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ai tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n c&#361;ng &#7903; l&#7841;i. Tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#226;y m&#236;nh t&#432;&#7903;ng &#8220;c&#243; user l&#224; ngon r&#7891;i&#8221;, nh&#432;ng Lean Analytics gi&#250;p m&#236;nh nh&#236;n th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng &#8220;l&#7895; h&#7893;ng v&#244; h&#236;nh&#8221; qua t&#7915;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889;.</p><p>C&#225;c metrics quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i m&#244; h&#236;nh SaaS:</p><p>1. T&#7927; l&#7879; ch&#250; &#253; (attention): s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p k&#234;nh/ s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><p>2. T&#7927; l&#7879; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; (enrolment): s&#7889; kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p tr&#7903; th&#224;nh ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237; ho&#7863;c d&#249;ng th&#7917;.</p><p>3. T&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i (conversion): s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng tr&#7903; th&#224;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n.</p><p>4. Churn rate: t&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng r&#7901;i &#273;i.</p><p>5. Stickiness: t&#7847;n su&#7845;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><p>6. M&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; viral: kh&#7843; n&#259;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng s&#7869; gi&#7899;i thi&#7879;u s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m t&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i kh&#225;c</p><p>7. Doanh thu tr&#234;n m&#7895;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><p>8. Chi ph&#237; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (CAC).</p><p>9. Upselling: s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng chuy&#7875;n sang m&#7897;t m&#7913;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cao h&#417;n trong m&#7897;t giai &#273;o&#7841;n c&#7909; th&#7875; (v&#237; d&#7909;, t&#7915; d&#249;ng phi&#234;n b&#7843;n mi&#7877;n ph&#237; sang phi&#234;n b&#7843;n tr&#7843; ph&#237;).</p><p>10. <a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/customer-lifetime-value">Gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (CLV)</a>.</p><p>11. &#272;&#7897; tin c&#7853;y: c&#244;ng ty &#273;&#227; nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bao nhi&#234;u khi&#7871;u n&#7841;i t&#7915; kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><p>12. T&#7927; l&#7879; ho&#224;n tr&#7843; chi ph&#237; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng: s&#7889; ng&#224;y/th&#225;ng c&#7847;n b&#7887; ra &#273;&#7875; thu h&#7891;i CAC tr&#234;n m&#7897;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng.</p><h3>#3. &#7912;ng d&#7909;ng di &#273;&#7897;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237;</h3><p>M&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng di &#273;&#7897;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237;, nh&#432;ng ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n t&#7915; c&#225;c t&#237;nh n&#259;ng trong tr&#242; ch&#417;i ho&#7863;c qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y ngh&#297;a l&#224; c&#225;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng di &#273;&#7897;ng tr&#7843; ph&#237; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7897;p v&#224;o m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y. V&#7899;i m&#7897;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng di &#273;&#7897;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237;, qu&#225; tr&#236;nh thu l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n s&#7869; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n do b&#7841;n &#273;ang ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n t&#7915; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng mi&#7877;n ph&#237;.</p><p>C&#225;c metrics c&#7847;n &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng:</p><p>1. L&#432;&#7907;t t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng: c&#243; bao nhi&#234;u ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; t&#7843;i &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng.</p><p>2. T&#7927; l&#7879; k&#237;ch ho&#7841;t (activation rate): t&#7927; l&#7879; % s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng, kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7897;ng n&#243; v&#224; t&#7841;o m&#7897;t t&#224;i kho&#7843;n.</p><p>3. Ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng: l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng h&#224;ng ng&#224;y (DAU) v&#224; <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/monthly-active-users-chi-so-phan-anh-muc-do-thanh-cong-cua-cac-nen-tang-cong-nghe/">h&#224;ng th&#225;ng (MAU)</a>.</p><p>4. S&#7889; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n.</p><p>5. Churn rate: bao nhi&#234;u kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng g&#7905; c&#224;i &#273;&#7863;t &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng, ho&#7863;c ch&#7881; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian ng&#7855;n.</p><p>6. Chi ph&#237; thu h&#250;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (CAC).</p><p>7. Th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n giao d&#7883;ch &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n: m&#7845;t bao l&#226;u &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n tr&#7843; ti&#7873;n l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n.</p><p>8. Gi&#225; tr&#7883; v&#242;ng &#273;&#7901;i kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (CLV).</p><p>9. T&#7927; l&#7879; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; (Ratings click-through): S&#7889; % ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#7841;i &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; cho &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng.</p><p>10. Virality: m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; viral.</p><p>11. Doanh thu trung b&#236;nh tr&#234;n m&#7895;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng (Average Revenue Per User &#8211; ARPU).</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; Marketing Analytics!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h3>#4. Trang web truy&#7873;n th&#244;ng</h3><p>Media website l&#224; m&#7897;t trang web ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n b&#7857;ng qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o. V&#237; d&#7909;: Th&#7901;i b&#225;o New York, Bloomberg hay Vox Media. &#272;i&#7873;u quan tr&#7885;ng l&#224; doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n c&#226;n b&#7857;ng gi&#7919;a content v&#224; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg" width="979" height="575" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:575,&quot;width&quot;:979,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nbry!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F754cc53c-1625-41f9-8d22-ce20fb0234d4_979x575.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Nh&#7919;ng metrics c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253;:</p><p>1. L&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p &#273;&#7897;c nh&#7845;t (Unique visitors): t&#7893;ng s&#7889; kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p kh&#244;ng b&#7883; tr&#249;ng l&#7863;p cho m&#7895;i kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian.</p><p>2. <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/lam-the-nao-de-cai-thien-churn-rate-ty-le-khach-hang-roi-di/">Churn rate: T&#7927; l&#7879; kh&#225;ch r&#7901;i &#273;i</a>.</p><p>3. T&#7927; l&#7879; click cho m&#7895;i phi&#234;n truy c&#7853;p (Sessions to clicks ratio): t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919;a s&#7889; l&#7847;n ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c click v&#224;o trang web t&#7915; c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m ho&#7863;c ngu&#7891;n b&#234;n ngo&#224;i, so v&#7899;i m&#7897;t phi&#234;n truy c&#7853;p th&#7921;c t&#7871; khi kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i trang web.</p><p>4. Th&#7901;i gian t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c (engaged time): th&#7901;i gian kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng b&#7887; ra &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c n&#7897;i dung v&#224; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i website.</p><p>5. S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o (Ad inventory): s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t xem trang c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng thu l&#7907;i nhu&#7853;n.</p><p>6. T&#7927; l&#7879; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o (ho&#7863;c chi ph&#237; cho m&#7895;i l&#432;&#7907;t t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c) &#8211; Ad rates (cost per engagement).</p><p>7. <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/4-metrics-quan-trong-nhat-trong-email-marketing/">T&#7927; l&#7879; click (Click-through rate)</a>.</p><p>8. M&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; c&#226;n b&#7857;ng gi&#7919;a content v&#224; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o (Content/advertising balance).</p><h3>#5. N&#7873;n t&#7843;ng v&#7899;i content &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o b&#7903;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng</h3><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang l&#224;m m&#7897;t c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng, b&#7841;n s&#7869; hi&#7875;u c&#7843;m gi&#225;c &#8220;user &#273;&#244;ng m&#224; kh&#244;ng ai n&#243;i g&#236;&#8221; n&#243; kh&#243; ch&#7883;u th&#7871; n&#224;o. &#272;&#243; l&#224; l&#253; do Lean Analytics kh&#244;ng n&#243;i v&#7873; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, m&#224; n&#243;i v&#7873; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c trong c&#7897;ng &#273;&#7891;ng.</p><p>N&#7871;u doanh nghi&#7879;p b&#7841;n thu&#7897;c lo&#7841;i h&#236;nh n&#224;y, c&#7847;n &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7919;ng metrics sau:</p><p>1. S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c: t&#7847;n su&#7845;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng quay l&#7841;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m.</p><p>2. S&#7889; ng&#224;y trung b&#236;nh k&#7875; t&#7915; l&#7847;n truy c&#7853;p cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng: con s&#7889; n&#224;y c&#361;ng s&#7869; cung c&#7845;p cho b&#7841;n th&#244;ng tin v&#7873; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p. Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#7847;n ph&#7843;i x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7855;t (v&#237; d&#7909;: 30 ng&#224;y) &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; tr&#249;ng v&#7899;i t&#7927; l&#7879; churn.</p><p>3. T&#7927; l&#7879; n&#7897;i dung &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o (Content creation): S&#7889; % kh&#225;ch truy c&#7853;p t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c v&#7899;i content theo m&#7897;t c&#225;ch n&#224;o &#273;&#243;, v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#432; vi&#7871;t b&#224;i, b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n, upvote, th&#237;ch v&#224; chia s&#7867;.</p><p>4. L&#432;&#7907;t t&#7843;i content th&#224;nh c&#244;ng (Content upload success): % ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng t&#7843;i n&#7897;i dung c&#7911;a h&#7885; l&#234;n m&#7841;ng x&#227; h&#7897;i th&#224;nh c&#244;ng.</p><p>5. T&#7927; l&#7879; thay &#273;&#7893;i k&#234;nh tham gia (Engagement funnel changes): t&#7927; l&#7879; website c&#7911;a b&#7841;n gi&#250;p chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c cao h&#417;n.</p><p>6. Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a n&#7897;i dung &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o (Value of created content): nh&#7919;ng l&#7907;i &#237;ch m&#224; content &#273;em l&#7841;i cho doanh nghi&#7879;p. V&#237; d&#7909;: &#272;&#7889;i v&#7899;i c&#225;c di&#7877;n &#273;&#224;n th&#236; review l&#224; quan tr&#7885;ng, Facebook l&#224; kho qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o c&#242;n Pinterest l&#224; t&#7927; l&#7879; click tr&#234;n c&#225;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng link qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o hi&#7875;n th&#7883; tr&#234;n n&#7897;i dung &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;o b&#7903;i ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng.</p><p>7. M&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; chia s&#7867; v&#224; lan truy&#7873;n n&#7897;i dung.</p><p>8. T&#237;nh hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a thanh th&#244;ng b&#225;o (Notification effectiveness): % ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng s&#7869; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n m&#7897;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7909; th&#7875; khi nh&#7853;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#244;ng b&#225;o t&#7915; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng.</p><h3>#6. N&#7873;n t&#7843;ng th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917; hai chi&#7873;u (Marketplace)</h3><p>Trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y, doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; ki&#7871;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7873;n khi ng&#432;&#7901;i mua v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n trao &#273;&#7893;i h&#224;ng ho&#225; v&#224; ti&#7873;n th&#244;ng qua n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng TM&#272;T. M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng v&#237; d&#7909; &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh: Shopee, eBay, Airbnb,.. M&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y kh&#225;c v&#7899;i m&#244; h&#236;nh #1 &#7903; ch&#7895;, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng s&#7869; l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i mua b&#225;n, c&#242;n doanh nghi&#7879;p s&#7869; &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; m&#7897;t b&#234;n trung gian.</p><p>C&#225;c metrics t&#7915; m&#244; h&#236;nh #1 c&#361;ng s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#7903; m&#244; h&#236;nh n&#224;y v&#236; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh giao d&#7883;ch l&#224; nh&#432; nhau. Ngo&#224;i ra, sau &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#224;i metrics &#273;&#7863;c tr&#432;ng kh&#225;c:</p><p>1. M&#7913;c t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i mua v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n (Buyer and seller growth): t&#7927; l&#7879; doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;ang thu h&#250;t th&#234;m ng&#432;&#7901;i mua v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n m&#7899;i, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o b&#7857;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; quay l&#7841;i v&#224; s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c. V&#237; d&#7909;: m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n &#273;ang t&#432;&#417;ng t&#225;c l&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#227; &#273;&#259;ng b&#225;n h&#224;ng trong v&#242;ng 30 ng&#224;y.</p><p>2. M&#7913;c t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng h&#224;ng t&#7891;n kho (Inventory growth): t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n &#273;ang b&#7893; sung h&#224;ng h&#243;a.</p><p>3. &#272;&#7897; linh ho&#7841;t c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c t&#236;m ki&#7871;m (Search effectiveness): h&#227;y ki&#7875;m tra nh&#7919;ng g&#236; ng&#432;&#7901;i mua &#273;ang t&#236;m ki&#7871;m v&#224; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh xem li&#7879;u n&#243; c&#243; ph&#249; h&#7907;p v&#7899;i danh s&#225;ch h&#224;ng t&#7891;n kho m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;ang x&#226;y d&#7921;ng. Theo d&#245;i c&#225;c t&#7915; kh&#243;a kh&#244;ng cho ra k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#361;ng nh&#432; c&#225;c t&#7915; kh&#243;a th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#236;m ki&#7871;m.</p><p>4. K&#234;nh chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i (Conversion funnels): t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a c&#225;c m&#7863;t h&#224;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;n v&#224; nh&#7919;ng ph&#226;n kh&#250;c ti&#7871;t l&#7897; l&#253; do ch&#250;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c mua. Theo d&#245;i % ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng h&#224;i l&#242;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;c giao d&#7883;ch.</p><p>5. X&#7871;p h&#7841;ng v&#224; nh&#7919;ng d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u c&#7911;a l&#7915;a &#273;&#7843;o: theo d&#245;i &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#224; x&#7871;p h&#7841;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i mua v&#224; ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n, t&#236;m ki&#7871;m d&#7845;u hi&#7879;u c&#7911;a vi&#7879;c l&#7915;a &#273;&#7843;o v&#224; n&#7897;i dung c&#7911;a c&#225;c b&#236;nh lu&#7853;n. Theo d&#245;i t&#7927; l&#7879; % c&#225;c t&#224;i kho&#7843;n b&#7883; g&#7855;n m&#225;c sai ph&#7841;m.</p><p>6. Metrics v&#7873; gi&#225; c&#7843;: li&#7879;u ng&#432;&#7901;i b&#225;n &#273;ang &#273;&#7863;t gi&#225; qu&#225; cao ho&#7863;c &#273;ang ph&#225; gi&#225;.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/lean-analytics?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/lean-analytics?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/lean-analytics?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</h2><p>Lean Analytics kh&#244;ng &#273;&#417;n thu&#7847;n l&#224; m&#7897;t cu&#7889;n s&#225;ch v&#7873; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889;. N&#243; gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; m&#7897;t b&#7843;n &#273;&#7891; gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i l&#224;m s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m, marketing hay v&#7853;n h&#224;nh hi&#7875;u r&#245; m&#236;nh &#273;ang &#7903; &#273;&#226;u, n&#234;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;, v&#224; l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; ng&#7853;p trong bi&#7875;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Hy v&#7885;ng n&#7897;i dung t&#243;m t&#7855;t n&#224;y s&#7869; l&#224; &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#7903;i &#273;&#7847;u gi&#250;p b&#7841;n nh&#236;n l&#7841;i c&#225;ch m&#236;nh &#273;ang theo d&#245;i, &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#224; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u. </p><p>S&#7903; h&#7919;u t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng v&#244; c&#249;ng quan tr&#7885;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n &#8220;&#273;&#7885;c v&#7883;&#8221; lo&#7841;t insights v&#224; khai th&#225;c tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7915; l&#432;&#7907;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#7893;ng l&#7891;. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham gia <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substacks&amp;utm_content=lean-analytics">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Analysis</a> c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers, &#273;&#7875; r&#232;n luy&#7879;n t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u qua nhi&#7873;u case study c&#7911;a &#273;a d&#7841;ng ng&#224;nh h&#224;ng, c&#249;ng c&#225;c Trainers nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m kinh nghi&#7879;m trong ngh&#7873; nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V7oA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F704b9c9c-9020-4356-9962-6cc77d43dff5_1055x670.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V7oA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F704b9c9c-9020-4356-9962-6cc77d43dff5_1055x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V7oA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F704b9c9c-9020-4356-9962-6cc77d43dff5_1055x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V7oA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F704b9c9c-9020-4356-9962-6cc77d43dff5_1055x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V7oA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F704b9c9c-9020-4356-9962-6cc77d43dff5_1055x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V7oA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F704b9c9c-9020-4356-9962-6cc77d43dff5_1055x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V7oA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F704b9c9c-9020-4356-9962-6cc77d43dff5_1055x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V7oA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F704b9c9c-9020-4356-9962-6cc77d43dff5_1055x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!V7oA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F704b9c9c-9020-4356-9962-6cc77d43dff5_1055x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Phân tích đơn biến (univariate analysis) là gì?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Trong to&#225;n th&#7889;ng k&#234;, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia th&#224;nh ba k&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#8211; univariate analysis (ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n), ph&#226;n t&#237;ch hai bi&#7871;n (bivariate analysis), v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n (multivariate analysis).]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/univariate-analysis</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/univariate-analysis</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 30 Dec 2024 10:26:56 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/27816ed3-17d5-4f56-a195-7b8e396416ff_960x720.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Trong to&#225;n th&#7889;ng k&#234;, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia th&#224;nh ba k&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#8211; univariate analysis (ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n), ph&#226;n t&#237;ch hai bi&#7871;n (bivariate analysis), v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n (multivariate analysis). Quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;o s&#7869; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng bi&#7871;n, lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7841;n c&#243; v&#224; m&#7909;c ti&#234;u c&#7911;a suy lu&#7853;n th&#7889;ng k&#234;.</p><p>C&#243; th&#7875; h&#236;nh dung ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#432; vi&#7879;c kh&#225;m ph&#225; t&#7915;ng l&#7899;p c&#7911;a m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p. Khi l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n, s&#7869; r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; cho&#225;ng ng&#7907;p b&#7903;i s&#7921; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n v&#224; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a ch&#250;ng. Tuy nhi&#234;n, b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u v&#7899;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n, n&#417;i t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o t&#7915;ng bi&#7871;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7897;c l&#7853;p, l&#224; c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m quen v&#224; hi&#7875;u r&#245; c&#7845;u tr&#250;c c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, trong m&#7897;t d&#7921; &#225;n kh&#7843;o s&#225;t &#253; ki&#7871;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p tr&#7843; l&#7901;i nhanh c&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i nh&#432;: "&#272;&#7897; tu&#7893;i trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng l&#224; bao nhi&#234;u?" hay "C&#243; bao nhi&#234;u ng&#432;&#7901;i ch&#7885;n m&#7897;t s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7909; th&#7875;?".</p><p>Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, c&#249;ng Insight Ouch! c&#249;ng t&#236;m hi&#7875;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n (univariate analysis) l&#224; g&#236;, c&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#233;.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/recap-event-huong-dan-doc-va-phan-tich-du-lieu-cho-nguoi-moi-bat-dau/">H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n &#273;&#7885;c v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u cho ng&#432;&#7901;i m&#7899;i b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>1. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n (univariate analysis) l&#224; g&#236;?</strong></h2><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n (Univariate analysis) l&#224; m&#7897;t lo&#7841;i k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#417; b&#7843;n cho d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7889;ng k&#234;. V&#7899;i k&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y, d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#7881; c&#243; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n v&#224; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng kh&#237;a c&#7841;nh v&#7873; l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#243; m&#224; kh&#244;ng xem x&#233;t t&#7899;i m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; gi&#7919;a nhi&#7873;u bi&#7871;n kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: b&#7841;n c&#7847;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kh&#7843;o s&#225;t c&#7911;a m&#7897;t l&#7899;p h&#7885;c, c&#7909; th&#7875; l&#224; &#273;&#7871;m s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng nam v&#224; n&#7919; trong ph&#242;ng. D&#7919; li&#7879;u &#7903; &#273;&#226;y ch&#7881; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n v&#224; l&#432;&#7907;ng h&#243;a c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n &#273;&#243;.</p><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n v&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n l&#224; h&#236;nh th&#7913;c &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u. M&#7909;c ti&#234;u ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n l&#224; m&#244; t&#7843;, t&#243;m t&#7855;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; t&#236;m ra patterns trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u, th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c t&#236;m ra gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh (mean), mode, gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung v&#7883; (median), &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n (standard deviation), &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u (dispersion),&#8230;</p><p>Trong &#273;&#243;, bi&#7871;n (variable) &#7903; &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a l&#224; m&#7897;t &#273;i&#7873;u ki&#7879;n ho&#7863;c t&#7853;p h&#7907;p con d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong m&#7897;t t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7899;n. V&#237; d&#7909;: &#8220;tu&#7893;i&#8221;, &#8220;chi&#7873;u cao&#8221; ho&#7863;c &#8220;c&#226;n n&#7863;ng&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n.</p><h2><strong>2. C&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n</strong></h2><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ti&#7871;n h&#224;nh theo nhi&#7873;u h&#432;&#7899;ng kh&#225;c nhau, v&#224; h&#7847;u h&#7871;t c&#225;c c&#225;ch ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y mang t&#237;nh ch&#7845;t m&#244; t&#7843;. M&#7897;t s&#7889; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t c&#243; th&#7875; k&#7875; &#273;&#7871;n nh&#432;: Frequency Distribution Tables, Frequency Polygons, Histograms, Bar Charts v&#224; Pie Charts.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/data-analysis-la-gi">Data Analysis l&#224; g&#236; &#8211; Quy tr&#236;nh v&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7841;n c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t</a></p><h4><strong>Summary Statistics (Th&#7889;ng k&#234;)</strong></h4><p>Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n l&#224; <em>summary statistics</em>. Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#243;m t&#7855;t m&#7897;t t&#7853;p h&#7907;p c&#225;c quan s&#225;t, nh&#7857;m t&#243;m t&#7855;t th&#244;ng tin m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ng&#7855;n g&#7885;n v&#224; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n.</p><p>C&#243; hai nh&#243;m ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7889;ng k&#234; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t:</p><p><em>&#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u</em>: V&#7899;i lo&#7841;i ph&#226;n t&#237;ch n&#224;y, b&#7841;n s&#7869; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u (range), &#273;&#7897; tr&#7843;i gi&#7919;a (interquartile range), ph&#432;&#417;ng sai (variance) v&#224; &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch chu&#7849;n (standard deviation) &#273;&#7875; m&#244; t&#7843; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n b&#7893; &#273;&#7891;ng &#273;&#7873;u c&#7911;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. C&#7909; th&#7875;:</p><ul><li><p>Range &#8211; s&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7889;i &#273;a v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7889;i thi&#7875;u trong t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u</p></li><li><p>Interquartile Range &#8211; ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch gi&#7919;a 50% gi&#225; tr&#7883;</p></li><li><p>Variance &#8211; &#273;&#7841;i l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7921; ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u so v&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh</p></li><li><p>Standard Deviation- &#273;&#7841;i l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng trung b&#236;nh m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n t&#225;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, standard deviation b&#7857;ng c&#259;n b&#7853;c hai c&#7911;a variance.</p></li></ul><p><em>&#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#7853;p trung</em>: &#272;o l&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh (mean) v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung v&#7883; (median) s&#7869; gi&#250;p m&#244; t&#7843; gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#7853;p trung v&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ch&#237;nh gi&#7919;a c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><h4><strong>Frequency distribution table (B&#7843;ng ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t)</strong></h4><p>T&#7847;n su&#7845;t c&#7911;a m&#7897;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; s&#7889; l&#7847;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#243; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong t&#7893;ng th&#7875; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;ang xem x&#233;t. B&#7843;ng ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;n th&#7883; c&#225;c bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i (categorical data) ho&#7863;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7841;ng s&#7889; (numeric data). B&#7843;ng ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#243; c&#225;i nh&#236;n t&#7893;ng quan m&#244; t&#7843; v&#7873; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, nh&#7857;m &#273;&#432;a ra pattern chung c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><h4><strong>Bar chart (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t/bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; thanh)</strong></h4><p>Bar chart c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#236;nh b&#224;y theo chi&#7873;u d&#7885;c ho&#7863;c chi&#7873;u ngang, nh&#7857;m so s&#225;nh s&#7921; ch&#234;nh l&#7879;ch c&#7911;a m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n trong c&#225;c m&#7889;c th&#7901;i gian kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>V&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; thanh, tr&#7909;c ho&#224;nh (tr&#7909;c x) s&#7869; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; c&#225;c &#273;&#7847;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau v&#224; tr&#7909;c tung (tr&#7909;c y) s&#7869; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n gi&#225; tr&#7883;. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; thanh nh&#236;n v&#224;o t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; so s&#225;nh.</p><h4><strong>Histogram (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t)</strong></h4><p>Histogram c&#243; ph&#7847;n t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; bar chart, nh&#432;ng &#273;o t&#7847;n su&#7845;t thay v&#236; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng theo th&#7901;i gian. Tr&#7909;c x c&#7911;a histogram li&#7879;t k&#234; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a b&#7897; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n, tr&#7909;c y l&#224; t&#7847;n su&#7845;t. T&#7915; histogram, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch t&#7847;n su&#7845;t xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ph&#7841;m vi d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#7863;c c&#7911;a c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau.</p><h4><strong>Frequency Polygon (&#272;a gi&#225;c t&#7847;n su&#7845;t)</strong></h4><p>&#272;a gi&#225;c t&#7847;n su&#7845;t c&#243; ph&#7847;n t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; v&#7899;i histogram, tuy nhi&#234;n &#273;a gi&#225;c t&#7847;n su&#7845;t c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh c&#225;c t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#7863;c &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t t&#237;ch l&#361;y. &#272;a gi&#225;c t&#7847;n su&#7845;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng.</p><h4><strong>Pie Chart (Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#242;n)</strong></h4><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#242;n gi&#250;p m&#244; t&#7843; t&#7927; l&#7879; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m c&#7911;a m&#7895;i ph&#7847;n t&#7917; trong m&#7897;t t&#7893;ng th&#7875;. T&#7893;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; c&#7911;a m&#7895;i c&#225;c m&#7909;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; b&#7857;ng 100%.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/chon-bieu-do">Data Visualization l&#224; g&#236;? C&#225;c lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a></p><h2><strong>3. V&#237; d&#7909; c&#7911;a ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n</strong></h2><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n l&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#7845;t b&#7903;i b&#7841;n ch&#7881; c&#7847;n x&#7917; l&#253; duy nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t bi&#7871;n v&#224; quan t&#226;m t&#7899;i nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i m&#244; t&#7843; c&#7911;a bi&#7871;n &#273;&#243;. K&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y kh&#244;ng y&#234;u c&#7847;u b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u s&#7921; t&#432;&#417;ng quan v&#224; m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; nh&#226;n qu&#7843; c&#7911;a hai bi&#7871;n v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; m&#244; t&#7843; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; t&#236;m ra pattern trong &#273;&#243;.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, &#8220;chi&#7873;u cao&#8221; c&#7911;a c&#225;c h&#7885;c sinh trong m&#7897;t l&#7899;p h&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n. C&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; m&#244; t&#7843; duy nh&#7845;t bi&#7871;n chi&#7873;u cao v&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n b&#7845;t k&#7923; m&#7889;i t&#432;&#417;ng quan v&#7899;i bi&#7871;n n&#224;o kh&#225;c. T&#7915; nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; r&#250;t ra pattern, m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n t&#225;n v&#224; m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#7853;p trung c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u chi&#7873;u cao h&#7885;c sinh th&#244;ng qua histograms, frequency distribution table, bar charts,&#8230; D&#7921;a v&#224;o &#273;&#226;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7843; l&#7901;i c&#225;c c&#226;u h&#7887;i nh&#432;: H&#7885;c sinh n&#224;o cao nh&#7845;t trong l&#7899;p h&#7885;c? Chi&#7873;u cao trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a h&#7885;c sinh trong l&#7899;p? Chi&#7873;u cao c&#7911;a c&#225;c h&#7885;c sinh c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7853;p trung &#7903; kho&#7843;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#224;o?</p><p>Trong v&#237; d&#7909; tr&#234;n, qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ch&#7881; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o bi&#7871;n &#8220;chi&#7873;u cao&#8221;. N&#7871;u c&#243; th&#234;m bi&#7871;n &#8220;c&#226;n n&#7863;ng&#8221;, &#8220;tu&#7893;i&#8221; hay &#8220;gi&#7899;i t&#237;nh&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;a v&#224;o ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch hai bi&#7871;n (bivariate analysis), v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;a bi&#7871;n (multivariate analysis).</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/univariate-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/univariate-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/univariate-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h2><p>Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n bi&#7871;n m&#7863;c d&#249; l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng k&#7929; thu&#7853;t ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#7845;t, nh&#432;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#243; mang l&#7841;i trong vi&#7879;c m&#244; t&#7843; d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; ph&#7911; nh&#7853;n. V&#236; v&#7853;y, &#273;&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;ch v&#224; khai th&#225;c t&#7889;i &#273;a ngu&#7891;n s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n n&#226;ng cao t&#432; duy v&#224; k&#7929; n&#259;ng th&#7889;ng k&#234; m&#244; t&#7843; nh&#7857;m ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o c&#225;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#432;a ra ch&#237;nh x&#225;c. T&#432; duy l&#224;m vi&#7879;c, x&#7917; l&#253;, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra c&#225;c insight &#7849;n, ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh c&#7843;m t&#237;nh l&#224; n&#7897;i dung ch&#237;nh m&#224; <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course/?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=nivariate-analysis">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Analysis c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers</a> s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n trang b&#7883;. Tham kh&#7843;o ngay nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yK6s!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa646fdf9-b365-4359-a03e-162840522692_1055x670.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yK6s!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa646fdf9-b365-4359-a03e-162840522692_1055x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yK6s!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa646fdf9-b365-4359-a03e-162840522692_1055x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yK6s!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa646fdf9-b365-4359-a03e-162840522692_1055x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yK6s!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa646fdf9-b365-4359-a03e-162840522692_1055x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yK6s!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa646fdf9-b365-4359-a03e-162840522692_1055x670.png" width="1055" height="670" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a646fdf9-b365-4359-a03e-162840522692_1055x670.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:670,&quot;width&quot;:1055,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yK6s!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa646fdf9-b365-4359-a03e-162840522692_1055x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yK6s!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa646fdf9-b365-4359-a03e-162840522692_1055x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yK6s!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa646fdf9-b365-4359-a03e-162840522692_1055x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!yK6s!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa646fdf9-b365-4359-a03e-162840522692_1055x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Data Analysis – Phân tích số liệu bắt đầu từ đâu?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Y&#234;u c&#7847;u m&#7899;i cho m&#7897;t marketer l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u (data analysis) &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c. Tuy nhi&#234;n, ph&#7843;i l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#7871; n&#224;o? Qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u s&#7889; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau ph&#7843;i x&#7917; l&#253; ra sao?]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 25 Dec 2024 09:38:30 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9c1c6991-2f28-4a8e-ae35-487176634790_1024x647.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Marketing &#273;ang ng&#224;y c&#224;ng ch&#7883;u &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng m&#7841;nh m&#7869; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thu th&#7853;p m&#7885;i l&#250;c, m&#7885;i n&#417;i. S&#7889; li&#7879;u (data) tr&#7903; th&#224;nh trung t&#226;m c&#7911;a c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh marketing, t&#7915; doanh nghi&#7879;p l&#7899;n cho t&#7899;i c&#225;c SME, startup. V&#236; v&#7853;y, y&#234;u c&#7847;u m&#7899;i cho m&#7897;t marketer &#273;&#7875; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i trong k&#7881; nguy&#234;n s&#7889; l&#224; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i s&#7889; li&#7879;u, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u (data analysis) &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>Ph&#7843;i l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i s&#7889; li&#7879;u th&#7871; n&#224;o? Qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u s&#7889; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau ph&#7843;i x&#7917; l&#253; ra sao? N&#7871;u ch&#432;a t&#7915;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#224;o t&#7841;o b&#224;i b&#7843;n, ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#243; c&#7843;m gi&#225;c s&#7907; h&#227;i m&#7895;i khi &#273;&#7889;i di&#7879;n v&#7899;i &#8220;bi&#7875;n&#8221; s&#7889; li&#7879;u n&#224;y. Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y, Insight Ouch! s&#7869; gi&#250;p c&#225;c b&#7841;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u nh&#7919;ng b&#237; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7875; chinh ph&#7909;c Data analysis nh&#233;!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>5 b&#432;&#7899;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#7889; li&#7879;u</strong></h2><h3><strong>1. X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7909;c ti&#234;u (objective)</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#7875; vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#7889; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n &#273;&#250;ng tr&#7885;ng t&#226;m, ti&#7871;t ki&#7879;m th&#7901;i gian v&#224; c&#244;ng s&#7913;c, marketer c&#7847;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/3-loai-muc-tieu-trong-marketing-cac-marketers-can-phan-biet/">m&#7909;c ti&#234;u kinh doanh, m&#7909;c ti&#234;u marketing</a> &#273;&#7875; t&#7915; &#273;&#243; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#7889; li&#7879;u nh&#7857;m gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; g&#236; v&#224; l&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u n&#224;y.</p><p>Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, nh&#227;n h&#224;ng Ariel mong mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u t&#259;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng gel gi&#7863;t t&#7841;i th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng Vi&#7879;t Nam, v&#224; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u n&#224;y, Ariel &#273;&#7889;i m&#7863;t v&#7899;i th&#225;ch th&#7913;c thay &#273;&#7893;i h&#224;nh vi c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;ang s&#7917; d&#7909;ng n&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7863;t &#273;&#7875; h&#7885; chuy&#7875;n sang s&#7917; d&#7909;ng gel gi&#7863;t. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#7869; c&#7847;n t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o c&#225;c s&#7889; li&#7879;u li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i h&#224;nh vi, th&#243;i quen c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i s&#7917; d&#7909;ng n&#432;&#7899;c gi&#7863;t, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7873; ra nh&#7919;ng gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p gi&#250;p Ariel &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u n&#234;u tr&#234;n.</p><h3><strong>2. Thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h3><p>C&#243; hai lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#417; b&#7843;n m&#224; marketer c&#7847;n thu th&#7853;p:</p><ul><li><p><strong>D&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#417; c&#7845;p:</strong> Thu th&#7853;p tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p th&#244;ng qua b&#7843;ng h&#7887;i, ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n s&#226;u, ph&#7887;ng v&#7845;n nh&#243;m</p></li><li><p><strong>D&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7913; c&#7845;p:</strong> Thu th&#7853;p c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#227; t&#7891;n t&#7841;i, th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c l&#432;u tr&#7919; t&#7841;i c&#225;c c&#244;ng ty nghi&#234;n c&#7913;u th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#225;c c&#417; quan nh&#224; n&#432;&#7899;c, c&#225;c marketing agency&#8230;</p></li></ul><h3><strong>3. X&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h3><p>C&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7899;i thu th&#7853;p c&#242;n &#7903; d&#7841;ng &#8220;t&#432;&#417;i s&#7889;ng&#8221; (raw), c&#7847;n tr&#7843;i qua c&#244;ng &#273;o&#7841;n ki&#7871;m ch&#7913;ng m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c, kh&#225;ch quan.</p><p>Sau &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#236;nh b&#224;y d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng b&#7843;ng (d&#224;nh cho d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n) v&#224; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; (d&#224;nh cho d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p, thay &#273;&#7893;i theo th&#7901;i gian). Marketer c&#7847;n h&#7871;t s&#7913;c th&#7853;n tr&#7885;ng khi l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n h&#236;nh th&#7913;c c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh nguy c&#417; b&#7887; s&#243;t nh&#7919;ng th&#244;ng tin quan tr&#7885;ng c&#243; vai tr&#242; khai ph&#225; nh&#7919;ng insight m&#7899;i. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; tr&#242;n th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; tr&#236;nh b&#224;y c&#225;c s&#7889; li&#7879;u v&#7873; th&#7883; ph&#7847;n thu&#7897;c c&#225;c qu&#7889;c gia kh&#225;c nhau, t&#237;nh theo &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m, th&#7871; nh&#432;ng kh&#244;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c doanh s&#7889; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;i t&#7915;ng qu&#7889;c gia &#7845;y.</p><h3><strong>4. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c k&#7929; d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7867;:</strong> D&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7867; l&#224; to&#224;n b&#7897; c&#225;c s&#7889; li&#7879;u, b&#7843;ng bi&#7875;u marketer c&#243; trong tay, ch&#432;a qua qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ch&#7885;n l&#7885;c, ph&#226;n nh&#243;m. Tr&#432;&#7899;c khi &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, marketer c&#7847;n hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y ngh&#297;a l&#224; g&#236;, m&#244; t&#7843; &#273;i&#7873;u g&#236;,&#8230;</p></li><li><p><strong>Ph&#226;n nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u:</strong> S&#7855;p x&#7871;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh c&#225;c nh&#243;m c&#243; &#273;i&#7875;m t&#432;&#417;ng &#273;&#7891;ng. 3 nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#237;nh marketer c&#7847;n quan t&#226;m bao g&#7891;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u sales (b&#225;n h&#224;ng), consumer (kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng) v&#224; brand (th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u)</p></li><li><p><strong>So s&#225;nh, t&#236;m ra &#273;i&#7875;m b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng:</strong> Sau khi &#273;&#227; s&#7855;p x&#7871;p c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y v&#224;o c&#225;c nh&#243;m kh&#225;c nhau, nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; ti&#7871;p theo c&#7911;a marketer l&#224; so s&#225;nh ch&#250;ng v&#7899;i c&#225;c giai &#273;o&#7841;n tr&#432;&#7899;c v&#224; v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u thu &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7873; &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911;. Ch&#250; &#253; t&#7899;i c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng (VD: c&#225;c giai &#273;o&#7841;n t&#259;ng ho&#7863;c gi&#7843;m m&#7841;nh) b&#7903;i ch&#250;ng c&#243; th&#7875; h&#233; l&#7897; nh&#7919;ng insight m&#7899;i m&#7867;.</p></li></ul><h3><strong>5. K&#7871; ho&#7841;ch h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng</strong></h3><ul><li><p>&#272;&#432;a ra 1-2 k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n ch&#237;nh, li&#234;n quan tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p t&#7899;i m&#7909;c ti&#234;u ban &#273;&#7847;u</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#432;a ra &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t: th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; 3 &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t (2 &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t cho c&#225;c gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n v&#224; 1 &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t cho gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p d&#224;i h&#7841;n)</p></li><li><p>Th&#7921;c thi: qu&#225; tr&#236;nh ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng ho&#224;n th&#224;nh cho t&#7899;i khi m&#7897;t k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch th&#7921;c thi c&#7909; th&#7875;, chi ti&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7873; ra.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>L&#224;m quen v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#237;nh trong market research</strong></h2><p>Nh&#432; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#7903; tr&#234;n, d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong market research c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#226;n th&#224;nh 3 nh&#243;m ch&#237;nh: sales, consumer v&#224; brand</p><h3><strong>1. Nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u sales</strong></h3><p>Nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u sales &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i<a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/research-tracking-loai-hinh-research-co-the-ban-chua-biet/"> h&#224;ng h&#243;a t&#7915; doanh nghi&#7879;p ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i t&#7899;i c&#225;c k&#234;nh b&#225;n h&#224;ng, c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; Retail Audit</a>. K&#234;nh b&#225;n h&#224;ng c&#243; th&#7875; chia th&#224;nh 02 lo&#7841;i ch&#237;nh: On-premise (ti&#234;u d&#249;ng t&#7841;i ch&#7895;, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; u&#7889;ng bia ngay t&#7841;i qu&#225;n bia) v&#224; Off-Premise (ti&#234;u d&#249;ng t&#7841;i nh&#224;, ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; mua bia t&#7841;i c&#7917;a h&#224;ng r&#7891;i v&#7873; nh&#224; u&#7889;ng). Hai k&#234;nh n&#224;y ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia nh&#7887; th&#224;nh k&#234;nh truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng (ch&#7907;, c&#7917;a h&#224;ng t&#7841;p h&#243;a theo h&#7897; gia &#273;&#236;nh) v&#224; k&#234;nh hi&#7879;n &#273;&#7841;i (si&#234;u th&#7883;, c&#7917;a h&#224;ng ti&#7879;n l&#7907;i, trung t&#226;m th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i, k&#234;nh th&#432;&#417;ng m&#7841;i &#273;i&#7879;n t&#7917;&#8230;).</p><p>Trong nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u sales c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; d&#7919; li&#7879;u sau c&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253;:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Value/volume sales:</strong> Doanh s&#7889; b&#225;n h&#224;ng cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n tr&#234;n c&#417; s&#7903; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ho&#7863;c kh&#7889;i l&#432;&#7907;ng h&#224;ng b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. D&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y gi&#250;p marketer s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#7857;m &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7893;ng k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng, nh&#224; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t ho&#7863;c di&#7877;n bi&#7871;n ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u</p></li><li><p><strong>Value/Volume share:</strong> Th&#7883; ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a m&#7897;t th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u tr&#234;n t&#7893;ng th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ho&#7863;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c c&#7909; th&#7875;, cho th&#7845;y hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t c&#7911;a m&#7897;t nh&#224; s&#7843;n xu&#7845;t/ th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u trong b&#7889;i c&#7843;nh v&#7899;i &#273;&#7889;i th&#7911; c&#7841;nh tranh</p></li><li><p><strong>Value/Volume share of trade:</strong> ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m doanh s&#7889; t&#7915; m&#7897;t s&#7889; k&#234;nh ho&#7863;c th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh trong t&#7893;ng s&#7889; doanh nghi&#7879;p, cho th&#7845;y t&#7847;m quan tr&#7885;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c k&#234;nh/th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ph&#7909; &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i t&#7893;ng th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng (k&#234;nh n&#224;o, th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;o &#273;ang &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p doanh s&#7889; nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t, n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7853;p trung n&#7895; l&#7921;c marketing? C&#243; khu v&#7921;c n&#224;o &#273;ang &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7853;p trung qu&#225; m&#7913;c hay kh&#244;ng?)</p></li><li><p><strong>Numeric Distribution:</strong> S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7917;a h&#224;ng c&#243; b&#225;n s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p tr&#234;n t&#7893;ng s&#7889; c&#7917;a h&#224;ng trong th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng</p></li><li><p><strong>Weighted Distribution:</strong> S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng h&#224;ng b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7841;i t&#7915;ng c&#7917;a h&#224;ng.</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/phan-biet-num-distribution-va-weighted-distribution/">Ph&#226;n bi&#7879;t Numeric distribution (NUM) v&#224; Weighted distribution (WTD)</a></p><p>Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; gia t&#259;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7917;a h&#224;ng m&#224; doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#242;n c&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253; t&#259;ng doanh s&#7889; t&#7841;i t&#7915;ng c&#7917;a h&#224;ng. C&#225;c c&#7917;a h&#224;ng l&#7899;n v&#7899;i k&#7879; h&#224;ng k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c l&#7899;n, thu h&#250;t &#273;&#244;ng &#273;&#7843;o ng&#432;&#7901;i mua h&#224;ng l&#224; c&#225;c k&#234;nh n&#234;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ch&#250; tr&#7885;ng.</p><ul><li><p><strong>Price per pack:</strong> Gi&#225; b&#225;n l&#7867; cho ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng, gi&#250;p &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7921;c t&#7871; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;n tr&#234;n th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng so v&#7899;i gi&#225; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t, bi&#7875;u th&#7883; nh&#7919;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; x&#7843;y ra t&#7841;i c&#225;c c&#7917;a h&#224;ng (ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n nh&#432; s&#7921; gi&#7843;m s&#250;t c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m), &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a gi&#225; so v&#7899;i doanh s&#7889;. Price per pack &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng (m&#7913;c gi&#225; 1 x s&#7889; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7903; m&#7913;c gi&#225; 1 + m&#7913;c gi&#225; 2 x s&#7889; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7903; m&#7913;c gi&#225; 2+ &#8230;.)/t&#7893;ng s&#7889; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c</p></li><li><p><strong>Average Price:</strong> M&#7913;c gi&#225; trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p c&#243; nhi&#7873;u k&#237;ch c&#7905;, h&#236;nh th&#7913;c &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;i kh&#225;c nhau, th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; gi&#225; trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a 1 l&#237;t, 1kg, 1 gam,&#8230; s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m</p></li></ul><h3><strong>2. Nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng:</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Penetration:</strong> S&#7889; ph&#7847;n tr&#259;m h&#7897; gia &#273;&#236;nh &#273;&#227; mua s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m trong th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ho&#7863;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c &#237;t nh&#7845;t m&#7897;t l&#7847;n trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh. Penetration kh&#244;ng ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o s&#7889; l&#7847;n mua. M&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i c&#243; mua bao nhi&#7873;u l&#7847;n c&#361;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh m&#7897;t l&#7847;n. <strong>Penetration = T&#7893;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i mua h&#224;ng / t&#7893;ng s&#7889; h&#224;ng</strong></p></li><li><p><strong>Frequency:</strong> S&#7889; l&#7847;n mua h&#224;ng trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a ng&#224;nh h&#224;ng/nh&#227;n h&#224;ng &#7903; m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n t&#7893;ng s&#7889; nh&#7919;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i mua ng&#224;nh h&#224;ng/nh&#227;n h&#224;ng n&#224;y. N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, frequency l&#224; s&#7889; l&#7847;n mua h&#224;ng trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ng&#432;&#7901;i mua h&#224;ng trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian. <strong>Frequency = T&#7893;ng s&#7889; l&#7847;n mua h&#224;ng / T&#7893;ng s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i mua.</strong></p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/su-khac-biet-giua-volume-per-trip-va-volume-per-buyer/">D&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng &#8211; Volume per trip v&#224; Volume per buyer</a></p><h3><strong>3. Nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Brand Equity: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/marketing-thuong-hieu-dau-la-5-thuat-ngu-ban-phai-nam-long/">Brand Equity </a>&#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n m&#7897;t s&#7889; ti&#234;u ch&#237; nh&#432; th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u c&#243; &#273;&#225;ng ti&#7873;n hay kh&#244;ng, c&#243; nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i mua hay kh&#244;ng, ng&#432;&#7901;i mua h&#224;ng c&#243; s&#7861;n s&#224;ng chi nhi&#7873;u ti&#7873;n h&#417;n cho th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u hay kh&#244;ng&#8230;</p></li><li><p><strong>Brand Health:</strong> Brand Health th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng qua ba ti&#234;u ch&#237; Presence (bi&#7871;t t&#7899;i th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u), Relevance (Mu&#7889;n mua), Conviction (th&#432;&#417;ng hi&#7879;u n&#224;y l&#224; s&#7921; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t)</p></li></ul><h3><strong>4. M&#7897;t s&#7889; lo&#7841;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; th&#7901;i gian m&#224; marketers c&#7847;n ch&#250; &#253;:</strong></h3><ul><li><p><strong>Year To Date (YTD):</strong> L&#224; kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian t&#7915; th&#225;ng 01 &#273;&#7871;n giai &#273;o&#7841;n m&#7899;i nh&#7845;t</p></li><li><p><strong>Moving Annual Total (MAT):</strong> &#272;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh t&#7915; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i l&#249;i v&#7873; 01 n&#259;m, gi&#250;p marketer nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7873; t&#236;nh h&#236;nh t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng, t&#7847;m nh&#236;n chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c c&#7911;a th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng.</p></li></ul><h2><strong>Tips v&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h2><ul><li><p>Lu&#244;n ki&#7875;m tra t&#237;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#8220;raw&#8221;: N&#7871;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7847;u v&#224;o kh&#244;ng ch&#237;nh x&#225;c, m&#7885;i c&#244;ng s&#7913;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch &#273;&#7873;u l&#224; v&#244; &#237;ch</p></li><li><p>L&#7921;a ch&#7885;n minh h&#7885;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7857;ng &#273;&#250;ng lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin quan tr&#7885;ng d&#7851;n t&#7899;i insight c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7883; b&#7887; s&#243;t</p></li><li><p>T&#236;m ra nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng trong b&#7843;ng bi&#7875;u, &#273;&#243; l&#224; n&#417;i insight xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, h&#227;y quan s&#225;t xem c&#243; th&#225;ng n&#224;o doanh s&#7889; b&#7895;ng t&#259;ng hay gi&#7843;m &#273;&#7897;t ng&#7897;t hay kh&#244;ng.</p></li><li><p>K&#7871;t n&#7889;i c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u li&#234;n quan: Chia nh&#243;m, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, &#273;&#224;o s&#226;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u, t&#236;m ra m&#7889;i li&#234;n h&#7879; gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u n&#224;y. Ch&#7859;ng h&#7841;n, doanh s&#7889; s&#7909;t gi&#7843;m c&#243; th&#7875; do brand health s&#7909;t gi&#7843;m, hay frequency &#273;&#227; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n nh&#432; tr&#432;&#7899;c.</p></li><li><p>Ph&#7843;i hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#7913;c tranh to&#224;n c&#7843;nh: Khi k&#7871;t n&#7889;i, so s&#225;nh c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7847;n t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7897;t b&#7913;c tranh t&#7893;ng quan, m&#7897;t &#8220;flow&#8221; th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t l&#253; gi&#7843;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u ban &#273;&#7847;u</p></li></ul><p>Khi b&#7883; &#8220;l&#7841;c tr&#244;i&#8221; trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u, hay quay v&#7873; v&#7899;i 6P</p><ul><li><p><strong>Proposition:</strong> &#272;&#7883;nh v&#7883; &#273;&#227; r&#245; r&#224;ng, th&#7889;ng nh&#7845;t, li&#234;n quan t&#7899;i ng&#432;&#7901;i ti&#234;u d&#249;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u hay ch&#432;a?</p></li><li><p><strong>Product:</strong> S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#227; &#273;&#250;ng ph&#226;n kh&#250;c th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng hay ch&#432;a? C&#225;c ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng c&#7911;a s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; g&#236; kh&#244;ng?</p></li><li><p><strong>Package:</strong> K&#237;ch c&#7905;, ch&#7911;ng lo&#7841;i c&#7911;a bao b&#236;, th&#244;ng tin in tr&#234;n bao b&#236;</p></li><li><p><strong>Price:</strong> Price per pack, m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng, gi&#7843;m gi&#225;,&#8230;</p></li><li><p><strong>Promotion:</strong> Hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng khuy&#7871;n m&#7841;i, gi&#7843;m gi&#225;</p></li><li><p><strong>Place:</strong> C&#225;c k&#234;nh ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i, l&#432;&#7907;ng h&#224;ng c&#243; s&#7861;n t&#7841;i c&#225;c c&#7917;a h&#224;ng</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/data-analysis?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div></li></ul><h2>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</h2><p>Trong k&#7881; nguy&#234;n s&#7889;, m&#7897;t marketer chuy&#234;n nghi&#7879;p c&#7847;n &#273;&#7843;m nhi&#7879;m r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u nhi&#7879;m v&#7909; kh&#225;c nhau. Trong &#273;&#243; t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch s&#7889; li&#7879;u l&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; thi&#7871;u, b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i &#273;&#7885;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng s&#7889; li&#7879;u trong c&#225;c m&#7843;ng Retail Audit, Consumer Insight, Brand Health v&#224; Digital Performance, &#273;&#7875; t&#7921; tin &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c cho doanh nghi&#7879;p. Ch&#237;nh v&#236; th&#7871; &#273;&#7915;ng b&#7887; l&#7905; <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=data_analysis_bat_dau_tu_dau">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Analysis c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers</a> &#273;&#7875; c&#7911;ng c&#7889; ki&#7871;n th&#7913;c marketing b&#224;i b&#7843;n, t&#7921; tin gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t c&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; marketing tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; b&#7841;n nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MyLZ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5531e5ef-5bea-4a74-9c00-58f99ddcd298_1055x670.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MyLZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5531e5ef-5bea-4a74-9c00-58f99ddcd298_1055x670.png" width="1055" height="670" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5531e5ef-5bea-4a74-9c00-58f99ddcd298_1055x670.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:670,&quot;width&quot;:1055,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MyLZ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5531e5ef-5bea-4a74-9c00-58f99ddcd298_1055x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MyLZ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5531e5ef-5bea-4a74-9c00-58f99ddcd298_1055x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MyLZ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5531e5ef-5bea-4a74-9c00-58f99ddcd298_1055x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MyLZ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5531e5ef-5bea-4a74-9c00-58f99ddcd298_1055x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Biểu đồ boxplot là gì và đọc hiểu biểu đồ này như nào?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Boxplot l&#224; m&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; quan tr&#7885;ng trong l&#297;nh v&#7921;c Data Visualization, n&#7893;i b&#7853;t nh&#7901; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng t&#243;m t&#7855;t v&#224; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n m&#7897;t l&#432;&#7907;ng l&#7899;n th&#244;ng tin m&#244; t&#7843; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#7881; trong m&#7897;t h&#236;nh &#7843;nh.]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/boxplot</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/boxplot</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 18 Dec 2024 08:01:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; hay &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong Data Visualization l&#224; Boxplot. D&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y c&#243; &#432;u &#273;i&#7875;m l&#224; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n v&#224; t&#243;m t&#7855;t r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u th&#244;ng tin m&#244; t&#7843; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c b&#225;o c&#225;o c&#243; th&#7875; r&#250;t ra nhi&#7873;u insight kh&#225;c nhau. Nh&#432;ng c&#361;ng b&#7903;i v&#7853;y, d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y &#273;&#244;i khi c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#243; hi&#7875;u &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i m&#7897;t s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o so v&#7899;i c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; quen thu&#7897;c nh&#432; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng (line chart) ho&#7863;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#7897;t (bar chart). V&#7853;y bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot l&#224; g&#236;, &#273;&#7885;c hi&#7875;u bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot nh&#432; n&#224;o v&#224; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u ra sao? H&#227;y c&#249;ng Insight Ouch! kh&#225;m ph&#225; c&#226;u tr&#7843; l&#7901;i trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y nh&#233;!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>1. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; h&#7897;p (boxplot) l&#224; g&#236;?</strong></h2><p>Box plot (hay c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; Box and Whisker plot) l&#224; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; m&#244; t&#7843; s&#7921; ph&#226;n b&#7889; gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7841;ng ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i (category data). Trong &#273;&#243;:</p><ul><li><p>&#272;&#7897; d&#224;i c&#7911;a h&#7897;p bi&#7875;u th&#7883; ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a 50% d&#7919; li&#7879;u trung t&#226;m;</p></li><li><p>&#272;&#432;&#7901;ng k&#7867; gi&#7919;a h&#7897;p l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung v&#7883; c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u (median);</p></li><li><p>C&#225;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng k&#7867; b&#234;n ngo&#224;i (c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;) m&#244; t&#7843; ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u ngo&#224;i kho&#7843;ng 25% v&#224; 75% d&#7919; li&#7879;u trung t&#226;m;</p></li><li><p>C&#225;c d&#7845;u ch&#7845;m b&#234;n ngo&#224;i l&#224; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png" width="877" height="486" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:486,&quot;width&quot;:877,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; h&#7897;p (boxplot) l&#224; g&#236;?&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; h&#7897;p (boxplot) l&#224; g&#236;?" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!4W4r!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc20f8ecc-b13d-4a78-9253-971001939c89_877x486.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#237; d&#7909; tr&#234;n &#273;&#226;y m&#244; t&#7843; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng h&#224;ng ng&#224;y c&#7911;a m&#7897;t digital app, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#243;m l&#7841;i theo t&#7915;ng th&#225;ng. T&#7915; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y, ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng t&#259;ng d&#7847;n t&#7915; kho&#7843;ng 75 l&#432;&#7907;t/ng&#224;y trong th&#225;ng 1 l&#234;n kho&#7843;ng 95 l&#432;&#7907;t/ng&#224;y trong th&#225;ng 8, trong khi s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng trung b&#236;nh gi&#7843;m nh&#7865; trong th&#225;ng 11 v&#224; th&#225;ng 12. B&#234;n c&#7841;nh &#273;&#243;, c&#225;c d&#7845;u ch&#7845;m th&#236; cho th&#7845;y c&#243; hai ng&#224;y trong th&#225;ng 6 v&#224; m&#7897;t ng&#224;y trong th&#225;ng 10 c&#243; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t t&#7843;i xu&#7889;ng th&#7845;p so v&#7899;i c&#225;c ng&#224;y kh&#225;c trong th&#225;ng.</p><p>Nh&#236;n chung, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p nhi&#7873;u insight v&#224; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch tr&#7921;c quan v&#7873; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng chung c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, so v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png" width="807" height="456" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:456,&quot;width&quot;:807,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot trong d&#224;i h&#7841;n&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot trong d&#224;i h&#7841;n" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nD_Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd54e30d2-f190-47b1-81c4-010e05d28365_807x456.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh l&#432;&#7907;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng (category data). Nh&#236;n v&#224;o bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot , ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i, t&#237;nh &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng v&#224; &#273;&#7897; l&#7879;ch (skewness), ph&#432;&#417;ng sai (variance), gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung v&#7883; (median), c&#225;c ph&#226;n v&#7883; Q1, Q3 v&#224; nh&#7919;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Nh&#7901; v&#7853;y, ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#243; th&#7875; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#237;nh n&#7857;m &#7903; &#273;&#226;u v&#224; so s&#225;nh ph&#7841;m vi n&#224;y gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i kh&#225;c nhau.</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, nh&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng th&#7875; quan s&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chi ti&#7871;t c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#432; histogram.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png" width="999" height="640" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:640,&quot;width&quot;:999,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; histogram ho&#7863;c boxplot  &quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; histogram ho&#7863;c boxplot  " title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QRJa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F429c6335-e715-4d4d-a6f5-6270129a4c96_999x640.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>M&#7897;t t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; histogram ho&#7863;c boxplot nh&#432; h&#236;nh tr&#234;n &#273;&#226;y</em></p><h2><strong>2. &#272;&#7885;c hi&#7875;u bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot nh&#432; n&#224;o?</strong></h2><p>&#272;&#7875; hi&#7875;u v&#7873; boxplot , &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n b&#7841;n c&#7847;n l&#224;m quen v&#7899;i <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/percentile-la-gi-percentile-duoc-ung-dung-va-tinh-toan-nhu-nao/">kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m percentile v&#224; quartile</a>.</p><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot chia t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh c&#225;c ph&#7847;n t&#432; c&#243; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7857;ng nhau (quartile). Ph&#7847;n t&#432; &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n (Q1) l&#7899;n h&#417;n 25% d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; nh&#7887; h&#417;n 75% c&#242;n l&#7841;i. Ph&#7847;n t&#432; th&#7913; hai (Q2) n&#7857;m &#7903; gi&#7919;a, chia &#273;&#244;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Q2 c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; trung v&#7883; (median). Ph&#7847;n t&#432; th&#7913; ba (Q3) l&#7899;n h&#417;n 75% d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; nh&#7887; h&#417;n 25% c&#242;n l&#7841;i. Trong m&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot , c&#225;c hai gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n c&#7911;a h&#7897;p v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng trung t&#226;m c&#7911;a n&#243; &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u v&#7883; tr&#237; c&#7911;a ba ph&#7847;n t&#432; n&#224;y.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png" width="1018" height="490" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:490,&quot;width&quot;:1018,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&#272;&#7885;c hi&#7875;u bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot nh&#432; n&#224;o&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="&#272;&#7885;c hi&#7875;u bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot nh&#432; n&#224;o" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tPYL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe790f629-240f-430e-b272-0f795df8314a_1018x490.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a Q3 v&#224; Q1 &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; kho&#7843;ng t&#7913; ph&#226;n v&#7883; (IQR), &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; quan tr&#7885;ng trong vi&#7879;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7897; d&#224;i c&#7911;a r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;. &#272;&#7897; d&#224;i c&#7911;a r&#226;u k&#233;o d&#224;i &#273;&#7871;n &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u xa nh&#7845;t v&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7857;ng 1,5 l&#7847;n IQR. Nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#234;n ngo&#224;i ph&#7841;m vi n&#224;y s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai v&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u th&#7883; b&#7857;ng d&#7845;u ch&#7845;m.</p><p>Khi d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng nhau, r&#226;u c&#7911;a h&#7897;p th&#7875; hi&#7879;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung b&#236;nh s&#7869; n&#7857;m &#7903; v&#7883; tr&#237; trung t&#226;m c&#7911;a h&#7897;p v&#224; kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a Q1 v&#224; Q2 s&#7869; b&#7857;ng kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a Q2 v&#224; Q3. C&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai s&#7869; c&#243; m&#7863;t &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng &#7903; hai b&#234;n c&#7911;a h&#7897;p. N&#7871;u m&#7897;t ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i b&#7883; l&#7879;ch, th&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng k&#7867; Q2 s&#7869; kh&#244;ng n&#7857;m &#7903; ch&#237;nh gi&#7919;a h&#7897;p m&#224; l&#7879;ch v&#236; m&#7897;t ph&#237;a. &#272;&#7897; d&#224;i r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; c&#361;ng s&#7869; m&#7845;t c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i v&#7899;i b&#234;n d&#224;i h&#417;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai h&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png" width="1068" height="422" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:422,&quot;width&quot;:1068,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; m&#7845;t c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i do c&#243; nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; m&#7845;t c&#226;n &#273;&#7889;i do c&#243; nhi&#7873;u gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mKq6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F61bc427f-a86c-43e2-9e1c-dbe2d364eda4_1068x422.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/khai-niem-thong-ke-statistics/">10 kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t khi l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; Data nh&#233;!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2><strong>3. &#7912;ng d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h2><h3><em><strong>So s&#225;nh c&#225;c nh&#243;m kh&#225;c nhau</strong></em></h3><p>Box plot th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#7857;m m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch so s&#225;nh (comparison) ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#225;c nhau. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; l&#224; bao qu&#225;t trong vi&#7879;c t&#243;m t&#7855;t c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7889;ng k&#234; m&#244; t&#7843; t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, gi&#250;p ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c b&#225;o c&#225;o d&#7877; d&#224;ng so s&#225;nh c&#225;c nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#244;ng qua ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a h&#7897;p v&#224; r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;.</p><p>N&#7871;u ch&#7881; c&#243; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng (category data), bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot s&#7869; ch&#7881; gi&#250;p t&#243;m t&#7855;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; thi&#7871;u kh&#7843; n&#259;ng hi&#7875;n th&#7883; c&#225;c chi ti&#7871;t v&#7873; h&#236;nh d&#7841;ng c&#7911;a ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Trong tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p n&#224;y, b&#7841;n n&#234;n l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; th&#7875; hi&#7879;n m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chi ti&#7871;t h&#417;n nh&#432; histogram ho&#7863;c &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; (density curve).</p><h3><em><strong>&#272;&#225;nh gi&#225; th&#7913; t&#7921; c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m</strong></em></h3><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7855;p x&#7871;p th&#7913; t&#7921; c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a h&#7897;p, gi&#250;p &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; ph&#7841;m vi gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng.</p><p>Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#225;c h&#7897;p s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p theo m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; t&#259;ng d&#7847;n c&#7911;a gi&#225; tr&#7883; trung v&#7883; Q2.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png" width="1042" height="562" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:562,&quot;width&quot;:1042,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&#7912;ng d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot: &#272;&#225;nh gi&#225; th&#7913; t&#7921; c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="&#7912;ng d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot: &#272;&#225;nh gi&#225; th&#7913; t&#7921; c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6GdM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4eafce50-b69d-4c8d-9e2c-4b6a2555a207_1042x562.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h2><strong>4. C&#225;c th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot</strong></h2><h3><em><strong>Chi&#7873;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot</strong></em></h3><p>Nh&#7857;m m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch r&#245; r&#224;ng v&#224; d&#7877; &#273;&#7885;c h&#417;n, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; linh ho&#7841;t trong vi&#7879;c c&#259;n ch&#7881;nh m&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot sao cho h&#7897;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7863;t theo chi&#7873;u d&#7885;c (v&#7899;i c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng n&#7857;m tr&#234;n tr&#7909;c ngang) ho&#7863;c theo chi&#7873;u ngang (v&#7899;i c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7855;p x&#7871;p theo chi&#7873;u d&#7885;c).</p><p>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot ngang s&#7869; ph&#249; h&#7907;p h&#417;n n&#7871;u b&#7841;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng ho&#7863;c c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#243; c&#243; &#273;&#7897; d&#224;i kh&#244;ng th&#237;ch h&#7907;p &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u th&#7883; theo chi&#7873;u d&#7885;c, h&#7841;n ch&#7871; vi&#7879;c ph&#7843;i xoay bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c ho&#7863;c c&#7855;t b&#7899;t t&#234;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#243;.</p><p>Trong khi &#273;&#243;, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot d&#7885;c th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng h&#417;n khi c&#225;c bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng l&#224; &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; th&#7901;i gian.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png" width="1093" height="364" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:364,&quot;width&quot;:1093,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Chi&#7873;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot &quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Chi&#7873;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot " title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-5nB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa8cf5e39-101d-4827-92c5-33f2b98855de_1093x364.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><em><strong>Chi&#7873;u d&#224;i ph&#7841;m vi h&#7897;p</strong></em></h3><p>Chi&#7873;u r&#7897;ng/ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a h&#7897;p bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a m&#7895;i nh&#243;m. Chi&#7873;u r&#7897;ng c&#7911;a h&#7897;p th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chia t&#7927; l&#7879; theo c&#259;n b&#7853;c hai c&#7911;a s&#7889; &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u, v&#236; c&#259;n b&#7853;c hai s&#7869; t&#7927; l&#7879; thu&#7853;n v&#7899;i sai s&#7889; chu&#7849;n (standard error) c&#7911;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883;. B&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7893; sung ch&#250; th&#237;ch s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i m&#7895;i nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i &#273;&#7875; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c b&#225;o c&#225;o d&#7877; d&#224;ng n&#7855;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c m&#7851;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png" width="868" height="475" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:475,&quot;width&quot;:868,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Chi&#7873;u d&#224;i ph&#7841;m vi h&#7897;p&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Chi&#7873;u d&#224;i ph&#7841;m vi h&#7897;p" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_rix!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F15224fd1-1231-4b53-b237-4029d8479d4b_868x475.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Khi s&#7917; d&#7909;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#226;n lo&#7841;i, b&#7841;n c&#361;ng c&#243; th&#7875; so s&#225;nh c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#226;n v&#7883; b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch so s&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng k&#7867; b&#234;n trong h&#7897;p.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png" width="861" height="479" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:479,&quot;width&quot;:861,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;V&#237; d&#7909; Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="V&#237; d&#7909; Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7ium!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd6176646-f38f-4cca-b28f-5c9896bf97b4_861x479.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot ph&#237;a tr&#234;n cho th&#7845;y Quy tr&#236;nh B &#273;ang t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m v&#7899;i c&#225;c th&#7901;i gian h&#7887;ng cao h&#417;n.</em></p><h3><em><strong>&#272;&#7897; d&#224;i r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#224; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai</strong></em></h3><p>C&#243; nhi&#7873;u c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7897; d&#224;i t&#7889;i &#273;a c&#7911;a r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;. C&#225;ch ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t ch&#237;nh l&#224; l&#7845;y gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#432;&#417;ng &#7913;ng 1,5 l&#7847;n IQR t&#7915; m&#7895;i &#273;&#7847;u h&#7897;p.</p><p>C&#225;ch th&#7913; hai, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u &#273;&#7897; d&#224;i t&#7889;i &#273;a c&#7911;a r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; t&#7841;i m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; ph&#226;n v&#7883; kh&#225;c t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; nh&#432; gi&#225; tr&#7883; Q1, Q2 v&#224; Q3. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, &#273;i&#7875;m t&#7889;i &#273;a n&#224;y l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#7903; ph&#226;n v&#7883; 9% v&#224; 91%, ho&#7863;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#7903; ph&#226;n v&#7883; 2% v&#224; 98%. Vi&#7879;c l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n kho&#7843;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; n&#224;y s&#7869; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n (normal distribution) c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Theo ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n, kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a ph&#226;n v&#7883; 9% v&#224; 25% (ho&#7863;c 91% v&#224; 75%) ph&#7843;i c&#243; c&#249;ng k&#237;ch th&#432;&#7899;c v&#7899;i kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a ph&#226;n v&#7883; 25% v&#224; 50% (ho&#7863;c 50% v&#224; 75%), trong khi kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a ph&#226;n v&#7883; 2% v&#224; 25% (ho&#7863;c 98% v&#224; 75%) ph&#7843;i b&#7857;ng kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch gi&#7919;a ph&#226;n v&#7883; 25% v&#224; 75%. D&#7921;a v&#224;o &#273;&#226;y, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; nhanh ch&#243;ng nh&#7853;n ra d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng (ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i chu&#7849;n) hay b&#7845;t &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng (ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i l&#7879;ch).</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png" width="1020" height="596" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:596,&quot;width&quot;:1020,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng v&#224; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng v&#224; b&#7845;t &#273;&#7889;i x&#7913;ng" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZdaK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f841da0-a20a-438d-bd0c-281cb617e349_1020x596.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>N&#7871;u s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;ch hai &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ph&#7841;m vi chi&#7873;u d&#224;i c&#7911;a r&#226;u c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, b&#7841;n n&#234;n c&#243; th&#234;m ghi ch&#250; &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh nh&#7847;m l&#7851;n v&#7899;i c&#244;ng th&#7913;c truy&#7873;n th&#7889;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;ch th&#7913; nh&#7845;t.</p><h2><strong>5. C&#225;c bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921;</strong></h2><h3><em><strong>Histogram</strong></em></h3><p>Histogram s&#7869; l&#224; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; ph&#249; h&#7907;p h&#417;n boxplot n&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a m&#7897;t gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng duy nh&#7845;t. D&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y s&#7869; kh&#244;ng m&#244; t&#7843; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c c&#225;c ph&#7847;n t&#432; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#432; boxplot , nh&#432;ng v&#7899;i histogram, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; quan s&#225;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chi ti&#7871;t v&#7873; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p>N&#7871;u c&#243; hai ho&#7863;c nhi&#7873;u nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7921;c quan b&#7857;ng nhi&#7873;u bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; histogram &#273;&#432;&#7907;c x&#7871;p ch&#7891;ng l&#234;n nhau, gi&#7889;ng nh&#432; v&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot ngang &#7903; h&#236;nh d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y. Tuy nhi&#234;n, c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; r&#7857;ng, khi v&#7869; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; cho qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng h&#417;n, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; histogram c&#7911;a m&#7895;i nh&#243;m s&#7869; ng&#224;y c&#224;ng nhi&#7877;u v&#224; kh&#243; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh h&#236;nh d&#7841;ng c&#7911;a m&#7895;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;. Ngo&#224;i ra, vi&#7879;c thi&#7871;u c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; th&#7889;ng k&#234; c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n vi&#7879;c so s&#225;nh gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m tr&#7903; n&#234;n kh&#243; kh&#259;n h&#417;n. V&#236; v&#7853;y, boxplot s&#7869; ph&#249; h&#7907;p n&#7871;u m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch c&#7911;a b&#7841;n l&#224; so s&#225;nh ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png" width="1045" height="440" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:440,&quot;width&quot;:1045,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Histogram&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Histogram" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!aUGR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3c067f3-685b-40f5-938e-82ff3518d01f_1045x440.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3><em><strong>Violin plot</strong></em></h3><p>M&#7897;t thay th&#7871; cho c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n h&#236;nh h&#7897;p l&#224; c&#7889;t truy&#7879;n v&#297; c&#7847;m. Trong m&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; violon, ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a m&#7895;i nh&#243;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u th&#7883; b&#7857;ng m&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897;. Trong m&#7897;t &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897;, m&#7895;i &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng r&#417;i v&#224;o m&#7897;t ng&#259;n &#273;&#417;n l&#7867; nh&#432; trong bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, m&#224; thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243; &#273;&#243;ng g&#243;p m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n di&#7879;n t&#237;ch nh&#7887; v&#224;o t&#7893;ng ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i. Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#297; c&#7847;m l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch nh&#7887; g&#7885;n &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#225;c d&#7845;u b&#7893; sung &#273;&#432;&#7907;c th&#234;m v&#224;o bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#297; c&#7847;m &#273;&#7875; cung c&#7845;p th&#244;ng tin bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; h&#7897;p ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n, nh&#432;ng &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m cho bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; tr&#7903; n&#234;n &#7891;n &#224;o h&#417;n khi &#273;&#7885;c.</p><p>M&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; kh&#225;c t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; boxplot ch&#237;nh l&#224; violin plot. V&#7899;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; violin plot, ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a m&#7895;i nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n b&#7857;ng &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong m&#7853;t &#273;&#7897; (density curve). N&#243;i c&#225;ch kh&#225;c, &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong n&#224;y l&#224; ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u. Nh&#432; v&#7853;y, m&#7895;i &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#7847;n t&#7841;o n&#234;n di&#7879;n t&#237;ch c&#7911;a &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng cong n&#224;y thay v&#236; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#243;m t&#7855;t trong ph&#7841;m vi c&#7911;a h&#7897;p. Ngo&#224;i ra, t&#432;&#417;ng t&#7921; boxplot , c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai c&#361;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n d&#432;&#7899;i d&#7841;ng d&#7845;u ch&#7845;m trong bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; violin plot.</p><p>Violin plot l&#224; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png" width="958" height="576" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:576,&quot;width&quot;:958,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Violin plot&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; Violin plot" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_kES!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f5cfa75-625e-4f09-82fb-f0c57bdd9664_958x576.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/chon-bieu-do">Data Visualization &#8211; C&#225;ch ch&#7885;n lo&#7841;i bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; minh h&#7885;a t&#7889;t nh&#7845;t cho metrics c&#7911;a b&#7841;n?</a></p><h3><em><strong>Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ch&#7919; c&#225;i (Letter-value plots)</strong></em></h3><p>&#272;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n b&#7903;i Hofmann, Kafadar v&#224; Wickham, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; letter-value plot l&#224; m&#7897;t d&#7841;ng m&#7903; r&#7897;ng c&#7911;a bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; boxplot ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n. D&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#225;c h&#7897;p ch&#7919; nh&#7853;t &#273;&#7875; bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u. H&#7897;p &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n chi&#7871;m 50% di&#7879;n t&#237;ch trung t&#226;m. H&#7897;p th&#7913; hai m&#7903; r&#7897;ng t&#7915; h&#7897;p th&#7913; nh&#7845;t v&#224; chi&#7871;m m&#7897;t n&#7917;a di&#7879;n t&#237;ch c&#242;n l&#7841;i (75% t&#7893;ng th&#7875;, 12,5% c&#242;n l&#7841;i &#7903; m&#7895;i &#273;&#7847;u), trong khi h&#7897;p th&#7913; ba chi&#7871;m m&#7897;t n&#7917;a di&#7879;n t&#237;ch c&#242;n l&#7841;i (87,5% t&#7893;ng th&#7875;, 6,25% c&#242;n l&#7841;i &#7903; m&#7895;i &#273;&#7847;u), v.v. cho &#273;&#7871;n khi k&#7871;t th&#250;c v&#224; c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#242;n l&#7841;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#225;nh d&#7845;u l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png" width="1011" height="323" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:323,&quot;width&quot;:1011,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ch&#7919; c&#225;i&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;source: imgur.com&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ch&#7919; c&#225;i" title="source: imgur.com" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vjej!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc15dac58-725d-4019-bd97-508abaca6d27_1011x323.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>D&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n v&#7899;i &#432;u &#273;i&#7875;m gi&#250;p &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh h&#417;n &#7903; c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#7847;n &#273;u&#244;i ngo&#224;i c&#7911;a t&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u khi b&#7841;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u h&#417;n. Ngo&#224;i ra, khi c&#224;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u, s&#7869; c&#224;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c coi l&#224; gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai.</p><p>M&#7863;c d&#249; d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y v&#7851;n c&#242;n nh&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7875;m trong vi&#7879;c hi&#7875;n th&#7883; m&#7897;t s&#7889; gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7889;ng k&#234; m&#244; t&#7843; ph&#226;n ph&#7889;i (v&#237; d&#7909;: gi&#225; tr&#7883; mode), nh&#432;ng d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; cung c&#7845;p nhi&#7873;u insight chi ti&#7871;t khi so s&#225;nh gi&#7919;a c&#225;c nh&#243;m gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#273;&#7883;nh d&#7841;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n c&#243; qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/4-buoc-data-storytelling">K&#7875; chuy&#7879;n b&#7857;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u (data storytelling) kh&#244;ng kh&#243; ch&#7881; v&#7899;i 4 b&#432;&#7899;c</a></p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/boxplot?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/boxplot?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/boxplot?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h3><strong>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</strong></h3><p>M&#7885;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7873;u &#7849;n ch&#7913;a m&#7897;t c&#226;u chuy&#7879;n, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u ch&#7885;n sai d&#7841;ng bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ch&#7881; &#273;ang tr&#236;nh b&#224;y d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921; k&#7875; chuy&#7879;n th&#244;ng qua d&#7919; li&#7879;u, ho&#7863;c t&#7879; h&#417;n, vi&#7879;c n&#224;y c&#242;n c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#7885;c b&#225;o c&#225;o g&#7863;p ph&#7843;i thi&#234;n ki&#7871;n v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kh&#244;ng ch&#237;nh x&#225;c.</p><p>Bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; v&#224; &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#273;&#250;ng c&#225;c quy t&#7855;c tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n g&#7905; r&#7889;i nh&#7919;ng kh&#243; kh&#259;n n&#224;y. Nh&#7919;ng n&#7897;i dung n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;ng d&#7841;y trong <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=data_analysis&amp;utm_content=boxplot">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Analysis c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketers</a>. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang g&#7863;p kh&#243; kh&#259;n trong vi&#7879;c khai th&#225;c tri&#7879;t &#273;&#7875; s&#7913;c m&#7841;nh c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong kinh doanh, &#273;&#7915;ng b&#7887; l&#7905; kh&#243;a h&#7885;c nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5u3j!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ddfb0eb-96f9-4125-a802-f86fadd8ef58_1055x670.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5u3j!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ddfb0eb-96f9-4125-a802-f86fadd8ef58_1055x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5u3j!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ddfb0eb-96f9-4125-a802-f86fadd8ef58_1055x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5u3j!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ddfb0eb-96f9-4125-a802-f86fadd8ef58_1055x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5u3j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ddfb0eb-96f9-4125-a802-f86fadd8ef58_1055x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5u3j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ddfb0eb-96f9-4125-a802-f86fadd8ef58_1055x670.png" width="1055" height="670" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0ddfb0eb-96f9-4125-a802-f86fadd8ef58_1055x670.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:670,&quot;width&quot;:1055,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5u3j!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ddfb0eb-96f9-4125-a802-f86fadd8ef58_1055x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5u3j!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ddfb0eb-96f9-4125-a802-f86fadd8ef58_1055x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5u3j!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ddfb0eb-96f9-4125-a802-f86fadd8ef58_1055x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5u3j!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0ddfb0eb-96f9-4125-a802-f86fadd8ef58_1055x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#234;n d&#7883;ch t&#7915; <a href="https://chartio.com/learn/charts/box-plot-complete-guide/">chartio</a>, xin vui l&#242;ng kh&#244;ng sao ch&#233;p d&#432;&#7899;i m&#7885;i h&#236;nh th&#7913;c.</em></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Dữ liệu chuỗi thời gian (Time series) là gì? Phân tích dữ liệu chuỗi thời gian như thế nào?]]></title><description><![CDATA[D&#7919; li&#7879;u qu&#225; kh&#7913; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n t&#432;&#417;ng lai ch&#237;nh x&#225;c &#273;&#7871;n m&#7913;c n&#224;o? H&#227;y kh&#225;m ph&#225; b&#237; quy&#7871;t trong ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian!]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/time-series</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/time-series</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Tina Nguyen]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 09 Dec 2024 09:14:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ed54a915-26f3-4545-9751-2f2f53c24d10_1366x768.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n t&#7915;ng l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u giao d&#7883;ch, doanh s&#7889; b&#225;n h&#224;ng hay h&#224;nh vi kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; g&#7863;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian. &#272;&#226;y kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; d&#7841;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n m&#224; c&#242;n l&#224; "ch&#236;a kh&#243;a v&#224;ng" gi&#250;p b&#7841;n nh&#7853;n di&#7879;n xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n s&#226;u xa v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7889;i &#432;u h&#243;a hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng kinh doanh.</p><p>Khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian, b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n l&#224; nh&#236;n v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889; m&#224; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i s&#7921; nh&#7841;y b&#233;n &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, th&#7853;m ch&#237; l&#224; nh&#7919;ng b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u. N&#7871;u kh&#244;ng n&#7855;m v&#7919;ng, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7887; l&#7905; nh&#7919;ng c&#417; h&#7897;i quan tr&#7885;ng.</p><p>Trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y, h&#227;y c&#249;ng Insight Ouch! t&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#7873; d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian, c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; <strong>ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian</strong> nh&#233;!</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2>1. D&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian (Time Series data) l&#224; g&#236;?</h2><p><strong>D&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian</strong>, hay c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7885;i l&#224; time series data l&#224; m&#7897;t t&#7853;p h&#7907;p c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thu th&#7853;p theo c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian (ng&#224;y, th&#225;ng, n&#259;m,...), cho ph&#233;p theo d&#245;i s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a m&#7897;t y&#7871;u t&#7889; n&#224;o &#273;&#243; theo th&#7901;i gian.</p><p>D&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; trong &#273;&#7901;i s&#7889;ng (theo d&#245;i l&#432;&#7907;ng m&#432;a, nhi&#7879;t &#273;&#7897;, th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7913;ng kho&#225;n,...) m&#224; c&#242;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i v&#224; t&#236;m ra xu h&#432;&#7899;ng trong c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng trong doanh nghi&#7879;p theo th&#7901;i gian. V&#237; d&#7909; theo d&#245;i s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#225;n theo t&#7915;ng th&#225;ng, s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng users truy c&#7853;p v&#224;o website theo ng&#224;y,...</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg" width="858" height="344" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:344,&quot;width&quot;:858,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; PZzlFPL.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; PZzlFPL.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; PZzlFPL.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guh3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F27ab4ae6-f1e2-40af-a595-f90fe41f35c8_858x344.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>V&#237; d&#7909;: S&#7917; d&#7909;ng time series data &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng users truy c&#7853;p v&#224;o website trong 2 th&#225;ng</em></p><p>Vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian (Time Series Analysis) s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n:</p><ul><li><p>Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo th&#7901;i gian.</p></li><li><p>X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c bi&#7871;n t&#7841;i c&#225;c th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m kh&#225;c nhau.</p></li><li><p>H&#7895; tr&#7907; &#273;&#432;a ra d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#432;&#417;ng lai c&#7911;a c&#225;c bi&#7871;n trong chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian d&#7921;a v&#224;o xu h&#432;&#7899;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;.</p></li></ul><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: <a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/rfm">Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch RFM l&#224; g&#236; v&#224; c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c ph&#226;n kh&#250;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng theo RFM</a></strong></p><h2>2. C&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian</h2><p>C&#243; 4 y&#7871;u t&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n l&#432;u &#253; khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian, vi&#7879;c n&#7855;m v&#7919;ng nh&#7919;ng &#8220;th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n&#8221; n&#224;y s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; h&#417;n v&#7873; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m v&#224; s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n ch&#237;nh x&#225;c h&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg" width="842" height="422" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:422,&quot;width&quot;:842,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; PUP8OLM.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; PUP8OLM.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; PUP8OLM.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LpEN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d2503ff-ff8a-4cb1-881e-bb325604c63c_842x422.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em><a href="https://github.com/ashishpatel26/ML-Notes-in-Markdown/blob/master/11-TimeSeries/01-Introduction.md">Image Source: Github</a></em></p><h3>2.1. Trend (Xu h&#432;&#7899;ng):</h3><p>Xu h&#432;&#7899;ng trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n<strong> s&#7921; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng l&#234;n ho&#7863;c xu&#7889;ng </strong>c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong <strong>m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i.</strong> B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh xu h&#432;&#7899;ng chung d&#7921;a v&#224;o <strong>&#273;&#7897; d&#7889;c</strong> c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#234;n bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;.</p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch Time Series data:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Upward Trend:</strong> Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#259;ng theo th&#7901;i gian</p></li><li><p><strong>Downward Trend: </strong>Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng gi&#7843;m theo th&#7901;i gian</p></li><li><p><strong>Horizontal Trend:</strong> Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875;, ho&#7863;c kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7893;i theo th&#7901;i gian</p></li><li><p><strong>Damped Trend: </strong>Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#7843;m d&#7847;n theo th&#7901;i gian, nh&#432;ng c&#224;ng v&#7873; sau t&#7889;c &#273;&#7897; thay &#273;&#7893;i c&#224;ng ch&#7853;m l&#7841;i.</p></li><li><p><strong>Non-linear Trend: </strong>Gi&#225; tr&#7883; c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u thay &#273;&#7893;i kh&#244;ng theo m&#7897;t xu h&#432;&#7899;ng chung m&#224; ph&#7913;c t&#7841;p h&#417;n, c&#243; th&#7875; bao g&#7891;m t&#259;ng, gi&#7843;m, &#273;&#7893;i h&#432;&#7899;ng ho&#7863;c thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#7897;t bi&#7871;n theo th&#7901;i gian</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg" width="375" height="248" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:248,&quot;width&quot;:375,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; 7l7j6kV.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; 7l7j6kV.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; 7l7j6kV.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UoDA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff6b3c13-77fd-4f05-99a9-1ecf64eba67a_375x248.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>2.2. Seasonality (T&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909;):</h3><p>T&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng t&#259;ng ho&#7863;c gi&#7843;m l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian.</p><p>M&#7897;t s&#7889; t&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch Time Series data:</p><ul><li><p><strong>Weekly Seasonality: </strong>S&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i trong kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian 7 ng&#224;y. V&#237; d&#7909;: s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng v&#233; xem phim t&#7841;i c&#225;c r&#7841;p t&#259;ng m&#7841;nh v&#224;o c&#225;c d&#7883;p cu&#7889;i tu&#7847;n.</p></li></ul><ul><li><p><strong>Monthly Seasonality: </strong>S&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i trong kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian 30 ho&#7863;c 31 ng&#224;y. V&#237; d&#7909;: Chi ti&#234;u c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng shopee t&#259;ng v&#7885;t v&#224;o c&#225;c &#273;&#7907;t sales &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7923; h&#224;ng th&#225;ng.</p></li><li><p><strong>Annual Seasonality: </strong>S&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i trong kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian 365 ho&#7863;c 366 ng&#224;y. V&#237; d&#7909;: S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch du l&#7883;ch t&#259;ng v&#7885;t v&#224;o c&#225;c &#273;&#7907;t cao &#273;i&#7875;m th&#225;ng h&#232;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Holiday Seasonality: </strong>S&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#226;y ra b&#7903;i c&#225;c s&#7921; ki&#7879;n &#273;&#7863;c bi&#7879;t nh&#432; ng&#224;y l&#7877;, l&#7877; h&#7897;i, s&#7921; ki&#7879;n th&#7875; thao. V&#237; d&#7909;: Doanh s&#7889; c&#225;c h&#227;ng b&#225;n l&#7867; t&#259;ng m&#7841;nh v&#224;o d&#7883;p s&#225;t T&#7871;t.</p></li></ul><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg" width="713" height="466" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:466,&quot;width&quot;:713,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; btbvJmo.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; btbvJmo.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; btbvJmo.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I3bt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F14a21a69-8a27-4309-a801-c8a8100432f3_713x466.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>2.3. Cyclicity (T&#237;nh chu k&#7923;):</h3><p>T&#237;nh chu k&#7923; trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng l&#234;n xu&#7889;ng l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7923;, c&#243; th&#7875; k&#233;o d&#224;i trong nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m v&#224; chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; giai &#273;o&#7841;n n&#224;y qua giai &#273;o&#7841;n kh&#225;c.</p><p><strong>S&#7921; kh&#225;c bi&#7879;t gi&#7919;a t&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; (Seasonality) v&#224; t&#237;nh chu k&#7923; (Cyclicity):</strong></p><p>T&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; (Seasonality) &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i, x&#7843;y ra trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh (h&#224;ng ng&#224;y, h&#224;ng tu&#7847;n, h&#224;ng th&#225;ng ho&#7863;c h&#224;ng n&#259;m), b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i nhi&#7873;u y&#7871;u t&#7889; nh&#432; th&#7901;i ti&#7871;t, c&#225;c ng&#224;y l&#7877;, h&#224;nh vi ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng,&#8230;. v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>M&#7863;t kh&#225;c, t&#237;nh chu k&#7923; (Cyclicity) &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng l&#7863;p &#273;i l&#7863;p l&#7841;i trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian kh&#244;ng x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh. Nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; v&#297; m&#244; h&#417;n nh&#432; chu k&#7923; kinh t&#7871;, xu h&#432;&#7899;ng th&#7883; tr&#432;&#7901;ng,&#8230; T&#237;nh chu k&#7923; kh&#244;ng b&#7883; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian c&#7889; &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243; di&#7877;n ra v&#7899;i t&#7847;n su&#7845;t kh&#225;c nhau, n&#234;n vi&#7879;c d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n s&#7869; tr&#7903; n&#234;n kh&#243; kh&#259;n h&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg" width="725" height="496" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:496,&quot;width&quot;:725,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; vdAUBms.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; vdAUBms.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; vdAUBms.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qZoS!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffe242550-d857-408b-9232-eb94e81b1d33_725x496.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h3>2.4. Irregularity (S&#7921; b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng):</h3><p>S&#7921; b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7873; c&#7853;p &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, x&#7843;y ra m&#7897;t c&#225;ch ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#225;i ng&#432;&#7907;c ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#7899;i c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;, kh&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; gi&#7843;i th&#237;ch v&#224; kh&#244;ng d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c tr&#432;&#7899;c. S&#7921; b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng n&#224;y c&#243; th&#7875; do s&#7921; sai s&#243;t trong &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u, ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng s&#7921; ki&#7879;n b&#7845;t ng&#7901; di&#7877;n ra v&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; v&#244; t&#236;nh l&#224;m &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#237;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c khi &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg" width="710" height="466" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:466,&quot;width&quot;:710,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; OP5pVal.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; OP5pVal.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; OP5pVal.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!an6t!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe7b5662a-20fe-4211-b46f-77bd53676195_710x466.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">&#272;&#259;ng k&#253; ngay &#273;&#7875; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t c&#225;c th&#244;ng tin h&#7919;u &#237;ch v&#7873; data nh&#233;!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h2>3. Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian v&#7899;i ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p Moving Average</h2><p>Moving averages (MA), hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng trung b&#236;nh tr&#432;&#7907;t, l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p th&#7889;ng k&#234; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch xem x&#233;t trung b&#236;nh c&#7911;a c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;.</p><p>M&#7909;c ti&#234;u ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y l&#224; &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh xu h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh trong d&#227;y th&#7901;i gian b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch &#8220;l&#224;m m&#7883;n&#8221;, lo&#7841;i b&#7887; b&#7899;t nh&#7919;ng bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n ho&#7863;c nhi&#7877;u.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg" width="1200" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; kcjM10U.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; kcjM10U.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; kcjM10U.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-kGP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1cbe8276-14a1-4f1c-b803-259d806a0da8_1200x768.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Image source: Turing</em></p><p>&#272;&#7875; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; h&#417;n v&#7873; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y, d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909;:</p><p>Cho s&#7889; li&#7879;u b&#225;n h&#224;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p t&#7915; 2000 &#273;&#7871;n 2009, Moving averages c&#7911;a doanh thu m&#7895;i 3 n&#259;m s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng trung b&#236;nh c&#7897;ng c&#7911;a 3 n&#259;m g&#7847;n nh&#7845;t tr&#7903; v&#7873; tr&#432;&#7899;c theo c&#244;ng th&#7913;c:</p><p>MA (2002) = (Doanh thu 2000 + Doanh thu 2001 + Doanh thu 2002)/3 = (4 + 7 + 4)/3 = 5</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; theo d&#245;i trong b&#7843;ng d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png" width="1203" height="606" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!br7M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdc466968-f064-4bb2-bb8b-e8cacbfab17c_1203x606.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Khi &#273;&#243;, &#273;&#432;&#7901;ng trung b&#236;nh &#273;&#7897;ng s&#7869; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c bi&#7875;u di&#7877;n nh&#432; h&#236;nh d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg" width="1254" height="742" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:742,&quot;width&quot;:1254,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; LeMUuwA.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; LeMUuwA.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; LeMUuwA.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZHjk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a25ee70-5d9a-44e7-8e28-aef1d920a484_1254x742.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>V&#237; d&#7909; tr&#234;n v&#7915;a s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p </p><ul><li><p>Cumulative Moving Average (CMA)</p></li><li><p>Exponential moving average (EMA)</p></li></ul><p>&#431;u &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p Moving Average l&#224; c&#225;ch t&#237;nh to&#225;n &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, d&#7877; hi&#7875;u, c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; g&#226;y nhi&#7877;u &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c lo&#7841;i b&#7887; b&#7899;t, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; d&#7877; d&#224;ng hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#244;ng qua vi&#7879;c ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; nh&#432; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, t&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909;, t&#237;nh chu k&#7923;,...</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n nh&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y l&#224; n&#243; d&#7921;a ho&#224;n to&#224;n v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913; m&#224; kh&#244;ng t&#237;nh &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; ki&#7879;n t&#432;&#417;ng lai. V&#236; v&#7853;y, &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n ch&#237;nh x&#225;c h&#417;n, b&#7841;n n&#234;n k&#7871;t h&#7907;p v&#7899;i nhi&#7873;u ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n kh&#225;c.</p><h2>4. M&#7897;t s&#7889; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p kh&#225;c &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian</h2><h3>4.1. Auto-Regressive</h3><p>Auto-Regressive (AR) hay c&#242;n g&#7885;i l&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh t&#7921; h&#7891;i quy l&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p d&#249;ng &#273;&#7875; d&#7921; b&#225;o gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#432;&#417;ng lai d&#7921;a tr&#234;n m&#7889;i t&#432;&#417;ng quan gi&#7919;a c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong m&#7897;t chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#7899;i c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg" width="863" height="231" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:231,&quot;width&quot;:863,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; ybXijRs.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; ybXijRs.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; ybXijRs.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!erke!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ce9aaf6-c31f-4818-9a2f-99bf250cf803_863x231.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Image source: simplilearn.com</em></p><p>Trong &#273;&#243;: X[t] (gi&#225; tr&#7883; t&#432;&#417;ng lai) ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o Y[t-1] (c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; &#7903; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;) v&#224; epsilon[t] c&#225;c bi&#7871;n s&#7889; nhi&#7877;u ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n.</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; Auto-Regressive <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoregressive_model">t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y</a></p><h3>4.2. ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average)</h3><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg" width="1200" height="768" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:768,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; BtZmvbU.jpg&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; BtZmvbU.jpg" title="H&#236;nh &#7843;nh n&#224;y ch&#432;a c&#243; thu&#7897;c t&#237;nh alt; t&#234;n t&#7879;p c&#7911;a n&#243; l&#224; BtZmvbU.jpg" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!8eEQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F99009203-8c34-40e8-832c-e1f238eac8c7_1200x768.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>Image source: Turing</em></p><p>ARIMA vi&#7871;t t&#7855;t c&#7911;a c&#7909;m t&#7915; Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average. M&#244; h&#236;nh d&#7921;a tr&#234;n gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t chu&#7895;i d&#7915;ng v&#224; ph&#432;&#417;ng sai sai s&#7889; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7893;i, s&#7917; d&#7909;ng nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong qu&#225; kh&#7913; bao g&#7891;m: chu&#7895;i t&#7921; h&#7891;i quy Auto-Regression v&#224; chu&#7895;i trung b&#236;nh tr&#432;&#7907;t Moving average c&#7911;a chu&#7895;i &#273;&#432;&#7907;c d&#7921; b&#225;o &#273;&#7875; d&#7921; b&#225;o ch&#237;nh chu&#7895;i &#273;&#243;.</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; m&#244; h&#236;nh ARIMA <a href="https://phamdinhkhanh.github.io/2019/12/12/ARIMAmodel.html#2-m%C3%B4-h%C3%ACnh-arima">t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y</a></p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra c&#242;n c&#243; nhi&#7873;u m&#244; h&#236;nh kh&#225;c &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch v&#224; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian nh&#432; SARIMA, ARIMAX, GARCH.</p><h2>5. M&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#244;ng c&#7909; h&#7895; tr&#7907; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7901;i gian</h2><p>Hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#7843; Python v&#224; R &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; nh&#7919;ng th&#432; vi&#7879;n h&#7895; tr&#7907; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7901;i gian:</p><h3>Python</h3><p>V&#7899;i Python, d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; 3 th&#432; vi&#7879;n ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian:</p><ul><li><p>Pandas: Pandas cung c&#7845;p nhi&#7873;u ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng kh&#225;c nhau &#273;&#7875; l&#7853;p ch&#7881; m&#7909;c, c&#7855;t, l&#7845;y m&#7851;u l&#7841;i v&#224; c&#259;n ch&#7881;nh d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian. Th&#432; vi&#7879;n n&#224;y c&#361;ng cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7883; thi&#7871;u, t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p v&#224; t&#237;nh to&#225;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo th&#7901;i gian.</p></li><li><p>NumPy: NumPy cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c c&#7845;u tr&#250;c v&#224; h&#224;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; c&#225;c m&#7843;ng v&#224; ma tr&#7853;n l&#7899;n v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng l&#224;m c&#7845;u tr&#250;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#417; b&#7843;n &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian trong c&#225;c th&#432; vi&#7879;n kh&#225;c nh&#432; pandas v&#224; statsmodels.</p></li><li><p>statsmodels: statsmodels bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh th&#7889;ng k&#234; &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian nh&#432; ARIMA, SARIMA v&#224; ARCH/GARCH. statsmodels c&#361;ng cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#273;&#7875; &#432;&#7899;c t&#237;nh m&#244; h&#236;nh, ki&#7875;m tra gi&#7843; thuy&#7871;t v&#224; ki&#7875;m tra ch&#7849;n &#273;o&#225;n.</p></li></ul><h3>R</h3><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; 3 th&#432; vi&#7879;n th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trong R &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian:</p><ul><li><p>forecast: forecast trong R &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n ri&#234;ng &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra d&#7921; b&#225;o cho d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7841;ng chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian, cung c&#7845;p nhi&#7873;u ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p v&#224; m&#244; h&#236;nh kh&#225;c nhau nh&#432; ETS, ARIMA&#8230;. V&#224; bao g&#7891;m nhi&#7873;u ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng nh&#432; l&#7921;a ch&#7885;n m&#244; h&#236;nh t&#7921; &#273;&#7897;ng, &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; m&#244; h&#236;nh v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra d&#7921; b&#225;o v&#7899;i kho&#7843;ng tin c&#7853;y.</p></li><li><p>tseries: tseries cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t b&#7897; c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian, bao g&#7891;m ki&#7875;m tra nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#417;n v&#7883; (unit root tests), ki&#7875;m tra t&#237;nh th&#7901;i v&#7909; (seasonality tests),... tseries c&#361;ng cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng nh&#432; ph&#226;n t&#225;ch chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian, lo&#7841;i b&#7887; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng v&#224; sai ph&#226;n.</p></li><li><p>zoo: th&#432; vi&#7879;n zoo ch&#7911; y&#7871;u t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o vi&#7879;c qu&#7843;n l&#253; v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian c&#243; kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7873;u nhau. N&#243; cung c&#7845;p c&#225;c c&#7845;u tr&#250;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u cho ph&#233;p d&#7877; d&#224;ng thao t&#225;c, t&#7853;p h&#7907;p v&#224; h&#7907;p nh&#7845;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian. zoo c&#361;ng c&#361;ng bao g&#7891;m c&#225;c ch&#7913;c n&#259;ng x&#7917; l&#253; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; b&#7883; thi&#7871;u v&#224; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p trong c&#225;c kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7873;u.</p></li></ul><h2>6. H&#7841;n ch&#7871; c&#7911;a Time series Analysis</h2><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng nh&#432;&#7907;c &#273;i&#7875;m ch&#237;nh c&#7911;a Time series Analysis l&#224; k&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y ch&#7881; h&#7919;u &#237;ch khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c thu th&#7853;p theo th&#7901;i gian. Ngo&#224;i ra, k&#7929; thu&#7853;t n&#224;y c&#242;n y&#234;u c&#7847;u kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7863;n gi&#7919;a c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh c&#243; &#253; ngh&#297;a. Do &#273;&#243; nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u kh&#244;ng ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o th&#7901;i gian (v&#237; d&#7909; category data) v&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; kho&#7843;ng c&#225;ch kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7873;u nhau s&#7869; kh&#244;ng ph&#249; h&#7907;p &#273;&#7875; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p n&#224;y.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra, khi l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7901;i gian, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n x&#7917; l&#253; c&#225;c gi&#225; tr&#7883; ngo&#7841;i lai v&#224; nhi&#7877;u. C&#244;ng vi&#7879;c l&#224;m s&#7841;ch v&#224; chu&#7849;n h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; t&#7889;n th&#7901;i gian v&#224; &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i nhi&#7873;u k&#7929; n&#259;ng &#273;&#7875; x&#7917; l&#253;.</p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/time-series?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/time-series?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/time-series?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h2>T&#7841;m k&#7871;t</h2><p><strong>Time series Analysis </strong>l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; gi&#250;p doanh nghi&#7879;p hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n c&#417; b&#7843;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng theo th&#7901;i gian, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;a ra d&#7921; b&#225;o trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai. Hy v&#7885;ng th&#244;ng qua b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; hi&#7875;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#7901;i gian l&#224; g&#236;, nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7847;n quan t&#226;m, v&#224; nh&#7919;ng c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u d&#7841;ng th&#7901;i gian hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang ph&#7843;i ti&#7871;p x&#250;c v&#7899;i h&#224;ng lo&#7841;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u, bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891;, m&#224; ch&#432;a bi&#7871;t t&#7853;n d&#7909;ng ch&#250;ng nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ki&#7871;m Insights ph&#7909;c v&#7909; c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c v&#224; ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh kinh doanh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c, th&#236; &#273;&#7915;ng b&#7887; l&#7905; <strong><a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=time-series-analysis">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Analysis c&#7911;a Tomorrow Marketes</a></strong> nh&#233;!</p><h2><strong>Kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Analysis &#8211; Trang b&#7883; t&#432; duy ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c</strong></h2><p>Kh&#243;a h&#7885;c s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n:</p><ul><li><p><strong>N&#7855;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c b&#432;&#7899;c trong quy tr&#236;nh l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u: </strong>N&#7855;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c 6 b&#432;&#7899;c trong quy tr&#236;nh l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u bao g&#7891;m Define problem, Data Collection, Data Preparation, Data Exploration, Building Report, Insight &amp; Recommendation &#273;&#7875; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.</p></li><li><p><strong>R&#232;n luy&#7879;n t&#432; duy &#273;&#7863;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh b&#224;i to&#225;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u:</strong> N&#7855;m v&#7919;ng t&#432; duy &#8216;&#273;&#7863;t c&#226;u h&#7887;i &#273;&#250;ng&#8217;, x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#250;ng b&#224;i to&#225;n &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u sau khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#250;ng v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p th&#244;ng qua c&#244;ng c&#7909; &#8220;Issue Tree&#8221;.</p></li><li><p><strong>Trang b&#7883; k&#7929; n&#259;ng x&#7917; l&#253; v&#224; tr&#7921;c quan d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7899;i c&#244;ng c&#7909;: </strong>C&#225;ch s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#244;ng c&#7909; nh&#432; Power BI, Tableau &#273;&#7875; h&#7895; tr&#7907; qu&#225; tr&#236;nh x&#7917; l&#253; v&#224; tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u gi&#250;p khai ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7889;t h&#417;n.</p></li><li><p><strong>C&#7843;i thi&#7879;n kh&#7843; n&#259;ng &#273;&#7885;c s&#7889; r&#250;t ra insight: </strong>Luy&#7879;n t&#7853;p &#273;&#7885;c s&#7889; r&#250;t ra insight (c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng, xu h&#432;&#7899;ng, nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n&#8230;) v&#224; tr&#236;nh b&#224;y &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t (data storytelling) qua c&#225;c case study &#7903; nhi&#7873;u l&#297;nh v&#7921;c kh&#225;c nhau (Sales, Customer, Digital, E-commerce) d&#432;&#7899;i s&#7921; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#7911;a c&#225;c trainers nhi&#7873;u n&#259;m kinh nghi&#7879;m.</p></li></ul><p><strong>T&#236;m hi&#7875;u v&#224; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; t&#432; v&#7845;n <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor_text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=time-series-analysis">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Analysis</a> ngay t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y</strong></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0052e517-acb7-4091-bf89-7c3844651c8a_1055x670.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0052e517-acb7-4091-bf89-7c3844651c8a_1055x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0052e517-acb7-4091-bf89-7c3844651c8a_1055x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0052e517-acb7-4091-bf89-7c3844651c8a_1055x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0052e517-acb7-4091-bf89-7c3844651c8a_1055x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0052e517-acb7-4091-bf89-7c3844651c8a_1055x670.png" width="1055" height="670" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0052e517-acb7-4091-bf89-7c3844651c8a_1055x670.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:670,&quot;width&quot;:1055,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MDdY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0052e517-acb7-4091-bf89-7c3844651c8a_1055x670.png 424w, 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stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[3 bước biến dữ liệu thành “Actionable Insight” - Chia sẻ từ kinh nghiệm làm Data tại Meta, Uber, Rippling]]></title><description><![CDATA[3 b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh &#8220;Actionable Insight&#8221;, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#250;c k&#7871;t t&#7915; kinh nghi&#7879;m l&#224;m Data t&#7841;i Meta, Uber, Rippling c&#7911;a t&#225;c gi&#7843; Torsten Walbaum.]]></description><link>https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/bien-du-lieu-thanh-actionable-insight</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/bien-du-lieu-thanh-actionable-insight</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Marketing Analytics & AI]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 13 Sep 2024 08:44:31 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ae0607d-ad94-4835-a7a0-ecda0824e2bf_1461x618.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vD-o!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d54e189-1c8b-42e4-8f6e-bd2d0eb1a3a8_876x561.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vD-o!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5d54e189-1c8b-42e4-8f6e-bd2d0eb1a3a8_876x561.png 424w, 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stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>D&#7919; li&#7879;u ng&#224;y c&#224;ng &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; quan tr&#7885;ng gi&#250;p doanh nghi&#7879;p &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh t&#7889;t h&#417;n. Nhi&#7873;u doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#361;ng nh&#7853;n ra &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y, v&#224; t&#7853;p trung r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c v&#224;o vi&#7879;c <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/quy-dinh-thu-thap-du-lieu/">thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a>, <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/xay-dung-van-hoa-du-lieu-khi-khong-co-data-team/">x&#226;y d&#7921;ng v&#259;n h&#243;a doanh nghi&#7879;p d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u</a>. D&#249; v&#7853;y, tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; nhi&#7873;u quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p v&#7851;n d&#7921;a v&#224;o kinh nghi&#7879;m ch&#7913; kh&#244;ng d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u, b&#7903;i doanh nghi&#7879;p thi&#7871;u &#273;i kh&#7843; n&#259;ng bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh nh&#7919;ng insight hay &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t &#8220;c&#243; th&#7875; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong th&#7921;c t&#7871;.&nbsp;</p><p>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y s&#7869; cung c&#7845;p cho b&#7841;n m&#7897;t mindset bao g&#7891;m 3 b&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#7875; bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh &#8220;Actionable Insight&#8221;, &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#250;c k&#7871;t t&#7915; kinh nghi&#7879;m l&#224;m Data t&#7841;i Meta, Uber, Rippling c&#7911;a t&#225;c gi&#7843; Torsten Walbaum.&nbsp;</p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Subscribe Insight Ouch! &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m c&#225;c b&#224;i vi&#7871;t chuy&#234;n s&#226;u v&#7873; Data v&#224; nh&#7853;n th&#244;ng b&#225;o m&#7895;i khi c&#243; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t m&#7899;i.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p></p><h2><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 1: X&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch</strong></h2><p>Tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&#234;n, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#7919;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#8220;key&#8221; c&#7847;n theo d&#245;i v&#224; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch, &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y s&#7869; &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o kh&#244;ng b&#7883; d&#224;n tr&#7843;i ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c c&#7911;a m&#236;nh, m&#224; ch&#7881; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o ph&#226;n t&#237;ch nh&#7919;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng tr&#7921;c ti&#7871;p &#273;&#7871;n k&#7871;t qu&#7843; kinh doanh cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng.&nbsp;</p><p>M&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m &#273;i&#7873;u n&#224;y ch&#237;nh l&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Driver/Issue tree &#273;&#7875; chia nh&#7887; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; ho&#7863;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u m&#224; b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c.</p><p>H&#227;y xem m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7BA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ae0607d-ad94-4835-a7a0-ecda0824e2bf_1461x618.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7BA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ae0607d-ad94-4835-a7a0-ecda0824e2bf_1461x618.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7BA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ae0607d-ad94-4835-a7a0-ecda0824e2bf_1461x618.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7BA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ae0607d-ad94-4835-a7a0-ecda0824e2bf_1461x618.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7BA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ae0607d-ad94-4835-a7a0-ecda0824e2bf_1461x618.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7BA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ae0607d-ad94-4835-a7a0-ecda0824e2bf_1461x618.png" width="1456" height="616" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1ae0607d-ad94-4835-a7a0-ecda0824e2bf_1461x618.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:616,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7BA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ae0607d-ad94-4835-a7a0-ecda0824e2bf_1461x618.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7BA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ae0607d-ad94-4835-a7a0-ecda0824e2bf_1461x618.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7BA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ae0607d-ad94-4835-a7a0-ecda0824e2bf_1461x618.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7BA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1ae0607d-ad94-4835-a7a0-ecda0824e2bf_1461x618.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, m&#7909;c ti&#234;u cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224; t&#259;ng doanh thu t&#7915; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o. Ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#244;ng th&#7913;c to&#225;n h&#7885;c &#273;&#7875; chia nh&#7887; ra:&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Revenue (Doanh thu) = Impressions (S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t hi&#7875;n th&#7883;) * CPM / 1000</strong></p><p>T&#7915; ph&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh n&#224;y, ta c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c b&#7867; nh&#7887; Impressions = Active users * Impression/user &gt;&nbsp; Active users = New active users * Retained active users,...&nbsp;</p><p>Sau qu&#225; tr&#236;nh &#8220;b&#7867; nh&#7887;&#8221; n&#224;y, b&#7841;n s&#7869; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#245; r&#224;ng c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; c&#7847;n t&#7853;p trung &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng doanh thu t&#7915; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; thu th&#7853;p v&#224; x&#226;y d&#7921;ng c&#225;c dashboard &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i, ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#273;&#243;.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>L&#432;u &#253;: </strong>C&#225;c doanh nghi&#7879;p v&#7899;i c&#225;c m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh (business model) kh&#225;c nhau s&#7869; c&#243; nh&#7919;ng c&#244;ng th&#7913;c kh&#225;c nhau &#273;&#7875; t&#237;nh to&#225;n, &#273;&#242;i h&#7887;i b&#7841;n ph&#7843;i c&#243; hi&#7875;u bi&#7871;t v&#7873; m&#244; h&#236;nh kinh doanh c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n &#273;ang l&#224;m cho c&#225;c doanh nghi&#7879;p c&#244;ng ngh&#7879;, c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o m&#7897;t s&#7889; c&#244;ng th&#7913;c <a href="https://www.lennysnewsletter.com/p/the-math-formula-behind-your-business">t&#7841;i &#273;&#226;y</a>.&nbsp;</p><p>Ngo&#224;i ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p s&#7917; d&#7909;ng c&#244;ng th&#7913;c to&#225;n h&#7885;c (Algebra structure), c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p kh&#225;c m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n Driver/Issue tree nh&#432; Process Structure, Conceptual Framework,... B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o th&#234;m trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/ky-thuat-lap-issue-tree/">3 k&#7929; thu&#7853;t l&#7853;p Issue Tree &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;</a> ho&#7863;c trong kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Analysis with Power BI | Tableau - Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u cho quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!enu5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa58b51f9-ac3b-4df9-93d2-c25b01c493cb_1202x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!enu5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa58b51f9-ac3b-4df9-93d2-c25b01c493cb_1202x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!enu5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa58b51f9-ac3b-4df9-93d2-c25b01c493cb_1202x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!enu5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa58b51f9-ac3b-4df9-93d2-c25b01c493cb_1202x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!enu5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa58b51f9-ac3b-4df9-93d2-c25b01c493cb_1202x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!enu5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa58b51f9-ac3b-4df9-93d2-c25b01c493cb_1202x630.png" width="1202" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a58b51f9-ac3b-4df9-93d2-c25b01c493cb_1202x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1202,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!enu5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa58b51f9-ac3b-4df9-93d2-c25b01c493cb_1202x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!enu5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa58b51f9-ac3b-4df9-93d2-c25b01c493cb_1202x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!enu5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa58b51f9-ac3b-4df9-93d2-c25b01c493cb_1202x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!enu5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa58b51f9-ac3b-4df9-93d2-c25b01c493cb_1202x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><em>3 k&#7929; thu&#7853;t l&#7853;p Issue tree gi&#250;p chia nh&#7887; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; &#273;&#7875; ph&#226;n t&#237;ch - Slide <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor-text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=actionable-insight">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Analysis with Power BI | Tableau</a> - Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u cho quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c.&nbsp;&nbsp;</em></p><p>T&#7915; Driver/Issue tree &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n, &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh nh&#7919;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#8220;key&#8221; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, c&#243; m&#7897;t s&#7889; kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m m&#224; b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n bi&#7871;t:&nbsp;</p><h3><strong>Leading Indicators (Ch&#7881; s&#7889; d&#7851;n d&#7855;t):</strong>&nbsp;</h3><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; m&#224; b&#7841;n theo d&#245;i &#273;&#7875; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7857;m &#273;&#7841;t k&#7871;t qu&#7843; mong mu&#7889;n.&nbsp;</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t hi&#7875;n th&#7883; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o (Impressions) c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; m&#7897;t ch&#7881; s&#7889; d&#7851;n d&#7855;t, gi&#250;p b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7913;c &#273;&#7897; ti&#7871;p c&#7853;n c&#7911;a qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o v&#224; d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng m&#7899;i. N&#7871;u sau khi thay &#273;&#7893;i n&#7897;i dung qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o, s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t hi&#7875;n th&#7883; t&#259;ng, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng m&#7851;u qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o &#273;&#243; &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t m&#7909;c ti&#234;u v&#7873; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t hi&#7875;n th&#7883; &#273;&#7873; ra.</p><p>C&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; c&#224;ng &#7903; cu&#7889;i Driver/Issue tree th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7869; l&#224; ch&#7881; s&#7889; d&#7851;n d&#7855;t m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224;o v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#237;nh nh&#7857;m &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng.&nbsp;</p><h3><strong>Lagging Indicators (Ch&#7881; s&#7889; tr&#7877;):</strong></h3><p>L&#224; nh&#7919;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; ph&#7843;n &#225;nh k&#7871;t qu&#7843; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, cung c&#7845;p c&#225;i nh&#236;n to&#224;n di&#7879;n v&#7873; hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; c&#7911;a c&#225;c chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c v&#224; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#227; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; gi&#250;p r&#250;t ra b&#224;i h&#7885;c &#273;&#7875; c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n c&#225;c h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai.&nbsp;</p><p>Ch&#7881; s&#7889; tr&#7877; th&#432;&#7901;ng cho th&#7845;y k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a c&#225;c h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#227; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n t&#7915; v&#224;i tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7871;n v&#224;i th&#225;ng tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;. Doanh thu (Revenue) l&#224; m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; &#273;i&#7875;n h&#236;nh c&#7911;a ch&#7881; s&#7889; tr&#7877;. Team Sales v&#224; Marketing th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n r&#7845;t nhi&#7873;u h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7875; thu h&#250;t lead, nh&#432;ng &#273;&#7875; lead chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i th&#224;nh deals, v&#224; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng ch&#7889;t th&#224;nh c&#244;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o ra doanh thu s&#7869; l&#224; m&#7897;t qu&#225; tr&#236;nh c&#243; th&#7875; k&#233;o d&#224;i &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u th&#225;ng.&nbsp;</p><p>C&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; c&#224;ng &#7903; &#273;&#7847;u c&#7911;a Driver/Issue tree th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7869; l&#224; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; tr&#7877;.&nbsp;</p><h3><strong>Lag (&#272;&#7897; tr&#7877;):&nbsp;</strong></h3><p>L&#224; kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian gi&#7919;a m&#7897;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng v&#224; k&#7871;t qu&#7843; c&#7911;a n&#243;. V&#237; d&#7909;, t&#7915; khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o &#273;&#7871;n khi th&#7845;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c doanh thu t&#7915; chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243; m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh.</p><p>Vi&#7879;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#7897; tr&#7877; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c ph&#7843;i ch&#7901; bao l&#226;u m&#7899;i th&#7845;y k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7915; c&#225;c h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; &#273;&#432;a ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c ho&#7863;c &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c k&#7883;p th&#7901;i.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, n&#7871;u b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng ph&#7843;i m&#7845;t 3 th&#225;ng &#273;&#7875; th&#7845;y k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7915; m&#7897;t chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o, b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng v&#7897;i v&#224;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i chi&#7871;n d&#7883;ch tr&#432;&#7899;c khi h&#7871;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian n&#224;y.&nbsp;</p><p>Ban &#273;&#7847;u, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n th&#7917; nghi&#7879;m &#273;&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian h&#7907;p l&#253;, sau khi c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7889;c th&#7901;i gian r&#7891;i, b&#7841;n s&#7869; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c v&#7899;i m&#7897;t h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng m&#7899;i s&#7869; c&#7847;n bao l&#226;u &#273;&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y k&#7871;t qu&#7843;.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><h2><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 2: Thu th&#7853;p v&#224; kh&#225;m ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h2><p>Sau khi x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng, b&#432;&#7899;c ti&#7871;p theo l&#224; thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p c&#225;c h&#7879; th&#7889;ng v&#224; quy tr&#236;nh &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i v&#224; thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; n&#224;y. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;i nh&#236;n li&#234;n t&#7909;c v&#224; c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t v&#7873; hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t c&#7911;a doanh nghi&#7879;p, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra c&#225;c quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh k&#7883;p th&#7901;i v&#224; ch&#237;nh x&#225;c.</p><p>&#272;&#7875; theo d&#245;i c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; m&#7897;t c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;, b&#7841;n c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p c&#225;c dashboard (b&#7843;ng &#273;i&#7873;u khi&#7875;n) &#273;&#7875; hi&#7875;n th&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch tr&#7921;c quan v&#224; d&#7877; hi&#7875;u. C&#225;c c&#244;ng c&#7909; BI (Business Intelligence) nh&#432; Power BI, Tableau, Google Sheets hay Excel &#273;&#7873;u c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng cho m&#7909;c &#273;&#237;ch n&#224;y.</p><p><strong>&#272;&#7885;c th&#234;m: </strong><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/excel-vs-power-bi-nen-dung-cong-cu">Excel vs Power BI: N&#234;n D&#249;ng C&#244;ng C&#7909; N&#224;o &#272;&#7875; Ph&#226;n T&#237;ch D&#7919; Li&#7879;u?</a></p><p>B&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y s&#7869; kh&#244;ng &#273;i qu&#225; s&#226;u v&#224;o c&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; t&#7841;o m&#7897;t Dashboard m&#224; s&#7869; &#273;i v&#224;o c&#225;c tips th&#7921;c ti&#7877;n &#273;&#7875; b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, thu th&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c data m&#7897;t c&#225;ch h&#7907;p l&#253;, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; tr&#225;nh vi&#7879;c &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng insight thi&#7871;u ch&#237;nh x&#225;c t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u.&nbsp;</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; c&#225;ch x&#226;y d&#7921;ng Dashboard c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o m&#7897;t s&#7889; b&#224;i vi&#7871;t d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:</p><ul><li><p><a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/cach-tao-dashboard-excel">H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n c&#225;ch t&#7841;o Dashboard v&#7899;i Excel Pivot Table (C&#243; dataset th&#7921;c h&#224;nh)</a></p></li><li><p><a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/tao-dashboard-tableau/">H&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n 5 b&#432;&#7899;c t&#7841;o Dashboard tr&#234;n Tableau</a></p></li></ul><p>Ho&#7863;c c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o kh&#243;a h&#7885;c <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor-text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=actionable-insight">Data Analysis with Power BI | Tableau</a> &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n chi ti&#7871;t.</p><div id="youtube2-8AcNVslNtKM" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;8AcNVslNtKM&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/8AcNVslNtKM?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h3><strong>Ch&#7885;n khung th&#7901;i gian thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#249; h&#7907;p</strong></h3><p>&#272;&#7875; tr&#225;nh vi&#7879;c thu th&#7853;p qu&#225; nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u g&#226;y ra nhi&#7877;u, nh&#432;ng v&#7851;n &#273;&#7843;m b&#7843;o c&#243; &#273;&#7911; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; ph&#225;t hi&#7879;n ra nh&#7919;ng &#8220;&#273;i&#7875;m n&#243;ng&#8221; k&#7883;p th&#7901;i, vi&#7879;c x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian &#273;&#7875; thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#224; v&#244; c&#249;ng quan tr&#7885;ng.&nbsp;</p><p>&#272;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u ph&#249; h&#7907;p, s&#7869; ph&#7909; thu&#7897;c v&#224;o vi&#7879;c b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng d&#7921;a tr&#234;n nh&#7919;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#243; hay kh&#244;ng.&nbsp;</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: Vi&#7879;c &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo th&#7901;i gian th&#7921;c s&#7869; r&#7845;t h&#7919;u &#237;ch cho c&#225;c n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng B2C nh&#432; Uber v&#236; c&#225;c giao d&#7883;ch c&#243; chu k&#7923; ng&#7855;n (m&#7897;t chuy&#7871;n &#273;i Uber th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c y&#234;u c&#7847;u, ch&#7845;p nh&#7853;n v&#224; ho&#224;n th&#224;nh trong v&#242;ng ch&#432;a &#273;&#7847;y m&#7897;t gi&#7901;) v&#224; Uber c&#243; c&#225;c &#8220;c&#244;ng c&#7909;&#8221; &#273;&#7875; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng ngay l&#7853;p t&#7913;c d&#7921;a tr&#234;n c&#225;c data thu th&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c (gi&#225; t&#259;ng v&#224;o gi&#7901; cao &#273;i&#7875;m, khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng &#273;&#7863;t xe nh&#7901; th&#234;m m&#227; gi&#7843;m gi&#225;, hay th&#244;ng b&#225;o cho t&#224;i x&#7871; m&#7895;i khi c&#243; kh&#225;ch &#273;&#7863;t xe).</p><p>Ng&#432;&#7907;c l&#7841;i, v&#7899;i m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p B2B SaaS, c&#225;c giao d&#7883;ch th&#432;&#7901;ng c&#243; chu k&#7923; giao d&#7883;ch d&#224;i ng&#224;y, team kinh doanh c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7869; kh&#244;ng c&#243; c&#225;c h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng li&#234;n t&#7909;c &#273;&#7875; t&#225;c &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7871;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, n&#234;n vi&#7879;c thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#225;n h&#224;ng h&#7857;ng ng&#224;y s&#7869; khi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7883; nhi&#7877;u.&nbsp;</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo ng&#224;y, m&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; theo th&#225;ng, ho&#7863;c d&#224;i h&#417;n, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#243; m&#7897;t v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; ph&#225;t sinh l&#224; b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#243; r&#7845;t &#237;t &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7875; quan s&#225;t, v&#224; s&#7869; ph&#7843;i ch&#7901; m&#7897;t th&#7901;i gian d&#224;i &#273;&#7875; c&#243; &#273;&#7911; data.&nbsp;</p><p>M&#7897;t gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p &#273;&#7875; c&#226;n b&#7857;ng ch&#237;nh l&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng<strong> ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p trung b&#236;nh cu&#7889;n (Rolling Average).&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Trung b&#236;nh cu&#7889;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh b&#7857;ng c&#225;ch l&#7845;y trung b&#236;nh c&#7897;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t t&#7853;p h&#7907;p c&#225;c &#273;i&#7875;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u trong m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng th&#7901;i gian nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh, sau &#273;&#243; d&#7883;ch chuy&#7875;n khung th&#7901;i gian n&#224;y m&#7897;t kho&#7843;ng nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh v&#224; t&#237;nh l&#7841;i trung b&#236;nh.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, n&#7871;u b&#7841;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng trung b&#236;nh cu&#7889;n 7 ng&#224;y, b&#7841;n s&#7869; t&#237;nh trung b&#236;nh c&#7897;ng c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u t&#7915; ng&#224;y 1 &#273;&#7871;n ng&#224;y 7, sau &#273;&#243; t&#7915; ng&#224;y 2 &#273;&#7871;n ng&#224;y 8, t&#7915; ng&#224;y 3 &#273;&#7871;n ng&#224;y 9, v&#224; c&#7913; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c nh&#432; v&#7853;y.</p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p t&#237;nh to&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7917; d&#7909;ng &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m m&#432;&#7907;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u, gi&#250;p lo&#7841;i b&#7887; nhi&#7877;u do c&#225;c bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, gi&#250;p b&#7841;n c&#243; c&#225;i nh&#236;n ch&#237;nh x&#225;c h&#417;n v&#7873; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng th&#7921;c s&#7921;.&nbsp;</p><p>H&#227;y nh&#236;n v&#224;o v&#237; d&#7909; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Zuz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4879fde2-16d9-4f33-88df-e7483cd7791a_1127x445.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Zuz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4879fde2-16d9-4f33-88df-e7483cd7791a_1127x445.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Zuz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4879fde2-16d9-4f33-88df-e7483cd7791a_1127x445.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Zuz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4879fde2-16d9-4f33-88df-e7483cd7791a_1127x445.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Zuz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4879fde2-16d9-4f33-88df-e7483cd7791a_1127x445.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Zuz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4879fde2-16d9-4f33-88df-e7483cd7791a_1127x445.png" width="1127" height="445" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4879fde2-16d9-4f33-88df-e7483cd7791a_1127x445.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:445,&quot;width&quot;:1127,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Zuz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4879fde2-16d9-4f33-88df-e7483cd7791a_1127x445.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Zuz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4879fde2-16d9-4f33-88df-e7483cd7791a_1127x445.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Zuz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4879fde2-16d9-4f33-88df-e7483cd7791a_1127x445.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-Zuz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4879fde2-16d9-4f33-88df-e7483cd7791a_1127x445.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>N&#7871;u nh&#236;n v&#224;o chart b&#234;n tr&#225;i, doanh thu t&#259;ng theo t&#7915;ng th&#225;ng v&#224; &#273;&#7873;u &#273;&#7841;t ho&#7863;c v&#432;&#7907;t goal, c&#243; th&#7875; k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n r&#7857;ng ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; v&#7867; s&#7869; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u th&#225;ng 4, tuy nhi&#234;n n&#7871;u thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo ng&#224;y v&#224; s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p trung b&#236;nh cu&#7889;n (30 ng&#224;y) &#273;&#7875; l&#224;m m&#432;&#7907;t d&#7919; li&#7879;u s&#7869; c&#243; th&#7875; nh&#236;n th&#7845;y doanh thu &#273;ang c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng &#273;i xu&#7889;ng, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng &#8220;&#273;&#224;o s&#226;u&#8221; v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p k&#7883;p th&#7901;i c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng cao s&#7869; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7841;t goal th&#225;ng 4.&nbsp;</p><h3><strong>Thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p Benchmarks cho c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889;</strong></h3><p>Vi&#7879;c thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p benchmarks r&#7845;t quan tr&#7885;ng trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh thu th&#7853;p v&#224; kh&#225;m ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#236; n&#243; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n hi&#7875;u r&#245; h&#417;n v&#224; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; b&#7841;n &#273;ang theo d&#245;i. C&#7909; th&#7875;, benchmarks cung c&#7845;p m&#7897;t ti&#234;u chu&#7849;n &#273;&#7875; so s&#225;nh hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i v&#7899;i hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t qu&#225; kh&#7913; ho&#7863;c v&#7899;i c&#225;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u &#273;&#227; &#273;&#7873; ra. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y gi&#250;p b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i c&#243; &#273;ang di&#7877;n ra theo k&#7871; ho&#7841;ch hay kh&#244;ng.&nbsp;</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: N&#7871;u doanh thu trong 3 th&#225;ng g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y &#273;&#7873;u th&#7845;p h&#417;n so v&#7899;i benchmark, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y vi&#7879;c gi&#7843;m doanh thu kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; l&#224; ng&#7851;u nhi&#234;n, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; c&#7847;n xem x&#233;t l&#7841;i chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c marketing ho&#7863;c ki&#7875;m tra c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng kh&#225;c.</p><p>Ngo&#224;i ra benchmarks gi&#250;p b&#7841;n thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p c&#225;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u th&#7921;c t&#7871; v&#224; kh&#7843; thi h&#417;n d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#7883;ch s&#7917; tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#243;. N&#7871;u b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t r&#7857;ng m&#7897;t ch&#7881; s&#7889; c&#7909; th&#7875; th&#432;&#7901;ng dao &#273;&#7897;ng trong m&#7897;t ph&#7841;m vi nh&#7845;t &#273;&#7883;nh, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7863;t ra c&#225;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u d&#7921;a tr&#234;n ph&#7841;m vi &#273;&#243; v&#224; &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c n&#7871;u c&#7847;n thi&#7871;t.&nbsp;</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, n&#7871;u t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7919; ch&#226;n kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng trung b&#236;nh l&#224; 70%, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7863;t m&#7909;c ti&#234;u t&#259;ng l&#234;n 75% v&#224; theo d&#245;i ti&#7871;n &#273;&#7897; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u n&#224;y.</p><h3><strong>C&#226;n nh&#7855;c &#273;&#7871;n y&#7871;u t&#7889; m&#249;a v&#7909; khi &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u</strong></h3><p>Trong qu&#225; tr&#236;nh thu th&#7853;p v&#224; theo d&#245;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u, n&#7871;u b&#7887; qua t&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909;, b&#7841;n s&#7869; r&#7845;t d&#7877; b&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#225;nh l&#7915;a v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh sai l&#7847;m. H&#227;y c&#249;ng xem m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; nh&#7887; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZjOs!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F584735ab-5b5a-4cc2-91cc-9c0e3db0c86c_1315x618.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZjOs!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F584735ab-5b5a-4cc2-91cc-9c0e3db0c86c_1315x618.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZjOs!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F584735ab-5b5a-4cc2-91cc-9c0e3db0c86c_1315x618.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZjOs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F584735ab-5b5a-4cc2-91cc-9c0e3db0c86c_1315x618.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZjOs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F584735ab-5b5a-4cc2-91cc-9c0e3db0c86c_1315x618.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZjOs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F584735ab-5b5a-4cc2-91cc-9c0e3db0c86c_1315x618.png" width="1315" height="618" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/584735ab-5b5a-4cc2-91cc-9c0e3db0c86c_1315x618.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:618,&quot;width&quot;:1315,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZjOs!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F584735ab-5b5a-4cc2-91cc-9c0e3db0c86c_1315x618.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZjOs!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F584735ab-5b5a-4cc2-91cc-9c0e3db0c86c_1315x618.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZjOs!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F584735ab-5b5a-4cc2-91cc-9c0e3db0c86c_1315x618.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZjOs!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F584735ab-5b5a-4cc2-91cc-9c0e3db0c86c_1315x618.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u Doanh thu h&#224;ng th&#225;ng c&#7911;a m&#7897;t doanh nghi&#7879;p SaaS B2B. N&#7871;u ch&#7881; nh&#236;n v&#224;o bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; n&#224;y, c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y doanh thu sau khi &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#7881;nh v&#224;o th&#225;ng 6 &#273;&#227; b&#7855;t &#273;&#7847;u t&#7909;t gi&#7843;m li&#234;n ti&#7871;p xong hai th&#225;ng 7 v&#224; 8, v&#224; c&#243; kh&#7843; n&#259;ng cao s&#7869; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c gi&#7843;m v&#224;o th&#225;ng 9, ch&#7855;c ch&#7855;n ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; c&#7847;n &#8220;nhanh ch&#243;ng&#8221; &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7873;u ch&#7881;nh &#273;&#7875; ng&#259;n vi&#7879;c doanh thu ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c gi&#7843;m v&#224;o c&#225;c th&#225;ng ti&#7871;p theo.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_qhh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa1a8cf8-55a2-4074-870e-92369b6a2264_1300x615.png" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_qhh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa1a8cf8-55a2-4074-870e-92369b6a2264_1300x615.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_qhh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa1a8cf8-55a2-4074-870e-92369b6a2264_1300x615.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_qhh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa1a8cf8-55a2-4074-870e-92369b6a2264_1300x615.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, n&#7871;u so s&#225;nh v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; doanh thu c&#7911;a c&#244;ng ty &#273;&#243; trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;, c&#243; m&#7897;t xu h&#432;&#7899;ng chung v&#7873; vi&#7879;c doanh thu th&#432;&#7901;ng s&#7869; gi&#7843;m trong th&#225;ng 7, 8 (nh&#7919;ng th&#225;ng h&#232;) v&#224; s&#7869; ph&#7909;c h&#7891;i d&#7847;n t&#7915; th&#225;ng 9.&nbsp;</p><p>N&#7871;u bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; n&#224;y, khi doanh thu c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7909;t gi&#7843;m v&#224;o th&#225;ng 7, 8, b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng c&#242;n qu&#225; ho&#7843;ng h&#7889;t, b&#7841;n s&#7869; bi&#7871;t r&#245; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n doanh thu gi&#7843;m l&#224; do t&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909;, v&#224; bi&#7871;t li&#7879;u c&#243; c&#7847;n th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#8220;kh&#7849;n c&#7845;p&#8221; &#273;&#7875; kh&#7855;c ph&#7909;c t&#236;nh h&#236;nh, hay ch&#7901; cho doanh thu t&#7921; ph&#7909;c h&#7891;i.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>T&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; kh&#244;ng ch&#7881; gi&#7899;i h&#7841;n &#7903; c&#225;c th&#225;ng trong n&#259;m; m&#224; c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; c&#225;c ng&#224;y trong tu&#7847;n, ho&#7863;c c&#225;c th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m trong th&#225;ng. H&#227;y c&#249;ng xem m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; n&#7919;a:&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKv4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd89a6450-cc3e-4be5-afe0-65789a6fdd1f_1365x606.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKv4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd89a6450-cc3e-4be5-afe0-65789a6fdd1f_1365x606.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKv4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd89a6450-cc3e-4be5-afe0-65789a6fdd1f_1365x606.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKv4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd89a6450-cc3e-4be5-afe0-65789a6fdd1f_1365x606.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKv4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd89a6450-cc3e-4be5-afe0-65789a6fdd1f_1365x606.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKv4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd89a6450-cc3e-4be5-afe0-65789a6fdd1f_1365x606.png" width="1365" height="606" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d89a6450-cc3e-4be5-afe0-65789a6fdd1f_1365x606.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:606,&quot;width&quot;:1365,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKv4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd89a6450-cc3e-4be5-afe0-65789a6fdd1f_1365x606.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKv4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd89a6450-cc3e-4be5-afe0-65789a6fdd1f_1365x606.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKv4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd89a6450-cc3e-4be5-afe0-65789a6fdd1f_1365x606.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RKv4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd89a6450-cc3e-4be5-afe0-65789a6fdd1f_1365x606.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#272;&#432;&#7901;ng m&#224;u v&#224;ng th&#7875; hi&#7879;n hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t b&#225;n h&#224;ng c&#7911;a team Sales trong th&#225;ng 4, n&#7871;u ch&#7881; d&#7921;a v&#224;o k&#7871;t qu&#7843; trong v&#242;ng 15 ng&#224;y &#273;&#7847;u, team sales b&#225;n &#273;&#432;&#7907;c $26,000, vi&#7879;c team c&#243; th&#7875; b&#225;n th&#234;m g&#7845;p &#273;&#244;i trong v&#242;ng 6 ng&#224;y &#273;&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t m&#7909;c ti&#234;u $50,000 v&#224;o ng&#224;y 21 g&#7847;n nh&#432; l&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875;. Tuy nhi&#234;n, n&#7871;u nh&#236;n v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#7903; th&#225;ng 2 v&#224; th&#225;ng 3, c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y team Sales th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7889;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u deal v&#224;o cu&#7889;i th&#225;ng, &#273;&#7891;ng ngh&#297;a v&#7899;i vi&#7879;c t&#7893;ng doanh thu th&#225;ng ho&#224;n to&#224;n c&#243; th&#7875; t&#259;ng g&#7845;p &#273;&#244;i v&#224; &#273;&#7841;t con s&#7889; $50,000 ch&#7881; trong v&#242;ng 6 ng&#224;y.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>C&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y t&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; &#273;&#243;ng vai tr&#242; quan tr&#7885;ng trong vi&#7879;c di&#7877;n gi&#7843;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#227; thu th&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c, t&#7915; &#273;&#243; tr&#225;nh vi&#7879;c b&#7883; d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#225;nh l&#7915;a, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng insight v&#224; nh&#7919;ng quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh thi&#7871;u ch&#237;nh x&#225;c.&nbsp;</p><p>&#272;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c li&#7879;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; t&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; hay kh&#244;ng, b&#7841;n h&#227;y xem x&#233;t xem d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n c&#243; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n c&#225;c m&#7851;u l&#7863;p l&#7841;i theo th&#7901;i gian trong ng&#224;y, ng&#224;y trong tu&#7847;n, th&#7901;i gian trong th&#225;ng, ho&#7863;c th&#225;ng trong n&#259;m kh&#244;ng?</p><p>B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7885;c th&#234;m v&#7873; t&#237;nh m&#249;a v&#7909; (Seasonality), t&#237;nh chu k&#7923; (Cyclicity) hay t&#237;nh b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng (Irregularity) c&#7911;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch theo th&#7901;i gian trong b&#224;i vi&#7871;t: <a href="https://blog.tomorrowmarketers.org/time-series-analysis/">D&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian (Time series) l&#224; g&#236;? Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u chu&#7895;i th&#7901;i gian nh&#432; th&#7871; n&#224;o?</a></p><div class="captioned-button-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/bien-du-lieu-thanh-actionable-insight?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="CaptionedButtonToDOM"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">N&#7871;u b&#7841;n th&#7845;y b&#224;i vi&#7871;t n&#224;y h&#7919;u &#237;ch, h&#227;y chia s&#7867; &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u ng&#432;&#7901;i h&#417;n nh&#233;!</p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/bien-du-lieu-thanh-actionable-insight?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://analytics.tomorrowmarketers.org/p/bien-du-lieu-thanh-actionable-insight?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p></div><h3><strong>X&#7917; l&#253; d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#432;a thu th&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7847;y &#273;&#7911;</strong></h3><p>M&#7897;t trong nh&#7919;ng c&#7841;m b&#7851;y ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n nh&#7845;t khi ph&#226;n t&#237;ch c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; l&#224; xem x&#233;t c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#273;&#243; khi d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#432;a &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#7871;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: B&#7841;n &#273;ang &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i t&#7915; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; th&#224;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng, &#7903; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m hi&#7879;n t&#7841;i con s&#7889; &#7903; l&#224; 50%. Nh&#432;ng v&#236; m&#7897;t chu k&#7923; b&#225;n h&#224;ng c&#243; th&#7875; k&#233;o d&#224;i trong nhi&#7873;u th&#225;ng, b&#7841;n s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; bi&#7871;t tr&#432;&#7899;c &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#243; bao nhi&#234;u ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; trong th&#225;ng n&#224;y ch&#432;a &#273;&#432;&#7907;c team Sales ch&#7889;t th&#224;nh c&#244;ng, c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#7903; th&#224;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng &#7903; nh&#7919;ng th&#225;ng sau. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i 50% s&#7869; c&#242;n c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i sau khi ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Vi&#7879;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#432;a &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#7871;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng &#7903; th&#7901;i &#273;i&#7875;m &#273;o l&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#243; th&#7875; khi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u tr&#7903; n&#234;n sai l&#7879;ch v&#224; d&#7877; khi&#7871;n ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n sai l&#7847;m. Th&#244;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; c&#7847;n &#273;&#7907;i &#273;&#7871;n khi d&#7919; li&#7879;u ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh, tr&#7903; v&#7873; &#273;&#250;ng gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7853;t c&#7911;a n&#243;, sao &#273;&#243; m&#7899;i &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; v&#224; &#273;&#432;a ra k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n.&nbsp;</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n trong m&#7897;t s&#7889; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p, nh&#432; v&#237; d&#7909; &#7903; tr&#234;n, m&#7897;t chu k&#7923; b&#225;n h&#224;ng c&#243; th&#7875; k&#233;o d&#224;i trong nhi&#7873;u th&#225;ng, &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh vi&#7879;c ph&#7843;i ch&#7901; &#273;&#7907;i qu&#225; l&#226;u c&#243; 3 ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p m&#224; b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#225;p d&#7909;ng:&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><h4><strong>Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p 1: Chia nh&#7887; ch&#7881; s&#7889; theo th&#7901;i gian</strong></h4><p>C&#225;ch &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n nh&#7845;t l&#224; chia c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; theo th&#7901;i gian (v&#237; d&#7909;: t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u, t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i tu&#7847;n th&#7913; hai,...). &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y cho ph&#233;p b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i ch&#7901; &#273;&#7907;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#7871;n gi&#225; tr&#7883; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, m&#224; v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c s&#7921; &#8220;thi&#234;n v&#7883;&#8221; khi &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u.&nbsp;</p><p>H&#227;y xem v&#237; d&#7909; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_hN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc83c45b2-5038-4d44-ac60-f4b142fb7e3d_496x396.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_hN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc83c45b2-5038-4d44-ac60-f4b142fb7e3d_496x396.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_hN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc83c45b2-5038-4d44-ac60-f4b142fb7e3d_496x396.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_hN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc83c45b2-5038-4d44-ac60-f4b142fb7e3d_496x396.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_hN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc83c45b2-5038-4d44-ac60-f4b142fb7e3d_496x396.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_hN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc83c45b2-5038-4d44-ac60-f4b142fb7e3d_496x396.png" width="496" height="396" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c83c45b2-5038-4d44-ac60-f4b142fb7e3d_496x396.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:396,&quot;width&quot;:496,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_hN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc83c45b2-5038-4d44-ac60-f4b142fb7e3d_496x396.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_hN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc83c45b2-5038-4d44-ac60-f4b142fb7e3d_496x396.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_hN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc83c45b2-5038-4d44-ac60-f4b142fb7e3d_496x396.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_hN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc83c45b2-5038-4d44-ac60-f4b142fb7e3d_496x396.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tr&#234;n &#273;&#226;y l&#224; bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; (cohort heatmap) &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i (CVR - Conversion Rate) t&#7915; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; (signup) &#273;&#7871;n ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng (active) theo tu&#7847;n cho t&#7915;ng nh&#243;m ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng (cohort) kh&#225;c nhau theo ng&#224;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253;.</p><p>N&#7871;u ch&#7881; nh&#236;n v&#224;o t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i Total (c&#7897;t cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng), ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#7927; l&#7879; gi&#7843;m t&#7915; kho&#7843;ng 43% xu&#7889;ng kho&#7843;ng 30% trong th&#225;ng 4 l&#224; do gi&#7843;m th&#7853;t hay d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#432;a ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh, b&#7903;i t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i &#7903; Week 2, Week 3, Week 4+ &#273;ang tr&#7889;ng v&#224; v&#7851;n c&#243; th&#7875; s&#7869; thay &#273;&#7893;i trong t&#432;&#417;ng lai.&nbsp;</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n n&#7871;u &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; d&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#7903; Week 1 (d&#7919; li&#7879;u l&#250;c n&#224;y &#273;&#227; ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh v&#224; kh&#244;ng th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i) c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i c&#7911;a ch&#250;ng ta &#273;ang t&#7879; &#273;i (t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i trong tu&#7847;n &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n gi&#7843;m t&#7915; 22% xu&#7889;ng c&#242;n 15% v&#7899;i c&#225;c nh&#243;m &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; g&#7847;n &#273;&#226;y).&nbsp;</p><p><strong>Xem th&#234;m:</strong> <a href="https://insightouch.substack.com/p/cohort-analytics">C&#225;ch &#273;&#7885;c v&#224; hi&#7875;u b&#7843;n ch&#7845;t c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng y&#7871;u t&#7889; trong m&#7897;t b&#7843;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o Cohort Analysis</a></p><h4><strong>Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p 2: Thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a ch&#7881; s&#7889;</strong></h4><p>Trong m&#7897;t s&#7889; tr&#432;&#7901;ng h&#7907;p, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#7883;nh ngh&#297;a c&#7911;a ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh nh&#236;n v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#432;a ho&#224;n ch&#7881;nh.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;, thay v&#236; nh&#236;n v&#224;o c&#243; bao nhi&#234;u giao d&#7883;ch &#273;&#227; v&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;a l&#234;n h&#7879; th&#7889;ng trong th&#225;ng Ba v&#224; &#273;&#227; ho&#224;n th&#224;nh cho &#273;&#7871;n nay, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; xem c&#243; bao nhi&#234;u giao d&#7883;ch &#273;&#227; ho&#224;n th&#224;nh trong th&#225;ng 3 m&#224; &#273;&#227; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i th&#224;nh kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng thay v&#236; lost (kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng h&#7911;y &#273;&#259;ng k&#253;). Con s&#7889; n&#224;y s&#7869; kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i theo th&#7901;i gian, trong khi d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; giao d&#7883;ch &#273;&#227; v&#224;o &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#432;a l&#234;n h&#7879; th&#7889;ng trong th&#225;ng Ba v&#224; &#273;&#227; ho&#224;n th&#224;nh s&#7869; c&#242;n c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c c&#7853;p nh&#7853;t.&nbsp;</p><div id="youtube2-ePLGzPcCzDA" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;ePLGzPcCzDA&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/ePLGzPcCzDA?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><h4><strong>Ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p 3: D&#7921; b&#225;o</strong></h4><p>D&#7921;a tr&#234;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u qu&#225; kh&#7913;, b&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#432;a ra d&#7921; b&#225;o v&#7873; gi&#225; tr&#7883; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng m&#224; m&#224; ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#7841;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c. C&#224;ng c&#243; nhi&#7873;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; thu th&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c trong qu&#225; kh&#7913;, d&#7921; b&#225;o c&#7911;a b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#224;ng s&#225;t v&#7899;i gi&#225; tr&#7883; th&#7921;c.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: CR c&#7911;a team Sales trong 6 th&#225;ng &#273;&#7847;u n&#259;m dao &#273;&#7897;ng trong kho&#7843;ng 45 - 50%, n&#7871;u kh&#244;ng c&#243; g&#236; thay &#273;&#7893;i trong chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c, hay ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng c&#7911;a team, kh&#7843; n&#259;ng cao CR trong th&#225;ng 6 c&#243; th&#7875; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c s&#7869; giao &#273;&#7897;ng trong kho&#7843;ng t&#7915; 45 - 50%.&nbsp;</p><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, d&#7921; b&#225;o l&#224; m&#7897;t c&#244;ng vi&#7879;c r&#7845;t kh&#243;, v&#224; c&#243; nhi&#7873;u &#8220;bi&#7871;n s&#7889; b&#7845;t ng&#7901;&#8221; c&#243; th&#7875; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n d&#7921; &#273;o&#225;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n, v&#236; v&#7853;y c&#7847;n r&#7845;t c&#7849;n th&#7853;n khi th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n c&#225;c ho&#7841;t &#273;&#7897;ng d&#7921; b&#225;o &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh sai l&#7847;m.&nbsp;</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n quan t&#226;m &#273;&#7871;n c&#225;c b&#224;i to&#225;n d&#7921; b&#225;o (&#7913;ng d&#7909;ng Machine Learning), c&#243; th&#7875; tham kh&#7843;o kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Advanced Analytics:</p><p><em>&#7912;ng d&#7909;ng ph&#432;&#417;ng ph&#225;p Linear Regression cho b&#224;i to&#225;n d&#7921; b&#225;o doanh thu - N&#7897;i dung kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Advanced Analytics with Python</em></p><p>V&#7853;y l&#224; ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; ho&#224;n th&#224;nh b&#432;&#7899;c 2 thu th&#7853;p &amp; kh&#225;m ph&#225; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, sau b&#432;&#7899;c n&#224;y b&#7841;n &#273;&#227; c&#243; th&#7875; hi&#7875;u h&#417;n v&#7873; &#273;&#7863;c &#273;i&#7875;m c&#7911;a t&#7879;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch thu th&#7853;p d&#7919; li&#7879;u, &#273;&#7891;ng th&#7901;i thi&#7871;t l&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c c&#225;c dashboard &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889;.&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZlF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F241b6815-dd2b-451d-94a1-470177de6c9b_922x766.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZlF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F241b6815-dd2b-451d-94a1-470177de6c9b_922x766.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZlF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F241b6815-dd2b-451d-94a1-470177de6c9b_922x766.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZlF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F241b6815-dd2b-451d-94a1-470177de6c9b_922x766.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZlF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F241b6815-dd2b-451d-94a1-470177de6c9b_922x766.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZlF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F241b6815-dd2b-451d-94a1-470177de6c9b_922x766.png" width="922" height="766" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZlF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F241b6815-dd2b-451d-94a1-470177de6c9b_922x766.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZlF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F241b6815-dd2b-451d-94a1-470177de6c9b_922x766.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!iZlF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F241b6815-dd2b-451d-94a1-470177de6c9b_922x766.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n nh&#7853;n b&#7897; t&#224;i li&#7879;u MI&#7876;N PH&#205; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p Key Metrics v&#224; M&#7851;u b&#225;o c&#225;o theo b&#7897; ph&#7853;n/ng&#224;nh h&#224;ng &amp; h&#432;&#7899;ng d&#7851;n tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u, c&#243; th&#7875; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; nh&#7853;n t&#7841;i: <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-resource-packs">Data Resource Packs</a>.&nbsp;</p><h2><strong>B&#432;&#7899;c 3: T&#236;m insight t&#7915; d&#7919; li&#7879;u&nbsp;</strong></h2><p>Sau b&#432;&#7899;c tr&#234;n, ch&#250;ng ta &#273;&#227; thu th&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#8220;m&#7897;t n&#250;i&#8221; d&#7919; li&#7879;u, x&#226;y d&#7921;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nhi&#7873;u dashboard &#273;&#7875; theo d&#245;i hi&#7879;u qu&#7843;.&nbsp;</p><p>C&#226;u h&#7887;i ti&#7871;p theo &#273;&#7863;t ra &#7903; &#273;&#226;y l&#224;:<strong> &#8220;L&#224;m th&#7871; n&#224;o &#273;&#7875; chuy&#7875;n c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#243; th&#224;nh insight?&#8221;</strong></p><p>N&#7871;u xem x&#233;t v&#224; &#273;&#225;nh gi&#225; t&#7845;t c&#7843; c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889;, b&#7841;n s&#7869; r&#7845;t d&#7877; r&#417;i v&#224;o t&#236;nh tr&#7841;ng &#8220;l&#7841;c l&#7889;i&#8221; gi&#7919;a m&#7897;t r&#7915;ng d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#224; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#432;a ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c k&#7871;t lu&#7853;n g&#236; h&#7871;t.&nbsp;</p><p>Thay v&#224;o &#273;&#243;, h&#227;y t&#7853;p trung nh&#236;n v&#224;o nh&#7919;ng<strong> &#8220;&#273;i&#7875;m n&#243;ng&#8221; </strong>ho&#7863;c nh&#7919;ng &#273;i&#7875;m m&#224; d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#243; s&#7921; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng nhi&#7873;u nh&#7845;t.&nbsp;</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;:&nbsp;</p><ul><li><p>Team c&#243; &#273;ang kh&#244;ng ho&#224;n th&#224;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c m&#7909;c ti&#234;u n&#224;o kh&#244;ng?&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>C&#243; con s&#7889; n&#224;o t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng hay gi&#7843;m m&#7841;nh b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng hay kh&#244;ng?&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>C&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng n&#224;o &#273;ang di&#7877;n ra kh&#244;ng?</p></li></ul><p>D&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y l&#224; m&#7897;t s&#7889; <strong>d&#7841;ng xu h&#432;&#7899;ng c&#7911;a c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889;</strong> m&#224; b&#7841;n s&#7869; g&#7863;p ph&#7843;i v&#224; v&#237; d&#7909; c&#7909; th&#7875; cho t&#7915;ng lo&#7841;i, hi&#7875;u c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng n&#224;y s&#7869; gi&#250;p b&#7841;n bi&#7871;t c&#225;ch t&#236;m ra &#8220;insight&#8221; th&#7853;t s&#7921; &#7849;n &#273;&#7857;ng sau nh&#7919;ng con s&#7889;:&nbsp;</p><h3><strong>Net neutral movements (Chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7897;ng kh&#244;ng r&#242;ng)</strong></h3><p>Hi&#7875;u m&#7897;t c&#225;ch &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n, &#273;&#226;y l&#224; c&#225;c t&#236;nh hu&#7889;ng m&#224;, m&#7863;c d&#249; c&#243; s&#7921; bi&#7871;n &#273;&#7897;ng r&#245; r&#224;ng trong d&#7919; li&#7879;u, k&#7871;t qu&#7843; cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i nhi&#7873;u, v&#236; s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i n&#224;y &#273;&#432;&#7907;c b&#249; &#273;&#7855;p b&#7903;i c&#225;c y&#7871;u t&#7889; kh&#225;c.</p><p>Khi b&#7841;n th&#7845;y m&#7897;t s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#225;ng k&#7875; trong m&#7897;t ch&#7881; s&#7889;, h&#227;y quay ng&#432;&#7907;c tr&#7903; l&#7841;i Driver/Issue tree &#273;&#7875; xem ch&#7881; s&#7889; &#273;&#243; c&#243; th&#7853;t s&#7921; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n nh&#7919;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; quan tr&#7885;ng m&#224; b&#7841;n &#273;ang quan t&#226;m hay kh&#244;ng, n&#7871;u c&#243; th&#236; c&#7847;n c&#243; h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng &#273;&#7875; gi&#7843;i quy&#7871;t lu&#244;n, c&#242;n kh&#244;ng ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7841;m th&#7901;i b&#7887; qua &#273;&#7875; &#432;u ti&#234;n cho nh&#7919;ng m&#7909;c ti&#234;u quan tr&#7885;ng h&#417;n.&nbsp;</p><p>H&#227;y c&#249;ng xem m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; d&#432;&#7899;i &#273;&#226;y:&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BF4!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98871c34-597e-4f8f-af17-1ad05a12764c_1490x439.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BF4!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98871c34-597e-4f8f-af17-1ad05a12764c_1490x439.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BF4!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98871c34-597e-4f8f-af17-1ad05a12764c_1490x439.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BF4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98871c34-597e-4f8f-af17-1ad05a12764c_1490x439.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BF4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98871c34-597e-4f8f-af17-1ad05a12764c_1490x439.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BF4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98871c34-597e-4f8f-af17-1ad05a12764c_1490x439.png" width="1456" height="429" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/98871c34-597e-4f8f-af17-1ad05a12764c_1490x439.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:429,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BF4!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98871c34-597e-4f8f-af17-1ad05a12764c_1490x439.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BF4!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98871c34-597e-4f8f-af17-1ad05a12764c_1490x439.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BF4!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98871c34-597e-4f8f-af17-1ad05a12764c_1490x439.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1BF4!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98871c34-597e-4f8f-af17-1ad05a12764c_1490x439.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Trong h&#236;nh tr&#234;n, n&#7871;u ch&#7881; nh&#236;n v&#224;o t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i t&#7915; l&#432;&#7907;t truy c&#7853;p sang &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; tr&#234;n trang web c&#7911;a b&#7841;n gi&#7843;m m&#7841;nh v&#224;o th&#225;ng 4. Nh&#432; b&#236;nh th&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#243; th&#7875; b&#7841;n s&#7869; ho&#7843;ng lo&#7841;n v&#224; cho r&#7857;ng ch&#7855;c h&#7859;n l&#432;&#7907;t &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; trong th&#225;ng 4 s&#7869; t&#7909;t th&#234; th&#7843;m. Tuy nhi&#234;n, n&#7871;u nh&#236;n v&#224;o d&#7919; li&#7879;u v&#7873; s&#7889; ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; (Signups) v&#224; l&#432;&#7907;t truy c&#7853;p trang (Daily Unique Visitors) c&#243; th&#7875; th&#7845;y t&#7893;ng s&#7889; &#273;&#259;ng k&#253; v&#7851;n &#7893;n &#273;&#7883;nh, t&#7927; l&#7879; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i gi&#7843;m l&#224; do l&#432;&#7907;t truy c&#7853;p t&#259;ng b&#7845;t th&#432;&#7901;ng, c&#225;c l&#432;&#7907;t truy c&#7853;p n&#224;y c&#243; v&#7867; kh&#244;ng qu&#225; ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c kh&#243; chuy&#7875;n &#273;&#7893;i. V&#7873; c&#417; b&#7843;n hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t c&#7911;a l&#432;&#7907;ng truy c&#7853;p "c&#7889;t l&#245;i" c&#7911;a b&#7841;n kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i. B&#7841;n c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng c&#7847;n h&#224;nh &#273;&#7897;ng lu&#244;n n&#7871;u &#432;u ti&#234;n c&#7911;a b&#7841;n ch&#7881; l&#224; duy tr&#236; s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng ng&#432;&#7901;i &#273;&#259;ng k&#253;.&nbsp;</p><h3><strong>Denominator vs. numerator (M&#7851;u s&#7889; vs. t&#7917; s&#7889;)</strong></h3><p>Khi x&#7917; l&#253; c&#225;c thay &#273;&#7893;i trong c&#225;c ch&#7881; s&#7889; t&#7927; l&#7879; (v&#237; d&#7909;: impressions per user, trips per driver,...), tr&#432;&#7899;c ti&#234;n h&#227;y ki&#7875;m tra xem t&#7917; s&#7889; hay m&#7851;u s&#7889; &#273;&#227; thay &#273;&#7893;i.</p><p>Ch&#250;ng ta th&#432;&#7901;ng cho r&#7857;ng s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; t&#7917; s&#7889;, v&#237; d&#7909;: s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch m&#7895;i nh&#226;n vi&#234;n sales ch&#7889;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;m, th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c cho r&#7857;ng do Conversion rate th&#7845;p c&#7911;a nh&#226;n vi&#234;n &#273;&#243; th&#7845;p (do ch&#7845;t l&#432;&#7907;ng t&#432; v&#7845;n k&#233;m, nh&#226;n vi&#234;n Sales kh&#244;ng nhi&#7879;t t&#236;nh,...). &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y l&#224; do t&#7917; s&#7889; th&#432;&#7901;ng l&#224; nh&#7919;ng ch&#7881; s&#7889; hi&#7879;u su&#7845;t (productivity) m&#224; ch&#250;ng ta mu&#7889;n t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng trong ng&#7855;n h&#7841;n, n&#234;n m&#7885;i ng&#432;&#7901;i th&#432;&#7901;ng t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o h&#417;n. Tuy nhi&#234;n tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; th&#236; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i l&#250;c n&#224;o c&#361;ng v&#7853;y.&nbsp;</p><p>S&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch m&#7895;i nh&#226;n vi&#234;n sales ch&#7889;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c gi&#7843;m c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; do doanh nghi&#7879;p m&#7899;i tuy&#7875;n th&#234;m m&#7897;t &#273;&#7897;i sales m&#7899;i (s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng nh&#226;n vi&#234;n sales t&#259;ng) trong khi s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng ti&#7873;m n&#259;ng th&#236; kh&#244;ng &#273;&#7893;i, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n vi&#7879;c m&#7897;t nh&#226;n vi&#234;n c&#243; &#237;t kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; t&#432; v&#7845;n. V&#236; v&#7853;y b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#7847;n x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh r&#245; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n thay &#273;&#7893;i &#273;&#7871;n t&#7915; &#273;&#226;u, &#273;&#7875; tr&#225;nh &#273;&#432;a ra nh&#7919;ng insight v&#224; quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh sai l&#7847;m.&nbsp;</p><h3><strong>Isolated / Concentrated Trends (Xu h&#432;&#7899;ng t&#7853;p trung/ C&#244; l&#7853;p)</strong></h3><p>Hi&#7875;u &#273;&#417;n gi&#7843;n Isolated / Concentrated Trends l&#224; c&#225;c xu h&#432;&#7899;ng th&#432;&#7901;ng ch&#7881; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n &#7903; m&#7897;t khu v&#7921;c ho&#7863;c m&#7897;t nh&#243;m nh&#7887; trong t&#7893;ng th&#7875;, v&#224; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;n &#225;nh to&#224;n b&#7897; t&#236;nh h&#236;nh chung.</p><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: B&#7841;n nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y t&#7893;ng doanh s&#7889; b&#225;n h&#224;ng &#7903; 10 chi nh&#225;nh gi&#7843;m trong th&#225;ng v&#7915;a r&#7891;i, nh&#432;ng tr&#234;n th&#7921;c t&#7871; kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i doanh s&#7889; c&#7911;a c&#7843; 10 chi nh&#225;nh &#273;&#7873;u gi&#7843;m, m&#224; ch&#7881; gi&#7843;m &#7903; 1 ho&#7863;c 2 chi nh&#225;nh, nh&#432;ng do doanh thu gi&#7843;m m&#7841;nh n&#234;n &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n t&#7893;ng th&#7875;.&nbsp;</p><p>V&#7899;i n&#7871;u d&#7919; li&#7879;u c&#7911;a b&#7841;n c&#243; xu h&#432;&#7899;ng n&#224;y, &#273;&#7847;u ti&#234;n b&#7841;n h&#227;y s&#7917; d&#7909;ng Driver/Issue tree k&#7871;t h&#7907;p c&#249;ng c&#225;c d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#227; thu th&#7853;p &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#226;u l&#224; nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n ch&#237;nh d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; t&#259;ng hay gi&#7843;m.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p>Sau &#273;&#243; ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c nh&#236;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo nhi&#7873;u l&#225;t c&#7855;t kh&#225;c nhau nh&#432;:</p><ul><li><p>&#272;&#7883;a l&#253; (khu v&#7921;c, qu&#7889;c gia, th&#224;nh ph&#7889;,&#8230;)</p></li><li><p>Th&#7901;i gian (tu&#7847;n, th&#225;ng,...)</p></li><li><p>S&#7843;n ph&#7849;m (c&#225;c s&#7843;n ph&#7849;m kh&#225;c nhau nh&#432; Instagram Feed v&#7899;i Reels)</p></li><li><p>Nh&#226;n kh&#7849;u h&#7885;c c&#7911;a ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng ho&#7863;c kh&#225;ch h&#224;ng (&#273;&#7897; tu&#7893;i, gi&#7899;i t&#237;nh,...)</p></li><li><p>Th&#7921;c th&#7875; (ng&#432;&#7901;i d&#249;ng, &#273;&#7841;i l&#253;,...)</p></li></ul><p>V&#237; d&#7909;: Gi&#7843; s&#7917; b&#7841;n l&#224;m vi&#7879;c t&#7841;i DoorDash (&#7913;ng d&#7909;ng giao &#273;&#7891; &#259;n) v&#224; th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;ng &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng ho&#224;n t&#7845;t &#7903; Boston gi&#7843;m theo tu&#7847;n. Thay v&#236; nhanh ch&#243;ng &#273;&#7873; ra c&#225;c &#253; t&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7875; th&#250;c &#273;&#7849;y nhu c&#7847;u ho&#7863;c t&#259;ng t&#7927; l&#7879; ho&#224;n t&#7845;t &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng, h&#227;y th&#7917; c&#244; l&#7853;p v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873;, t&#236;m ra nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n g&#7889;c r&#7877; &#273;&#7875; c&#243; th&#7875; ph&#225;t tri&#7875;n c&#225;c gi&#7843;i ph&#225;p c&#7909; th&#7875; h&#417;n.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!le0a!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43334002-9008-40a1-9f9d-87d40ede8cfe_1364x428.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!le0a!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43334002-9008-40a1-9f9d-87d40ede8cfe_1364x428.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!le0a!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43334002-9008-40a1-9f9d-87d40ede8cfe_1364x428.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!le0a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43334002-9008-40a1-9f9d-87d40ede8cfe_1364x428.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!le0a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43334002-9008-40a1-9f9d-87d40ede8cfe_1364x428.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!le0a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43334002-9008-40a1-9f9d-87d40ede8cfe_1364x428.png" width="1364" height="428" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/43334002-9008-40a1-9f9d-87d40ede8cfe_1364x428.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:428,&quot;width&quot;:1364,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!le0a!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43334002-9008-40a1-9f9d-87d40ede8cfe_1364x428.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!le0a!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43334002-9008-40a1-9f9d-87d40ede8cfe_1364x428.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!le0a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43334002-9008-40a1-9f9d-87d40ede8cfe_1364x428.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!le0a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F43334002-9008-40a1-9f9d-87d40ede8cfe_1364x428.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>D&#7921;a tr&#234;n Issue tree &#7903; tr&#234;n, s&#7889; &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng th&#224;nh c&#244;ng b&#7883; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng b&#7903;i 2 y&#7871;u t&#7889;, y&#234;u c&#7847;u giao h&#224;ng (Delivery requests) v&#224; t&#7927; l&#7879; &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng ho&#224;n th&#224;nh (Completion rate), kh&#244;ng c&#243; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; g&#236; v&#7899;i y&#234;u c&#7847;u giao h&#224;ng, s&#7889; &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng gi&#7843;m do t&#7927; l&#7879; &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng ho&#224;n th&#224;nh gi&#7843;m, c&#7909; th&#7875; -5pp WoW. Ti&#7871;p t&#7909;c nh&#236;n s&#226;u h&#417;n, v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; c&#7889;t l&#245;i l&#224; do c&#225;c &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#224;i x&#7871; ho&#7863;c ng&#432;&#7901;i giao h&#224;ng nh&#7853;n &#273;&#7875; th&#7921;c hi&#7879;n (% order w/o couriers).&nbsp;</p><p>Cu&#7889;i c&#249;ng, ch&#250;ng ta s&#7869; ki&#7875;m tra xem &#273;&#226;y c&#243; ph&#7843;i l&#224; v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n hay kh&#244;ng. C&#225;ch &#273;&#7875; ki&#7875;m tra ch&#237;nh l&#224; nh&#236;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u theo nhi&#7873;u l&#225;t c&#7855;t kh&#225;c nhau. N&#7871;u nh&#236;n theo c&#225;c nh&#224; h&#224;ng, ta th&#7845;y v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; n&#224;y ph&#7893; bi&#7871;n v&#224; &#7843;nh h&#432;&#7903;ng &#273;&#7871;n nhi&#7873;u nh&#224; h&#224;ng kh&#225;c nhau, do &#273;&#243; vi&#7879;c nh&#236;n theo l&#225;t c&#7855;t n&#224;y s&#7869; kh&#244;ng gi&#250;p ch&#250;ng ta thu h&#7865;p ph&#7841;m vi.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bs9w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba9b6789-844f-4ed6-88cd-6482eef451b7_1482x285.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bs9w!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba9b6789-844f-4ed6-88cd-6482eef451b7_1482x285.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bs9w!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba9b6789-844f-4ed6-88cd-6482eef451b7_1482x285.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bs9w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba9b6789-844f-4ed6-88cd-6482eef451b7_1482x285.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bs9w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba9b6789-844f-4ed6-88cd-6482eef451b7_1482x285.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bs9w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba9b6789-844f-4ed6-88cd-6482eef451b7_1482x285.png" width="1456" height="280" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ba9b6789-844f-4ed6-88cd-6482eef451b7_1482x285.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:280,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bs9w!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba9b6789-844f-4ed6-88cd-6482eef451b7_1482x285.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bs9w!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba9b6789-844f-4ed6-88cd-6482eef451b7_1482x285.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bs9w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba9b6789-844f-4ed6-88cd-6482eef451b7_1482x285.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Bs9w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba9b6789-844f-4ed6-88cd-6482eef451b7_1482x285.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, n&#7871;u t&#7841;o m&#7897;t bi&#7875;u &#273;&#7891; heatmap theo th&#7901;i gian v&#224; &#273;&#7883;a l&#253; v&#7899;i ch&#7881; s&#7889; c&#225;c &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng kh&#244;ng t&#236;m &#273;&#432;&#7907;c t&#224;i x&#7871; nh&#432; tr&#234;n, ta s&#7869; th&#7845;y ph&#7847;n l&#7899;n c&#225;c &#273;&#417;n h&#224;ng kh&#244;ng c&#243; t&#224;i x&#7871; &#273;&#7873;u &#7903; ngo&#7841;i &#244;, v&#224; th&#432;&#7901;ng &#273;&#432;&#7907;c giao v&#224;o ban &#273;&#234;m.&nbsp;</p><p><strong>V&#7853;y ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236; v&#7899;i &#8220;insight&#8221; n&#224;y?&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Vi&#7879;c c&#243; th&#7875; x&#225;c &#273;&#7883;nh ch&#237;nh x&#225;c v&#7845;n &#273;&#7873; cho ph&#233;p ch&#250;ng ta s&#7917; d&#7909;ng t&#224;i nguy&#234;n m&#7897;t c&#225;ch hi&#7879;u qu&#7843; h&#417;n. V&#237; d&#7909; ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o vi&#7879;c tuy&#7875;n d&#7909;ng th&#234;m t&#224;i x&#7871; ho&#7863;c ng&#432;&#7901;i giao h&#224;ng &#7903; khu v&#7921;c ngo&#7841;i &#244; thay, hay t&#7841;o ra nh&#7919;ng ch&#432;&#417;ng tr&#236;nh khuy&#7871;n kh&#237;ch d&#224;nh ri&#234;ng cho c&#225;c t&#224;i x&#7871; nh&#7853;n th&#234;m &#273;&#417;n v&#224;o ban &#273;&#234;m thay v&#236; d&#224;n tr&#7843;i ngu&#7891;n l&#7921;c tuy&#7875;n th&#234;m t&#224;i x&#7871; kh&#7855;p Boston.&nbsp;</p><h3><strong>Mix Shifts (S&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i h&#7895;n h&#7907;p) &amp; Simpson&#8217;s Paradox (Ngh&#7883;ch l&#253; Simpson)</strong></h3><p><strong>Mix shift</strong> l&#224; s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i trong th&#224;nh ph&#7847;n ho&#7863;c c&#7845;u tr&#250;c c&#7911;a c&#225;c ph&#7847;n t&#7917; trong m&#7897;t t&#7893;ng th&#7875;, d&#7851;n &#273;&#7871;n s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i trong ch&#7881; s&#7889; t&#7893;ng h&#7907;p. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y th&#432;&#7901;ng x&#7843;y ra khi c&#225;c ph&#7847;n kh&#225;c nhau c&#7911;a t&#7893;ng th&#7875; thay &#273;&#7893;i t&#7927; l&#7879;, g&#226;y ra s&#7921; thay &#273;&#7893;i trong k&#7871;t qu&#7843; t&#7893;ng th&#7875; m&#7863;c d&#249; c&#225;c ph&#7847;n t&#7917; ri&#234;ng l&#7867; c&#243; th&#7875; kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i.</p><p><strong>Simpson's Paradox </strong>(Ngh&#7883;ch l&#253; Simpson) l&#224; m&#7897;t hi&#7879;n t&#432;&#7907;ng th&#7889;ng k&#234; trong &#273;&#243; m&#7897;t xu h&#432;&#7899;ng ho&#7863;c m&#7889;i quan h&#7879; xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n trong m&#7897;t s&#7889; nh&#243;m d&#7919; li&#7879;u nh&#432;ng l&#7841;i &#273;&#7843;o ng&#432;&#7907;c ho&#7863;c bi&#7871;n m&#7845;t khi d&#7919; li&#7879;u &#273;&#432;&#7907;c g&#7897;p l&#7841;i th&#224;nh m&#7897;t nh&#243;m duy nh&#7845;t.&nbsp;</p><p>&#272;&#7875; hi&#7875;u h&#417;n v&#7873; kh&#225;i ni&#7879;m v&#224; &#7913;ng d&#7909;ng c&#7911;a 2 xu h&#432;&#7899;ng n&#224;y, h&#227;y xem m&#7897;t v&#237; d&#7909; sau:&nbsp;</p><p>Gi&#7843; s&#7917; b&#7841;n &#273;ang theo d&#245;i doanh thu t&#7915; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o cho m&#7897;t n&#7873;n t&#7843;ng nh&#432; YouTube. CPM (cost per mille) l&#224; chi ph&#237; trung b&#236;nh tr&#7843; cho m&#7895;i 1.000 l&#432;&#7907;t hi&#7875;n th&#7883; qu&#7843;ng c&#225;o. B&#7841;n nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng doanh thu t&#7893;ng th&#7875; &#273;ang gi&#7843;m v&#224; khi t&#236;m hi&#7875;u s&#226;u h&#417;n, b&#7841;n th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng CPM c&#361;ng &#273;ang gi&#7843;m.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Vj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd5aa859-1258-484e-b51a-873f84ff8d32_1401x667.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Vj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd5aa859-1258-484e-b51a-873f84ff8d32_1401x667.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Vj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd5aa859-1258-484e-b51a-873f84ff8d32_1401x667.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Vj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd5aa859-1258-484e-b51a-873f84ff8d32_1401x667.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Vj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd5aa859-1258-484e-b51a-873f84ff8d32_1401x667.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Vj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd5aa859-1258-484e-b51a-873f84ff8d32_1401x667.png" width="1401" height="667" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fd5aa859-1258-484e-b51a-873f84ff8d32_1401x667.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:667,&quot;width&quot;:1401,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Vj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd5aa859-1258-484e-b51a-873f84ff8d32_1401x667.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Vj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd5aa859-1258-484e-b51a-873f84ff8d32_1401x667.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Vj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd5aa859-1258-484e-b51a-873f84ff8d32_1401x667.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!65Vj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd5aa859-1258-484e-b51a-873f84ff8d32_1401x667.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Tuy nhi&#234;n, khi b&#7841;n ph&#226;n t&#237;ch k&#7929; h&#417;n, b&#7841;n nh&#7853;n th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng CPM c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng khu v&#7921;c &#273;&#7883;a l&#253; ri&#234;ng l&#7867; (nh&#432; US, CAN, EMEA, APAC) kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i. &#272;i&#7873;u n&#224;y c&#243; ngh&#297;a l&#224; CPM t&#7893;ng gi&#7843;m kh&#244;ng ph&#7843;i do CPM c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng khu v&#7921;c b&#7883; gi&#7843;m.&nbsp;</p><p>V&#7853;y nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n CPM gi&#7843;m l&#224; do &#273;&#226;u?&nbsp;</p><p>&#272;&#226;y l&#224; n&#417;i s&#7921; Mix shift v&#224; Simpson's Paradox xu&#7845;t hi&#7879;n:&nbsp;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bE0N!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8f2a54-46da-429b-bb90-4cef6b741ba5_1429x635.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bE0N!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8f2a54-46da-429b-bb90-4cef6b741ba5_1429x635.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bE0N!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8f2a54-46da-429b-bb90-4cef6b741ba5_1429x635.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bE0N!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8f2a54-46da-429b-bb90-4cef6b741ba5_1429x635.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bE0N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8f2a54-46da-429b-bb90-4cef6b741ba5_1429x635.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bE0N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8f2a54-46da-429b-bb90-4cef6b741ba5_1429x635.png" width="1429" height="635" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fd8f2a54-46da-429b-bb90-4cef6b741ba5_1429x635.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:635,&quot;width&quot;:1429,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bE0N!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8f2a54-46da-429b-bb90-4cef6b741ba5_1429x635.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bE0N!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8f2a54-46da-429b-bb90-4cef6b741ba5_1429x635.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bE0N!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8f2a54-46da-429b-bb90-4cef6b741ba5_1429x635.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!bE0N!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffd8f2a54-46da-429b-bb90-4cef6b741ba5_1429x635.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#7909; th&#7875;, CPM c&#7911;a t&#7915;ng khu v&#7921;c &#273;&#7883;a l&#253; ri&#234;ng l&#7867; kh&#244;ng thay &#273;&#7893;i, nh&#432;ng n&#7871;u b&#7841;n nh&#236;n v&#224;o t&#7927; l&#7879; c&#7911;a l&#432;&#7907;t hi&#7875;n th&#7883; theo khu v&#7921;c, b&#7841;n th&#7845;y r&#7857;ng c&#225;c l&#432;&#7907;t hi&#7875;n th&#7883; &#273;ang d&#7847;n &#273;ang chuy&#7875;n t&#7915; US sang APAC. V&#224; v&#236; APAC c&#243; CPM th&#7845;p h&#417;n M&#7929;, n&#234;n CPM t&#7893;ng c&#361;ng gi&#7843;m theo.</p><p><strong>V&#7853;y ch&#250;ng ta c&#243; th&#7875; l&#224;m g&#236; v&#7899;i &#8220;insight&#8221; n&#224;y?&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></p><p>Sau khi bi&#7871;t &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nguy&#234;n nh&#226;n g&#7889;c r&#7877; n&#224;y, b&#7841;n s&#7869; c&#243; th&#7875; c&#243; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c c&#7909; th&#7875; h&#417;n &#273;&#7875; t&#259;ng CPM. C&#243; th&#7875; l&#224; k&#237;ch th&#237;ch t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng &#7903; c&#225;c khu v&#7921;c CPM cao, suy ngh&#297; v&#7873; c&#225;c t&#249;y ch&#7885;n ki&#7871;m ti&#7873;n b&#7893; sung cho khu v&#7921;c APAC, ho&#7863;c t&#7853;p trung v&#224;o vi&#7879;c b&#249; &#273;&#7855;p cho CPM th&#7845;p th&#244;ng qua t&#259;ng tr&#432;&#7903;ng s&#7889; l&#432;&#7907;t hi&#7875;n th&#7883; (Impression) &#7903; khu v&#7921;c APAC.</p><h2>K&#7871;t lu&#7853;n&nbsp;</h2><p>V&#7853;y l&#224; TM &#273;&#227; v&#7915;a c&#249;ng b&#7841;n &#273;i qua 3 b&#432;&#7899;c bi&#7871;n d&#7919; li&#7879;u th&#224;nh &#8220;Actionable Insight&#8221; &#273;&#432;&#7907;c &#273;&#250;c k&#7871;t t&#7915; kinh nghi&#7879;m l&#224;m Data t&#7841;i Meta, Uber, Rippling c&#7911;a t&#225;c gi&#7843; Torsten Walbaum. H&#227;y nh&#7899; r&#7857;ng, d&#7919; li&#7879;u ch&#7881; c&#243; gi&#225; tr&#7883; khi b&#7841;n s&#7917; d&#7909;ng ch&#250;ng &#273;&#7875; t&#236;m ra c&#225;c insights, &#273;&#432;a ra &#273;&#432;&#7907;c nh&#7919;ng &#273;&#7873; xu&#7845;t h&#7919;u &#237;ch cho doanh nghi&#7879;p.&nbsp;</p><p>N&#7871;u b&#7841;n mong mu&#7889;n trang b&#7883; t&#432; duy l&#224;m vi&#7879;c v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u (Data Mindset) b&#224;i b&#7843;n, c&#7843;i thi&#7879;n k&#7929; n&#259;ng &#8220;&#273;&#7885;c s&#7889; t&#236;m insight&#8221; qua c&#225;c case study th&#7921;c t&#7871; v&#7899;i d&#7919; li&#7879;u Sales, Customers, Marketing,... nh&#7857;m h&#7895; tr&#7907; cho vi&#7879;c ra quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh, h&#227;y tham kh&#7843;o th&#234;m <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-analysis-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor-text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=actionable-insight">kh&#243;a h&#7885;c Data Analysis - Ph&#226;n t&#237;ch d&#7919; li&#7879;u cho quy&#7871;t &#273;&#7883;nh chi&#7871;n l&#432;&#7907;c</a>!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Uldi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ace12e1-15b1-434e-bf34-fd5567743b38_1055x670.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Uldi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ace12e1-15b1-434e-bf34-fd5567743b38_1055x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Uldi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ace12e1-15b1-434e-bf34-fd5567743b38_1055x670.png 848w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5ace12e1-15b1-434e-bf34-fd5567743b38_1055x670.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:670,&quot;width&quot;:1055,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Uldi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ace12e1-15b1-434e-bf34-fd5567743b38_1055x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Uldi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ace12e1-15b1-434e-bf34-fd5567743b38_1055x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Uldi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ace12e1-15b1-434e-bf34-fd5567743b38_1055x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Uldi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ace12e1-15b1-434e-bf34-fd5567743b38_1055x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>C&#242;n n&#7871;u b&#7841;n mu&#7889;n t&#236;m hi&#7875;u th&#234;m v&#7873; t&#432; duy tr&#7921;c quan h&#243;a d&#7919; li&#7879;u (Data Visualization Mindset) v&#224; n&#226;ng cao k&#7929; n&#259;ng x&#226;y d&#7921;ng b&#225;o c&#225;o tr&#234;n Excel, h&#227;y tham kh&#7843;o kh&#243;a h&#7885;c <a href="https://www.tomorrowmarketers.org/data-visualization-course?utm_source=blog&amp;utm_medium=anchor-text&amp;utm_campaign=substack&amp;utm_content=actionable-insight">Data Visualization &amp; Analytics with Excel</a> c&#7911;a TM Data School nh&#233;!</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fvuu!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F35598424-f45e-4381-97bc-4ed93fff9e2c_1055x670.jpeg" 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